B cell responses to conjugate and polysaccharide meningococcal vaccines by Ramasamy, M

“…This variability is enabled by the complexities of immunoglobulin variable domain gene recombination which can generate a vast potential repertoire of unique antibody molecules. However, the diversity of the antibody repertoire is more restricted against specific antigens and within defined B cell subsets. …”

Advancing the synthesis and reactivity of aza-sulfur functional groups by Tilby, M

“…In order to advance the synthesis and reactivity of these molecules a variety of projects have been undertaken, both using computational and experimental methods. …”

Isolation and in vitro culture of bone marrow-derived macrophages for the study of NO-redox biology by Diotallevi, M, Nicol, T, Ayaz, F, Bailey, J, Shaw, A, McNeill, E, Davies, B, Channon, KM, Crabtree, MJ

“…Similarly, Foetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is used to support growth but contains a vast mixture of undefined molecules that may vary between batches. These methods are not adequate for the study of nitric oxide biology and redox mechanisms as they both contain substantial amounts of small molecules that either interfere with redox mechanisms or supplement levels of cofactors, such as tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), required for the production of NO from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). …”

Sterile activation of invariant natural killer T cells by ER-stressed antigen presenting cells by Bedard, M

“…<p>Invariant NKT (iNKT) cells are a subset of innate-like lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigen presented on monomorphic CD1d molecules. These cells have the unique ability to shape immunity during anti-tumour immune responses and other forms of sterile and non-sterile inflammation. …”

Naturally processed peptides from two disease-resistance-associated HLA-DR13 alleles show related sequence motifs and the effects of the dimorphism at position 86 of the HLA-DR bet... by Davenport, M, Quinn, C, Chicz, R, Green, B, Willis, A, Lane, W, Bell, J, Hill, A

“…To investigate the peptide binding specificity of two HLA-DR13 molecules and the effects of the Gly/Val dimorphism at position 86 of the HLA-DR beta chain on natural peptide ligands, these peptides were acid-eluted from immunoaffinity-purified HLA-DRB1*1301 and -DRB1*1302, molecules that differ only at this position. …”

Novel immunomodulators from hard ticks selectively reprogramme human dendritic cell responses by Preston, S, Majtán, J, Kouremenou, C, Rysnik, O, Burger, L, Cabezas Cruz, A, Chiong Guzman, M, Nunn, M, Paesen, G, Nuttall, P, Austyn, J

“…Here we address the question of whether the largest and globally most important group of ticks (the ixodid metastriates) produce salivary molecules that specifically modulate DC activity. We used chromatography to isolate a salivary gland protein (Japanin) from Rhipicephalus appendiculatus ticks. …”

A new look at NICMOS transmission spectroscopy of HD189733, GJ-436 and XO-1: no conclusive evidence for molecular features by Gibson, N, Pont, F, Aigrain, S

“…Detections of several molecules, including H20, CH4 and CO2, have been claimed for HD 189733 and XO-1, but similarly sized features are attributed to systematic noise for GJ-436. …”

Functional genomics and compound mode-of-action screening in haploid human cells by Gapp, B

“…The second chapter focuses on the implementation of this method in a large reverse genetic study in human cells to functionally annotate tyrosine kinases in signalling pathways upon stimulation with a set of ten polypeptides and small molecules. The screens revealed known and unexpected interactions between different signalling molecules and pathways, validating the technical approach in a biological context. …”

Potential strategies to prevent encrustations on urinary stents and catheters – thinking outside the box: a European network of multidisciplinary research to improve urinary stents... by Abou-Hassan, A, Barros, A, Buchholz, N, Carugo, D, Clavica, F, de Graaf, P, de La Cruz, J, Kram, W, Mergulhao, F, Reis, RL, Skovorodkin, I, Soria, F, Vainio, S, Zheng, S

“…Others are very recent and, at least in urology, still only conceptual (i.e. antisense molecules). Perhaps the most important learning point resulting from this pan-European multidisciplinary effort is that collaboration between all stakeholders is not only fruitful but also truly essential.…”

Sensitization of tumour cells to lysis by virus-specific CTL using antibody-targeted MHC class I/peptide complexes. by Ogg, G, Dunbar, P, Cerundolo, V, McMichael, A, Lemoine, N, Savage, P

“…A number of cell surface molecules with specificity to tumour cells have been identified and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to some of these antigens have been used for targeting tumour cells in vivo. …”

Balancing selection at the tomato RCR3 Guardee gene family maintains variation in strength of pathogen defense. by Hörger, A, Ilyas, M, Stephan, W, Tellier, A, van der Hoorn, R, Rose, L

“…According to the "Guard-Hypothesis," R proteins (the "guards") can sense modification of target molecules in the host (the "guardees") by pathogen effectors and subsequently trigger the defense response. …”

Mechanisms of Cellular Avidity Regulation in CD2-CD58-Mediated T Cell Adhesion. by Zhu, D, Dustin, M, Cairo, C, Thatte, H, Golan, D

“…Our observations are consistent with a model in which T cell activation initially induces increased CD2 2D affinity, cell surface receptor expression, and lateral mobility, allowing the CD2 molecules to diffuse to sites of contact with CD58-bearing APCs. …”

Rapid endothelial cell-selective loading of connexin 40 antibody blocks endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor dilation in rat small mesenteric arteries. by Mather, S, Dora, K, Sandow, S, Winter, P, Garland, C

“…To probe the role of endothelial gap junctions in EDHF-mediated dilation, we developed a method, which was originally used to load membrane impermeant molecules into cells in culture, to load connexin (Cx)-specific inhibitory molecules rapidly (approximately 15 minutes) into endothelial cells within isolated, pressurized mesenteric arteries of the rat. …”

Functional and biochemical subtypes of the haplotype HLA-DR3 in patients with celiac disease or idiopathic membranous nephropathy. by Sacks, S, Bushell, A, Rust, N, Karagiannis, J, Jewell, D, Ledingham, J, Wood, K, Mcmichael, A

“…Analysis was carried out by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitated HLA class II molecules, DNA hybridization with DR beta and DQ beta gene probes on Taq 1, Bam H1, or Rsa 1 digests, and mixed lymphocyte culture. …”

Probing computational methodologies in predicting mid-infrared spectra for large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by Kerkeni, B, Rigopoulou, D, Garcia-Bernete, I, Tew, D, Roche, P, Clary, D

“…We extend the prediction of vibrational spectra to large sized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules comprising up to ∼1500 carbon atoms by evaluating the efficiency of several computational chemistry methodologies. …”

Genetic evidence for difference between intracellular and extracellular peptides in influenza A matrix peptide-specific CTL recognition. by Matsui, M, Moots, R, Warburton, R, Peace-Brewer, A, Tussey, L, Quinn, D, Mcmichael, A, Frelinger, J

“…During the course of extensive mutagenesis of HLA-A2.1, we examined influenza A matrix peptide (FMP)-specific CTL recognition of HMy2.C1R (C1R) cells expressing mutant HLA-A2.1 molecules, sensitized with synthetic peptide, FMP 58-66, (exogenous peptide), or infected with influenza A virus (endogenous peptide). …”

Quadracyclic adenine: a non-perturbing fluorescent adenine analogue. by Dierckx, A, Miannay, F, Ben Gaied, N, Preus, S, Björck, M, Brown, T, Wilhelmsson, L

“…Fluorescent-base analogues (FBAs) comprise a group of increasingly important molecules for the investigation of nucleic acid structure and dynamics as well as of interactions between nucleic acids and other molecules. …”

Lymphocyte receptor cis interactions in immune cell signaling by Mørch, A

“…Finally, in Chapter 6, we turn to the study of cis interactions between an inhibitory NK-cell receptor and class I MHC molecules. Guided by structural biology, we determine how novel malarial surface antigens have evolved to bind inhibitory molecules even when ‘masked’ by MHC-I binding in cis. …”

Closing the gap between 19F and 18F chemistry by Ajenjo, J, Destro, G, Cornelissen, B, Gouverneur, V

“…During the last two decades,&nbsp;¹⁸F-radiochemistry has progressed at a fast pace with the appearance of numerous methodologies for late-stage&nbsp;¹⁸F-incorporation onto complex molecules from a range of readily available precursors including those that do not require pre-functionalisation. …”

Potassium channel β-subunits as voltage-controlled biochemical memories by Rorsman, HO

“…However, the specific identity of ROS signalling molecules and how these signals are dissipated remains unclear.…”