Seasonal and Simultaneous Cleistogamy in Rostrate Violets (<i>Viola</i>, subsect. <i>Rostratae</i>, Violaceae) by Ali Ammarellou, Justyna Żabicka, Aneta Słomka, Jerzy Bohdanowicz, Thomas Marcussen, Elżbieta Kuta

“…In most sections of Northern Hemisphere violets, cleistogamy is seasonal, and CH and CL flowers develop sequentially in the season. …”
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Determination of tropical belt widening using multiple GNSS radio occultation measurements by M. Darrag, M. Darrag, S. Jin, S. Jin, S. Jin, A. Calabia, A. Samy

“…Applying both metrics, the determined TELs using GNSS have expansive behavior in the Northern Hemisphere (NH), while in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) there are no significant trends. …”
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Long-term response of diatoms in high-elevation streams influenced by rock glaciers by Łukasz Peszek, Barbara Kawecka, Christopher T. Robinson

“…The novelty of this work is that covers a unique heterogeneous aquatic environment in the Alps affected by climate change, an area where the temperature has increased over twofold more than other regions in the northern hemisphere. This long-term study provides the opportunity of forecasting how other alpine freshwater ecosystems globally may change in the future. …”
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Sensitivity of the interannual variability of mineral aerosol simulations to meteorological forcing dataset by Smith, Molly B., Mahowald, Natalie M., Albani, Samuel, Perry, Aaron, Losno, Remi, Qu, Zihan, Marticorena, Beatrice, Ridley, David Andrew, Heald, Colette L.

“…Because of the large variability, at least 1 year of observations at most sites are needed to correctly observe the mean, but in some regions, particularly the remote oceans of the Southern Hemisphere, where interannual variability may be larger than in the Northern Hemisphere, 2–3 years of data are likely to be needed.…”
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Gulf stream temperature, salinity and transport during the last millennium by Lund, David Charles

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Slope/shelf circulation and cross-slope/shelf transport out of a bay driven by eddies from the open ocean by Zhang, Yu

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Sulfuryl fluoride in the global atmosphere by Muhle, Jens, Huang, J., Weiss, R. F., Miller, Benjamin R., Salameh, P. K., Harth, C. M., Fraser, P. J., Porter, L. W., Greally, B. R., O'Doherty, Simon, Simmonds, P. G., Prinn, Ronald G

“…The global tropospheric background concentration of SO[subscript 2]F[subscript 2] has increased by 5 ± 1% per year from ∼0.3 ppt (parts per trillion, dry air mol fraction) in 1978 to ∼1.35 ppt in May 2007 in the Southern Hemisphere, and from ∼1.08 ppt in 1999 to ∼1.53 ppt in May 2007 in the Northern Hemisphere. The SO[subscript 2]F[subscript 2] interhemispheric concentration ratio was 1.13 ± 0.02 from 1999 to 2007. …”
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Properties of an Earth-Like Planet Orbiting a Sun-Like Star: Earth Observed by the EPOXI Mission by Livengood, Timothy A., Deming, Drake, A'Hearn, Michael F., Charbonneau, David, Hewagama, Tilak, Lisse, Carey M., McFadden, Lucy A., Meadows, Victoria S., Robinson, Tyler D., Seager, Sara, Wellnitz, Dennis D.

“…NASA's EPOXI mission observed the disc-integrated Earth and Moon to test techniques for reconnoitering extrasolar terrestrial planets, using the Deep Impact flyby spacecraft to observe Earth at the beginning and end of Northern Hemisphere spring, 2008, from a range of 1/6 to 1/3 AU. …”
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Mars atmospheric CO[subscript 2] condensation above the north and south poles as revealed by radio occultation, climate sounder, and laser ranging observations by Hu, Renyu, Cahoy, Kerri, Zuber, Maria

“…By comparison with the seasonal polar cap masses inferred from the time-varying gravity of Mars, our estimates indicate that the average condensate particle radius is 8–22 μm in the northern hemisphere and 4–13 μm in the southern hemisphere. …”
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TransCom N[subscript 2]O model inter-comparison – Part 2: Atmospheric inversion estimates of N[subscript 2]O emissions by Thompson, R. L., Ishijima, K., Corazza, M., Karstens, U., Patra, P. K., Bergamaschi, P., Chevallier, F., Dlugokencky, E., Weiss, R. F., O'Doherty, Simon, Fraser, P. J., Steele, L. P., Krummel, P. B., Vermeulen, A., Tohjima, Y., Jordan, Andres, Haszpra, L., Steinbacher, M., Van der Laan, S., Aalto, T., Meinhardt, F., Popa, M. E., Moncrieff, J., Bousquet, P., Saikawa, Eri, Prinn, Ronald G.

“…Emissions from the northern mid- to high latitudes are likely to be more important, with a consistent shift in emissions from the tropics and subtropics to the mid- to high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere; the emission ratio for 0–30° N to 30–90° N ranges from 1.5 to 1.9 compared with 2.9 to 3.0 in previous estimates. …”
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Atmospheric trace metals over the south-west Indian Ocean: Total gaseous mercury, aerosol trace metal concentrations and lead isotope ratios by Witt, M, Mather, T, Baker, A, De Hoog, J, Pyle, D

“…TGM was 1.05-1.51ngm-3 during the cruise (average 1.2ngHgm-3), towards the lower end of mercury levels observed over oceans in the northern hemisphere. The TGM data appears to show a concentration gradient over the cruise with increasing concentrations at more northern locations closer to the inter-tropical convergence zone. …”

Description and evaluation of aerosol in UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 CMIP6 historical simulations by Mulcahy, JP, Johnson, C, Jones, CG, Povey, AC, Scott, CE, Sellar, A, Turnock, ST, Woodhouse, MT, Abraham, NL, Andrews, MB, Bellouin, N, Browse, J, Carslaw, KS, Dalvi, M, Folberth, GA, Glover, M, Grosvenor, DP, Hardacre, C, Hill, R, Johnson, B, Jones, A, Kipling, Z, Mann, G, Mollard, J, O'Connor, FM, Palmiéri, J, Reddington, C, Rumbold, ST, Richardson, M, Schutgens, NAJ, Stier, P, Stringer, M, Tang, Y, Walton, J, Woodward, S, Yool, A

“…Simulated aerosol number concentrations are generally within a factor of 2 of the observations, with both models tending to overestimate number concentrations over remote ocean regions, apart from at high latitudes, and underestimate over Northern Hemisphere continents. Finally, a new primary marine organic aerosol source is implemented in UKESM1 for the first time. …”

Variability in the polar vortex and its interaction with the climate system by Dimdore-Miles, OB

“…<p>Variability in the strength of the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex is an important climate feature. …”

Hunting for water with MCS by Lolachi, R

“…In the final part, a two-stage retrieval method was applied to MCS observations for MY28 northern hemisphere summer (Ls=111–173°). Nightside vertical profiles of water vapour were retrieved for the first time showing interaction with the aphelion cloud belt directly. …”

Climate impacts of stratospheric particle injection by Driscoll, S

“…</p> <p>The ability of the climate models submitted to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) database is assessed, with a particular focus on dynamical changes in the Northern Hemisphere winter period. These models fail to capture the observed NH dynamical response following eruptions, which is of concern for the accuracy of geoengineering modelling studies that assess the atmospheric response to sulphate aerosol geoengineering.…”

Cassini Saturn polar velocity fields by Antuñano, A, del Río Gaztelurrutia, T, Hueso, R, Read, P, Sanchez-Lavega, A

“…As fully described in that paper, these measurements were derived from sets of Cassini Orbiter Imaging Sub-System (ISS) Wide Angle Camera (WAC) and Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) images using the continuum band CB2 and CB3 filters, acquired for the northern hemisphere in June 2013 and for the southern hemisphere using WAC CB2 and CB3 images taken in October 2006 and December 2008. …”

Advection and removal of Pb-210 and stable Pb isotopes in the oceans: A general circulation model study by Henderson, G, Maier-Reimer, E

“…And the model suggests natural Pb concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere an order of magnitude higher than in the Southern Hemisphere. …”

Reconstructing past flow rates of southern component water masses using sedimentary 231Pa/230Th by Hickey, B

“…</p> <p>On millenial timescales, ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th values in deep cores GeoB 2109 and GeoB 2112 (4010 m) indicate enhanced production of AABW during northern hemisphere stadials, when variations in ²³¹Pa/²³⁰Th records are of opposite sign between hemispheres, supporting a possible bipolar seesaw relationship in deep water formation between hemispheres. …”

Continued increase of CFC-113a (CCl3CF3) mixing ratios in the global atmosphere: Emissions, occurrence and potential sources by Adcock, Karina E., Reeves, Claire E., Gooch, Lauren J., Leedham Elvidge, Emma C., Ashfold, Matthew J., Brenninkmeijer, Carl A.M., Chou, Charles, Fraser, Paul J., Langenfelds, Ray L., Mohd Hanif, Norfazrin, O'Doherty, Simon, Oram, David E., Ou-Yang, Chang-Feng, Phang, Siew Moi, Samah, Azizan Abu, Röckmann, Thomas, Sturges, William T., Laube, Johannes C.

“…The continued presence of northern hemispheric emissions of CFC-113a is confirmed by our measurements of a persistent interhemispheric gradient in its mixing ratios, with higher mixing ratios in the Northern Hemisphere. …”

Influence of the previous North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) on the spring dust aerosols over North China by Y. Li, F. Xu, J. Feng, M. Du, W. Song, C. Li, C. Li, W. Zhao, W. Zhao

“…<p>The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) has been confirmed to be closely related to the weather and climate in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere; however, its effect and mechanism upon the formation of dust events (DEs) in China have rarely been discussed. …”
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