33 million year old Myotis (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) and the rapid global radiation of modern bats. by Gregg F Gunnell, Richard Smith, Thierry Smith

“…Paleogene members of both major suborders of Chiroptera (Yangochiroptera and Yinpterochiroptera) include extant genera indicating early establishment of successful and long-term adaptive strategies as bats underwent an explosive radiation near the beginning of the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum in the Old World. A second bat adaptive radiation in the New World began coincident with the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum.…”
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Fine-scale phylogeographic structure of Borrelia lusitaniae revealed by multilocus sequence typing. by Liliana R Vitorino, Gabriele Margos, Edward J Feil, Margarida Collares-Pereira, Libia Zé-Zé, Klaus Kurtenbach

“…Borrelia lusitaniae is an Old World species of the Lyme borreliosis (LB) group of tick-borne spirochetes and prevails mainly in countries around the Mediterranean Basin. …”
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The comparative lake ecology of two allopatric Arctic Charr, Salvelinus alpinus, populations with differing life histories in Cumberland Sound, Nunavut by Angela L. Young, Ross F. Tallman

“…Arctic Charr (Salvelinus alpinus (Linnaeus, 1758)) populations are prevalent throughout the Arctic and show multiple life history strategies across their range. Unlike Old World populations, the lake ecology of Arctic Charr populations on south Baffin Island remains poorly defined. …”
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Genomic Organization of Leishmania Species by B Kazemi

“…Several transcripts of rDNA in the Leishmania genome are suitable regions for conducting gene transfer. Old World Leishmania spp. has 36 chromosomes, while New World Leishmania spp. has 34 or 35 chromo­somes. …”
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Respiratory Animal Models in the Common Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) by Christoph Curths, Sascha Knauf, Franz-Josef Kaup

“…Translational animal models of various pulmonary diseases in marmosets have been developed in favor of models in old world monkeys (OWM, e.g., rhesus or cynomolgus monkeys). …”
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Comparative analysis of biological aspects of Leishmania infantum strains. by Taiana Ferreira-Paes, Karen Dos Santos Charret, Merienny Ramos da Silva Ribeiro, Raquel Ferreira Rodrigues, Leonor Laura Leon

“…Leishmania infantum infantum (LII) is one of the species that causes visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in the Old World, while L. infantum chagasi (LIC) is present in the New World. …”
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Bumblebees of the hypnorum-complex world-wide including two new near-cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Apidae) by Paul H. Williams, Phurpa Dorji, Zongxin Ren, Zhenghua Xie, Michael Orr

“… The hypnorum-complex of bumblebees (in the genus Bombus Latreille, 1802) has been interpreted as consisting of a single widespread Old-World species, Bombus hypnorum (Linnaeus, 1758) s. lat., and its closely similar sister species in the New World, B. perplexus Cresson, 1863. …”
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Low genetic diversity in Melanaphis sacchari aphid populations at the worldwide scale. by Samuel Nibouche, Benjamin Fartek, Stelly Mississipi, Hélène Delatte, Bernard Reynaud, Laurent Costet

“…The anholocyclic aphid Melanaphis sacchari is a pest of sugarcane and sorghum which originated in the old world, was introduced into the Americas, and is now distributed worldwide. …”
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Harmonized clinical trial methodologies for localized cutaneous leishmaniasis and potential for extensive network with capacities for clinical evaluation by Olliaro, P, Grogl, M, Boni, M, Carvalho, EM, Chebli, H, Cisse, M, Diro, E, Cota, G, Erber, AC, Gadisa, E, Handjani, F, Khamesipour, A, Llanos-Cuentas, A, Carvajal, L, Grout, L, Lmimouni, BE, Mokni, M, Nahzat, MS, Salah, A, Ozbel, Y, Pascale, JM, Molina, N, Rode, J, Romero, G, Ruiz-Postigo, JA

“…A sizable number of trials conducted over the years has generated only weak evidence backing current treatment recommendations, as shown by systematic reviews on old-world and new-world CL (OWCL and NWCL).Using a previously published guidance paper on CL treatment trial methodology as the reference, consensus was sought on key parameters including core eligibility and outcome measures, among OWCL (7 countries, 10 trial sites) and NWCL (7 countries, 11 trial sites) during two separate meetings.Findings and level of consensus within and between OWCL and NWCL sites are presented and discussed. …”

Sickle haemoglobin, haemoglobin C and malaria mortality feedbacks by Goncalves, B, Gupta, S, Penman, B

“…Despite the fact that the blood disorder caused by homozygosity for HbC is much less severe than that caused by homozygosity for HbS (sickle cell anaemia), it is the sickle mutation which has come to dominate many old-world malarious regions, whilst HbC is highly restricted in its geographical distribution. …”

Social structure as a strategy to mitigate the costs of group living: a comparison of gelada and guereza monkeys by Dunbar, R

“…To explore this, I compare network indices and fertility patterns across the same range of group sizes for two species of Old World monkeys, Colobus guereza and Theropithecus gelada: the former relatively unsocial, the latter intensely social with frequent use of grooming-based alliances. …”

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes: From epidemiology to clinical practice by Magiorkinis, E, Magiorkinis, G, Hatzakis, A

“…As far as the scenario of zoonosis is concerned, it should be noted that HBV has been isolated from non-human primates but not from old world monkeys. Regarding the association between genotype and phenotype, other differences have been observed as far as the prevalence of mutations which are connected with important viral biological properties are concerned, such as precore mutants and basal core promoter mutants. …”

Molecular genetics of the Peninsular Malaysian termite genus Odontotermes by Cheng, Shawn

“…Termites of the genus Odontotermes (Macrotermitinae) are important decomposers in the Old World tropics. Species within the genus have overlapping size ranges and are difficult to differentiate based on morphology. …”
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World society in the 21st century: Some reflections in philosophy by P., Vijandran

“…The millennium old world civilization has come across a plethora of clashes among different communities. …”
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Primates (Animal Group That Contains Prosimians and Simians) / by Pham, Jospeh, author 648809

“…The New World monkeys include the capuchin, howler and squirrel monkeys, and the catarrhines include the Old World monkeys (such as baboons and macaques) and the European as well. …”
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Metataxonomics reveal vultures as a reservoir for Clostridium perfringens by Xiangli Meng, Shan Lu, Jing Yang, Dong Jin, Xiaohong Wang, Xiangning Bai, Yumeng Wen, Yiting Wang, Lina Niu, Changyun Ye, Ramon Rosselló-Móra, Jianguo Xu

“…The Old World vulture may carry and spread pathogens for emerging infections since they feed on the carcasses of dead animals and participate in the sky burials of humans, some of whom have died from communicable diseases. …”
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Russet Sparrows spot alien chicks from their nests by Juan Huo, Canchao Yang, Tongping Su, Wei Liang, Anders Pape Møller

“…Methods Sparrows Ploceidae are widespread throughout the Old World, and they have a suitable diet for rearing cuckoos, but still they are rarely exploited by brood parasites. …”
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Islamic fundamentalism, nation- state and global citizenship: the case of Hizb ut-Tahrir by Asep Muhammad Iqbal, Zulkifli Zulkifli

“…Focusing on the case of Hizb ut-Tahrir, it shows that regardless of its utopian nature of the ideology it pro- motes, Islamic fundamentalism is a globalizing force that constitutes a return of old world religions to modern society, which is characterised by its rejec- tion of the validity of nation-states and vision of a global citizenship through the establishment of Islamic Caliphate as a single global community of believ- ers (ummah) with its universalistic rules and laws within contemporary Mus- lim world. …”
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The Aenictus ceylonicus species group (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Aenictinae) from Southeast Asia by Weeyawat Jaitrong Jaitrong, Seiki Yamane

“…The genus Aenictus is a diverse group of army ants in the Old World tropics and subtropics. The Southeast Asian species of the Aenictus ceylonicus group are revised to include twenty-three species (4 named and 19 new species): Aenictus appressipilosus sp. n., A. baliensis sp. n., A. brevipodus sp. n., A. concavus sp. n., A. cylindripetiolus sp. n., A. eguchii sp. n., A. formosensis Forel, 1913 stat. n., A. fuchuanensis Zhou, 2001, A. gonioccipus sp. n., A. itoi sp. n., A. jawadwipa sp. n., A. khaoyaiensis sp. n., A. lifuiae Terayama, 1984, A. longicephalus sp. n., A. maneerati sp. n., A. minipetiolus sp. n., A. pilosus sp. n., A. pinkaewi sp. n., A. sundalandensis sp. n., A. thailandianus Terayama & Kubota, 1993, A. watanasiti sp. n., A. wilaiae sp. n., and A. wiwatwitayai sp. n. …”
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Primate malarias: Diversity, distribution and insights for zoonotic Plasmodium by Christina Faust, Andrew P. Dobson

“…The diversity of malaria parasites is especially uncertain in regions of low sampling such as Madagascar, and taxonomic groups such as African Old World Monkeys and gibbons. Presence–absence data of malaria across primates enables us to highlight the close association of forested regions and non-human primate malarias. …”
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