The Ponto-Geniculo-Occipital (PGO) Waves in Dreaming: An Overview by Jin-Xian Gao, Guizhong Yan, Xin-Xuan Li, Jun-Fan Xie, Karen Spruyt, Yu-Feng Shao, Yi-Ping Hou

“…In this review, we summarize the role of PGO waves in potential neural circuits of two major theories, i.e., (1) dreams are generated by the activation of neural activity in the brainstem; (2) PGO waves signaling to the cortex. …”
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Rhythmicity in heart rate and its surges usher a special period of sleep, a likely home for PGO waves by Andreas A. Ioannides, Gregoris A. Orphanides, Lichan Liu

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The Transition Between Slow-Wave Sleep and REM Sleep Constitutes an Independent Sleep Stage Organized by Cholinergic Mechanisms in the Rostrodorsal Pontine Tegmentum by Carlos Carrera-Cañas, Miguel Garzón, Isabel de Andrés

“…In the different states, PGO waves were analyzed and power spectra obtained for the δ, θ, α, and β bands of the EEG from the frontal and occipital cortices, and for the θ hippocampal band. …”
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Concurrent Physiological Multisite-Recordings & Brain Imaging: Study of Dynamic Connectivity Related to System and Synaptic Memory Consolidation by Nikos K. Logothetis

“…Such state-marking events, including K complexes, spindles, hippocampal sharp wave ripples (SPW-R), and ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves, are in fact thought to regulate cognitive capacities, such as learning, memory encoding and consolidation, as well as memory-guided decision making. …”
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