Political and environmental risks influence migration and human smuggling across the Mediterranean Sea. by Kara Ross Camarena, Sarah Claudy, Jijun Wang, Austin L Wright

“…An event study design demonstrates the effectiveness of a policy intervention that targeted Libyan militias engaged in human smuggling. The results highlight the important role of environmental and political risks in transit countries and their implications for migration and human smuggling.…”
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Byzantine Army during the Religious-Political Crisis (775–820) by Anton Sergeevich Mokhov

“…After the dissolution of most of the regular tagmata, defensive and offensive operations were compelled to conduct militias of five eastern provinces (Opsikion, Thrakesion, Anatolikon, Armeniakon, Kibyrrhaioton). …”
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El viaje hacia el exilio libanés de los refugiados palestinos: La Hijra by Rosa Velasco Muñoz

“…The three waves, perfectly differentiated, where was being developed this massive exodus and the specific conditions that were being generated, were either related to the people or the city of origin where they came from: basically due to the spreading of terror, strategically handled by the different Zionist militias, as well as the social class which belonged to the refugees.…”
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Private Political Violence and Boss-Rule in the Philippines by Peter Kreuzer

“…Targeted killings and physical harassment by vigilantes, death squads, private armed groups, para-military militias, the police or members of the armed forces as well as violent competition for political jobs cost hundreds of lives every year. …”
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The Smuggling of Migrants from Libyan Shores to Italy: Changes After the End of the Gaddafi Dictatorship by Stefano Becucci

“…The third phase, from 2013-14 onwards, has a new vertically structured organization that benefits smugglers with several resources: connections with recruiters located in the migrants’ countries of departure, financial resources, personnel hired to run the system of irregular migration and protection of the militias.…”
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Walled in, Out of Sight: The Contested Urban Environment of Baghdad by Bret Windhauser

“…Government-sanctioned armed groups and illegal militias each constructed and appropriated defensive architecture for their own purposes. …”
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Conflict Dynamics in Post-2003 Iraq: A Security Dilemma Perspective by Hawkar J. Majeed, Ishtiaq Hossain

“…The findings suggest that the security dilemma and ethno-sectarian conflict are further intensified by Kurdish, Shiite, and Sunni groups attempting to assess the threats posed not only by enemy militias but also by the presence of all groups in close proximity.…”
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Within small things. Reflections on techno-social boundaries between prehistory and recent past during a Lebanese fieldwork by Johnny Samuele Baldi

“…The aim is to recognize the frontier between the militias having clashed in Qleiaat in 1988-1990 on the basis of the chaînes opératoires of the pithoi.…”
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The Economy of Conflict in the Oil Rich Niger Delta Region of Nigeria by Augustine Ikelegbe

“…The paper examines the interfaces between the Nigerian state, multi-national oil companies, the international community and youth militias with the economy. It was found that though the economy did not cause the conflict, it has become a part of the resistance and a resource for sustaining it. …”
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II Demostración Nacional y los primeros campamentos de verano de la Organización Juvenil (1937-1939) de FET y de las JONS. [II National Demonstration and the first summer camps of... by Xavier Torrebadella Flix, Eduard Inglés Yuba

“…The summer camps are shown to have been used to train up the young generation by grouping inmates in militias and indoctrinating them in discipline, obedience and the sublimation of violence. …”
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Non-State Military Actors: The Case of the 2011 Libyan Conflict by Radana Makariusová, Zdeněk Ludvík

“…Non-state military actors (i.e. private military companies, contractors and/or militias) form an inherent part of the present global system. …”
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Evangelicals and the neoliberal urban apparatus: governing populations and peripheral urban territories by Iafet Leonardi Bricalli

“…The partial results indicate that some evangelical churches are part of a heterogeneous and articulated set of governmentalities that I have called neoliberal urban device and that include modes of subjectivation, militarization, favelas removal, drug trafficking and militias.…”
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With and Without ‘General’: The Representation of Wiranto in The Sydney Morning Herald during Indonesia’s 2004 General Election by Aylanda Hidayati Dwi-Nugroho

“…In the news data he was mostly related to the allegations of his responsibility as the Commander of Indonesia‟s armed forces for a number of atrocities committed by the Indonesian military and Jakarta-backed militias in East Timor. Honorification is one standard referencing in news. …”
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Victimhood and Denial: Recent Scholarship on the Legacy of the Indonesian Mass Murders of 1965-66 by Chris Lundry

“…John Roosa’s Buried Histories: The Anti-Communist Massacres of 1965-66 in Indonesia (2020) is his third book on the subject, and explains, through rigorous case studies, some of the variation in the scope of the killings due to the role of the military and militias. Vincent Bevins’ The Jakarta Method: Washington’s Anticommunist Crusade and the Mass Murder Program that Shaped Our World (2020) argues that the Indonesian case became a “playbook” for other right-leaning forces to crush communism in Latin America and elsewhere, and has left a legacy of legitimized violence from which many have not yet recovered. …”
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For a historical-sociological approach to the city of Haifa by Roberto Cipriani

“…Haifa was heavy involved in the Great Arab Revolt of 1936-1939 and during the 1948 the Palestinian population, about 80.000 people, was evacuated by the Jewish militias. After the establishment of the State of Israel, several terror attacks took place in the city. …”
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Housing, Land and Property Rights as War-Financing Commodities: A Typology with Lessons from Darfur, Colombia and Syria by Jon Unruh

“…The success with which such commodities can be transacted to support militaries, militias and insurgencies has led belligerents to innovate with additional commodities. …”
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Las campañas de Marruecos (1909-1927) by Daniel Macías Fernández

“…Palabras clave: España; Marruecos; Protectorado; Guerra del Rif; Ejército.Abstract.We are going to analyze the situation which involved those militias who went to the Spanish Protectorate between 1909 and 1927. …”
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Unveiling the salient issues in the protracted Jos crises, Central Nigeria by Peter Nungshak Wika

“…At the centre of these violent eruptions are the groups’ dynamics that the conflict has created: The Indigene versus Settler problematic as well as the Christian versus Muslims militias. The crises in Jos are resource and identity-based in a contest over the native, political and economic soul of the ancient Tin-city. …”
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Al servicio de Su Católica Majestad. La concesión de mercedes de las órdenes militares castellanas a miembros del Consejo de Órdenes y del Consejo de Castilla en el reinado de Feli... by Héctor Linares González

“…The commanderies of the Castilian military orders constituted an extensive and rich heritage set that these militias acquired from the kings of Castile and Leon in gratitude to the services rendered in the Reconquest. …”
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Nigeria’s ‘Quadrilemma’: Globalization, State Delegitimization, Religious Fundamentalism and Insecurity by Adeniyi S. Basiru, Adeyinka Olasoko, Olusesan Osunkoya

“…This is where ethnic and religious militias come into the picture.The paper submits that remediation lies in the decolonization and the restructuring of the state via the instrumentality of process-led constitution-making.…”
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