Autoantibodies in neuromuscular transmission disorders. by Vincent, A

“…Baldev Singh by reviewing the field of autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis and other neurotransmission disorders. The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the site of a number of different autoimmune and genetic disorders, and it is also the target of many neurotoxins from venomous snakes, spiders, scorpions and other species. …”

Antidepressants: current concepts of mode of action. by Cowen, P

“…Further investigations are required to assess whether alterations in 5-HT neurotransmissions are important in the therapeutic action of antidepressant treatment.…”

Major depression disorder - etiology and treatment by Paulina Czuchryta, Rafał Babiak, Karolina Bajak, Anastazja Domańska, Agnieszka Gawęda, Agata Grabek, Julia Rutkowska, Żaneta Rzęsa-Tokarczyk, Klaudia Skorek, Agnieszka Urbańczyk

“…State of knowledge: The development of MDD is influenced by genetic factors, inflammatory factors and hormonal disorders, changes in the structure of the brain, disorders in neurotransmission. The microbiome-gut-brain axis affects mood regulation and neurotransmission in the brain. …”
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Association Study of the <i>SLC1A2</i> (rs4354668), <i>SLC6A9</i> (rs2486001), and <i>SLC6A5</i> (rs2000959) Polymorphisms in Major Depressive Disorder by Patryk Rodek, Małgorzata Kowalczyk, Jan Kowalski, Aleksander Owczarek, Piotr Choręza, Krzysztof Kucia

“…Glycine modulates excitatory neurotransmission. The clearance of synaptic glycine is performed by glycine transporters encoded by <i>SLC6A9</i> and <i>SLC6A5</i>. …”
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Prolonged Zaleplon Treatment Increases the Expression of Proteins Involved in GABAergic and Glutamatergic Signaling in the Rat Hippocampus by Jelena Martinovic, Janko Samardzic, Marina Zaric Kontic, Sanja Ivkovic, Sanja Dacic, Tamara Major, Milica Radosavljevic, Dubravka Svob Strac

“…Our results, showing that zaleplon enhances GABA neurotransmission in the hippocampus, were not surprising. …”
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Differential Modulation of Dorsal Raphe Serotonergic Activity in Rat Brain by the Infralimbic and Prelimbic Cortices by Elena López-Terrones, Verónica Paz, Leticia Campa, Sara Conde-Berriozabal, Mercè Masana, Francesc Artigas, Maurizio S. Riga

“…Boosting excitatory neurotransmission in the IL—but not in the prelimbic cortex, PrL—evokes depressive-like or antidepressant-like behaviors in rodents, which are associated with changes in serotonergic (5-HT) neurotransmission. …”
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Dysregulation of epithelial ion transport and neurochemical changes in the colon of a parkinsonian primate by Erika Coletto, Iain R. Tough, Sara Pritchard, Atsuko Hikima, Michael J. Jackson, Peter Jenner, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Helen M. Cox, Mahmoud M. Iravani, Sarah Rose

“…This study suggests that MPTP treatment produces long-term alterations in colonic mucosal function associated with amplified muscarinic mucosal activity but decreased cholinergic innervation in myenteric plexi and increased nitrergic enteric neurotransmission. This suggests that long-term changes in either central or peripheral dopaminergic neurotransmission may lead to adaptive changes in colonic function resulting in alterations in ion transport across mucosal epithelia that may result in GI dysfunction in PD.…”
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NKCC1 and KCC2: Structural insights into phospho-regulation by Anna-Maria Hartmann, Anna-Maria Hartmann, Hans Gerd Nothwang, Hans Gerd Nothwang, Hans Gerd Nothwang

“…Inhibitory neurotransmission plays a fundamental role in the central nervous system, with about 30–50% of synaptic connections being inhibitory. …”
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Pathophysiology of Cerebellar Degeneration in Mitochondrial Disorders: Insights from the <i>Harlequin</i> Mouse by Miguel Fernández de la Torre, Carmen Fiuza-Luces, Sara Laine-Menéndez, Aitor Delmiro, Joaquín Arenas, Miguel Ángel Martín, Alejandro Lucia, María Morán

“…The proteomic analysis showed that beyond the expected deregulation of oxidative phosphorylation, the cerebellum of <i>Hq</i> mice showed a marked astroglial activation together with alterations in Ca²⁺ homeostasis and neurotransmission, with an up- and downregulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, respectively, and the downregulation of cerebellar “long-term depression”, a synaptic plasticity phenomenon that is a major player in the error-driven learning that occurs in the cerebellar cortex. …”
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Unexpected Effect of IL-1β on the Function of GABA_A Receptors in Pediatric Focal Cortical Dysplasia by Veronica Alfano, Alessia Romagnolo, James D. Mills, Pierangelo Cifelli, Alessandro Gaeta, Alessandra Morano, Angelika Mühlebner, Eleonora Aronica, Eleonora Palma, Gabriele Ruffolo

“…The synaptic dysfunctions leading to intractable seizures in this disease appear to have a tight relationship with the immaturity of GABAergic neurotransmission. The likely outcome would include hyperpolarizing responses upon activation of GABA_ARs. …”
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Glutamine Supplementation Preserves Glutamatergic Neuronal Activity in the Infralimbic Cortex, Which Delays the Onset of Mild Cognitive Impairment in 3×Tg-AD Female Mice by Ji Hyeong Baek, Jae Soon Kang, Miyoung Song, Dong Kun Lee, Hyun Joon Kim

“…It was recently found that glutamine (Gln) supplementation activates glutamatergic neurotransmission and prevents chronic-stress-induced mild cognitive impairment (MCI). …”
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Epigenetic regulation of GABAergic differentiation in the developing brain by Juanmei Gao, Juanmei Gao, Yuhao Luo, Yufang Lu, Xiaohua Wu, Peiyao Chen, Xinyu Zhang, Lu Han, Mengsheng Qiu, Mengsheng Qiu, Wanhua Shen

“…In the vertebrate brain, GABAergic cell development and neurotransmission are important for the establishment of neural circuits. …”
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Sterol derivative binding to the orthosteric site causes conformational changes in an invertebrate Cys-loop receptor by Steven De Gieter, Casey I Gallagher, Eveline Wijckmans, Diletta Pasini, Chris Ulens, Rouslan G Efremov

“…Because of their critical function in neurotransmission and high potential as drug targets, Cys-loop receptors from humans and closely related organisms have been thoroughly investigated, whereas molecular mechanisms of neurotransmission in invertebrates are less understood. …”
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In Vivo Serotonin 5-HT2A Receptor Availability and Its Relationship with Aggression Traits in Healthy Individuals: A Positron Emission Tomography Study with C-11 MDL100907 by Jeong-Hee Kim, Hang-Keun Kim, Young-Don Son, Jong-Hoon Kim

“…Serotonergic neurotransmission has been associated with aggression in several psychiatric disorders. …”
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Differential regulation of synchronous versus asynchronous neurotransmitter release by the C2 domains of synaptotagmin 1 by Yoshihara, Motojiro, Guan, Zhuo, Littleton, J. Troy

“…Mutations in the synaptic vesicle Ca[superscript 2+] sensor Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt 1) reduce synchronous neurotransmission while enhancing the slower asynchronous phase of release. …”
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Effects of Goldblatt hypertension on rats’ hippocampal cholinergic system by Sepehri Hamid, Ganji Farzaneh, Nazari Zahra, Vahid Marzieh

“…Since the cholinergic neurotransmission in the hippocampus is crucial for these functions, this study aims to evaluate the hippocampal angiotensin receptors (ATs) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) mRNA in the renovascular hypertensive rats in captopril- and losartan-treated hypertensive rats.…”
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Use of fluorescent probes to follow membrane traffic in nerve terminals by Guatimosim C., Romano-Silva M.A., Gomez M.V., Prado M.A.M.

“…The maintenance of neurotransmission depends on the constant recycling of synaptic vesicles and important insights have been gained by visualization of vesicles with the vital dye FM1-43. …”
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Roles of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptors (NMDARs) in Epilepsy by Shuang Chen, Da Xu, Liu Fan, Zhi Fang, Xiufeng Wang, Man Li

“…NMDARs belong to a family of ionotropic glutamate receptors that play essential roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity in the mammalian CNS. …”
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Diabetes and associated cognitive disorders: Role of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal axis by Nathalie Marissal-Arvy, Marie-Pierre Moisan

“…Many levels of the brain function (structure, volume, neurogenesis, neurotransmission, behavior) are involved. In this review, we detailed the part potentially played by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary Adrenal axis in these dysfunctions. …”
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Sepsis-associated encephalopathy: not just delirium by Fernando Godinho Zampieri, Marcelo Park, Fabio Santana Machado, Luciano Cesar Pontes Azevedo

“…The pathophysiology of sepsis-associated encephalopathy involves direct cellular damage to the brain, mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction and disturbances in neurotransmission. This review describes the most recent findings in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of sepsis-associated encephalopathy and focuses on its many presentations.…”
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