News Satire: Giving the News a Memory by Laura Basu

“…In response to this journalistic crisis, what has been termed the “fifth estate” – news satire – has flourished globally in recent years. …”
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Moral Judgment and Social Critique in Journalistic News Satire by Sara Ödmark

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“Ignorance is strength” by Ida Klitgård

“… The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how Danish textual news satire constructs its social critique of the many Facebook users whose comments during COVID-19 imitate expert statements in disregard of authoritative health science statements. …”
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Shades of Fake News: Manifestation, Effects and Ways to Combat False Information by Alexandru Cristian Dumitrache

“…This paper addresses the complex concept of fake news, presenting its significance and highlighting its different types, from propaganda to news satire; the moderators of the fake news effects and the ways to counter disinformation. …”
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Defining “fake news” : a typology of scholarly definitions by Tandoc, Edson Castro, Jr., Lim, Zheng Wei, Ling, Richard

“…An examination of 34 academic articles that used the term “fake news” between 2003 and 2017 resulted in a typology of types of fake news: news satire, news parody, fabrication, manipulation, advertising, and propaganda. …”
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An Overview of the Fake News Phenomenon: From Untruth-Driven to Post-Truth-Driven Approaches by Raúl Rodríguez-Ferrándiz

“…Results also show that the “viral” and “memetic” quality of a rumor prevail over the demonstrable credibility of a source and even the factuality of a reported event; the element of surprise or outrage in the heat of the moment is more powerful than the ironic detachment elicited by news satire and parody; and sharing motivations are definitely less concerned with perceived accuracy than with partisan support, community sentiment, emotional contagion, and a taste for the sensational or bizarre.…”
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