Longitudinal Structure in the Altitude of the Sporadic E Observed by COSMIC in Low-Latitudes by Zhendi Liu, Qingfeng Li, Hanxian Fang, Ze Gao

“…The WN4 occurs primarily during the daytime at the June solstice and equinoxes, with the largest amplitude at the September equinox and the smallest one at the March equinox. It moves eastward with a speed of ~90°/day. …”
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Diurnal and seasonal variations of the occurrence of ionospheric irregularities over Nigeria from GNSS data by Ojochenemi Ikani, Ojochenemi Ikani, Francisca Nneka Okeke, Kingsley Chukwudi Okpala, Daniel Okoh, Daniel Okoh, Babatunde Rabiu, Babatunde Rabiu

“…The strength of irregularities was generally greater in March equinox compared to September equinox, and they were more pronounced during pre-midnight hours. …”
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Diurnal, seasonal and solar cycle variation in total electron content and comparison with IRI-2016 model at Birnin Kebbi by A. Ogwala, E. O. Somoye, O. Ogunmodimu, R. A. Adeniji-Adele, E. O. Onori, O. Oyedokun

“…However, in 2011, the September equinox and December solstice recorded a higher magnitude, followed by the March equinox, and the magnitude was lowest in the June solstice. …”
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Upper mantle conductivity determined from the solar quiet day ionospheric currents in the dip equatorial latitudes of West Africa by Obiekezie, T., Okeke, F.

“…The seasonal variation in the external current maximizes during the March equinox and minimizes in the December solstice. …”
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The First Measurement of Seasonal Trends in the Equatorial Ionospheric Anomaly Trough at the CHUK GNSS Site During the Solar Maximum in 2014 by Jong-Kyun Chung, Sung-Moon Yoo, Wookyoung Lee

“…The equinoctial asymmetry at the March equinox was higher than that at the October equinox rather than the November equinox. …”
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The Madden‐Julian Oscillation in an Aquaplanet‐Like General Circulation Model With and Without Continents by Surajit Das, Debasis Sengupta, Arindam Chakraborty

“…Abstract We have conducted experiments with the Community Atmospheric Model version 5.1 configured as an aquaplanet, with the sun at March equinox, in order to study how the model Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) responds to (i) the introduction of continents and (ii) realistic sea surface temperature (SST) distribution. …”
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Studying the variability in the diurnal and seasonal variations in GPS total electron content over Nigeria by V. A. Eyelade, A. O. Adewale, A. O. Akala, O. S. Bolaji, A. B. Rabiu

“…The December Solstice magnitude is slightly higher than the June Solstice magnitude at all stations, while March Equinox magnitude is also slightly higher than September Equinox magnitude at all stations. …”
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A brief review of equatorial ionization anomaly and ionospheric irregularities by Nanan Balan, LiBo Liu, HuiJun Le

“…A low latitude minimum in the occurrence of the irregularities at March equinox predicted by theoretical models is identified. …”
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Universal Time variations in the magnetosphere by Mike Lockwood, Stephen E. Milan

“…However, although the variation with Universal Time is consistent with the R-M effect for the September equinox, it is not for the March equinox. We here solve this long-standing puzzle by investigating the effects of the motions of the two poles in a frame fixed with respect to both the Earth and the Sun for an eccentric dipole model. …”
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