The economy of empire building: wild ginseng, sable fur, and the multiple trade networks of the early Qing dynasty, 1583-1644 by Sun, L

“…Previous academic scholarship in Chinese, Japanese, and English focuses on the bilateral trade connections between Nurhaci and Ming China. The primary aim of this thesis, however, is to counter this scholarship by differentiating between the achievements of Hong Taiji and those of Nurhaci over the course of the early Qing empire building. …”