Genetic polymorphisms associated with antimalarial antibody levels in a low and unstable malaria transmission area in southern Sri Lanka. by Dewasurendra, R, Suriyaphol, P, Fernando, S, Carter, R, Rockett, K, Corran, P, Kwiatkowski, D, Karunaweera, N

“…RESULTS: A significant increase in antibodies against Plasmodium falciparum antigens AMA1, MSP2, NANP and Plasmodium vivax antigen MSP1 in individuals with past history of malaria were observed when compared to those who did not. …”

Sporozoite antibodies and malaria in children in a rural area of The Gambia. by Snow, R, Shenton, F, Lindsay, S, Greenwood, B, Bennett, S, Wheeler, J, Del Giudice, G, Verdini, A, Pessi, A

“…Sporozoite antibody levels were measured in a group of children aged one to nine years resident in a rural area of The Gambia, using an ELISA to the repeat peptide (NANP)40. The prevalence and titre of antibodies varied with age but not with sex or ethnic group. …”

Affinity-matured homotypic interactions induce spectrum of PfCSP structures that influence protection from malaria infection by Gregory M. Martin, Jonathan L. Torres, Tossapol Pholcharee, David Oyen, Yevel Flores-Garcia, Grace Gibson, Re’em Moskovitz, Nathan Beutler, Diana D. Jung, Jeffrey Copps, Wen-Hsin Lee, Gonzalo Gonzalez-Paez, Daniel Emerling, Randall S. MacGill, Emily Locke, C. Richter King, Fidel Zavala, Ian A. Wilson, Andrew B. Ward

“…Here we present an in-depth structural and functional analysis of a panel of potent antibodies encoded by the immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) gene IGHV3-33, which is among the most prevalent and potent antibody families induced in the anti-PfCSP immune response and targets the Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP) repeat region. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reveals a remarkable spectrum of helical antibody-PfCSP structures stabilized by homotypic interactions between tightly packed fragments antigen binding (Fabs), many of which correlate with somatic hypermutation. …”
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GENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A Trueperella pyogenes STRAIN AS A MAJOR CAUSATIVE AGENT OF METRITIS, ABORTION AND DEATH IN Bubalus bubalis by Iradj Ashrafi Tamai, Abdolmajid Mohammadzadeh, Pezhman Mahmoodi, Taghi Zahraei Salehi

“…Single PCR method confirmed the presence of the well-known virulence genes of T. pyogenes including plo, nanH, nanP, cbpA, fimA, fimC, fimE and fimG genes. Antibiotic susceptibility test revealed that this isolate was resistant against Tetracycline, Erythromycin and Trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. …”
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Structural and biophysical approaches to the understanding of immunity and host-pathogen interactions in human malaria by Pholcharee, T

“…The structures also reinforce the importance of homotypic Fab-Fab interactions among anti-NANP antibodies that lead to an increase in affinity due to an avidity effect. …”

Molecular determinants of cross-reactivity and potency by VH3-33 antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein by Elaine Thai, Rajagopal Murugan, Špela Binter, Clare Burn Aschner, Katherine Prieto, Audrey Kassardjian, Anna S. Obraztsova, Ryu Won Kang, Yevel Flores-Garcia, Shamika Mathis-Torres, Kan Li, Gillian Q. Horn, Richard H.C. Huntwork, Judith M. Bolscher, Marloes H.C. de Bruijni, Robert Sauerwein, S. Moses Dennison, Georgia D. Tomaras, Fidel Zavala, Paul Kellam, Hedda Wardemann, Jean-Philippe Julien

“…Among VH3-33 antibodies, cross-reactivity between PfCSP major repeat (NANP), minor (NVDP), and junctional (NPDP) motifs is associated with high affinity and potent parasite inhibition. …”
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Needle-free, spirulina-produced Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite vaccination provides sterile protection against pre-erythrocytic malaria in mice by Tracy Saveria, Chaitra Parthiban, Annette M. Seilie, Colin Brady, Anissa Martinez, Ridhima Manocha, Esha Afreen, Hui Zhao, Ashley Krzeszowski, Jeremy Ferrara, Troy Paddock, James Roberts, Brad C. Stone, Michael Tasch, Sean C. Murphy

“…Spirulina were genetically engineered to express virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of the woodchuck hepatitis B core capsid protein (WHcAg) displaying a (NANP)15 PfCSP antigen on its surface. PfCSP-spirulina administered to mice intranasally followed by oral PfCSP-spirulina boosters resulted in a strong, systemic anti-PfCSP immune response that was protective against subcutaneous challenge with PfCSP-expressing P. yoelii. …”
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Household-based malaria control in a highly endemic area of Africa (Tanzania): determinants of transmission and disease and indicators for monitoring - Kilombero Malaria Project by Thomas Teuscher

“…Nested analysis of anti-NANP40 antibody suggest that only approximately 30% of the titer variance can explained by household clustering and that the largest proportion of antibody titer variability must be explained by non-measured behavioral determinants relating to an individual's level of exposure within a household. …”
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Innate Immune Stimulation Using 3D Wireframe DNA Origami by Du, Rebecca R, Cedrone, Edward, Romanov, Anna, Falkovich, Reuven, Dobrovolskaia, Marina A, Bathe, Mark

“…Further, we find that CpG copy number and spatial organization each contribute to the magnitude of TLR9 signaling and that NANP-attached CpGs do not require phosphorothioate stabilization to elicit signaling. …”
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A public antibody lineage that potently inhibits malaria infection through dual binding to the circumsporozoite protein by Tan, J, Sack, B, Oyen, D, Zenklusen, I, Piccoli, L, Barbieri, S, Foglierini, M, Fregni, C, Marcandalli, J, Jongo, S, Abdulla, S, Perez, L, Corradin, G, Varani, L, Sallusto, F, Sim, B, Hoffman, S, Kappe, S, Daubenberger, C, Wilson, I, Lanzavecchia, A

“…All isolated IgG monoclonal antibodies bound to P. falciparum circumsporozoite protein (PfCSP) and recognized distinct epitopes in its N terminus, NANP-repeat region, and C terminus. Strikingly, the most effective antibodies, as determined in a humanized mouse model, bound not only to the repeat region, but also to a minimal peptide at the PfCSP N-terminal junction that is not in the RTS,S vaccine. …”

New approaches to pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccination by Mukhopadhyay, E

“…Along with creating new variants, an alternative strategy of using pre-formed immune complexes consisting of R21 complexed with monoclonal antibody 2A10 to the central NANP repeats has been explored. With this strategy already in use for animal vaccines, promising published results obtained with Zika virus, and still unexplored for parasitic infections, I considered to apply this approach to malaria and have obtained promising results. …”

A Virulent Trueperella pyogenes Isolate, Which Causes Severe Bronchoconstriction in Porcine Precision-Cut Lung Slices by Lei Qin, Lei Qin, Fandan Meng, Haijuan He, Yong-Bo Yang, Gang Wang, Yan-Dong Tang, Mingxia Sun, Wenlong Zhang, Xuehui Cai, Shujie Wang

“…Here, we isolated and identified a virulent, β-hemolytic, multidrug-resistant T. pyogenes strain named 20121, which harbors the virulence marker genes fimA, fimE, nanH, nanP and plo. It was found to be highly resistant to erythromycin, azithromycin and medemycin. …”
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Safety and efficacy of malaria vaccine candidate R21/Matrix-M in African children: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, phase 3 trial by Datoo, MS, Dicko, A, Tinto, H, Ouédraogo, J-B, Hamaluba, M, Olotu, A, Beaumont, E, Ramos Lopez, F, Natama, HM, Weston, S, Chemba, M, Compaore, YD, Issiaka, D, Salou, D, Some, AM, Omenda, S, Lawrie, A, Bejon, P, Rao, H, Chandramohan, D, Roberts, R, Bharati, S, Stockdale, L, Gairola, S, Greenwood, BM, Ewer, KJ, Bradley, J, Kulkarni, PS, Shaligram, U, Hill, AVS

“…Vaccine-induced antibodies against the conserved central Asn-Ala-Asn-Pro (NANP) repeat sequence of circumsporozoite protein correlated with vaccine efficacy. …”

Genetic variation of the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein in parasite isolates from Homabay County in Kenya by Michael Maina, Michael Maina, Sebastian Musundi, Josiah Kuja, Harrison Waweru, Harrison Waweru, Daniel Kiboi, Bernard N. Kanoi, Jesse Gitaka

“…Our results show that the N-terminal of PfCSP was relatively conserved with a notable mutation at A98G across all isolates. The number of NANP repeats varied across the three Kenyan sites within the central repeat region. …”
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Prospects for enhancing malaria vaccine efficacy by combining pre-erythrocytic antigens by Atcheson, E

“…Two of the protective epitopes, (NANP)6 and (ADGN long) were combined and found to enhance protective efficacy as predicted by the mathematical model. …”

Genetic polymorphism of circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum among Chinese migrant workers returning from Africa to Henan Province by Zhi-quan He, Qun-qun Zhang, Dan Wang, Ya-bo Hu, Rui-min Zhou, Dan Qian, Cheng-yun Yang, De-ling Lu, Su-hua Li, Ying Liu, Hong-wei Zhang

“…The number of repeats of tetrapeptide motifs (NANP/NVDP/NPNP/NVDA) in the central repeat region ranged mainly from 39 to 42 (97.51%, 196/201). …”
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Models to predict milk fat concentration and yield of lactating dairy cows: A meta-analysis by V.L. Daley, L.E. Armentano, M.D. Hanigan

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Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of <i>Trueperella pyogenes</i> Isolated from Infections in European Bison (<i>Bison bonasus</i>) by Ewelina Kwiecień, Ilona Stefańska, Magdalena Kizerwetter-Świda, Dorota Chrobak-Chmiel, Anna Didkowska, Wojciech Bielecki, Wanda Olech, Krzysztof Anusz, Magdalena Rzewuska

“…All studied strains carried the <i>plo</i> gene, while the <i>nanH</i> (25.6%), <i>nanP</i> (23.1%), <i>cbpA</i> (7.7%), <i>fimA</i> (97.4%), <i>fimC</i> (69.2%), <i>fimE</i> (92.3%) and <i>fimG</i> (15.4%) genes were present with a variable frequency among the tested strains. …”
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