Acute Heart Failure as a First Presentation of Pheochromocytoma Complicated with “Inverted” Takotsubo Syndrome by Jerrold Spapen, Jeroen de Filette, Stijn Lochy, Herbert Spapen

“…Pheochromocytoma is a rare catecholamine-secreting tumour arising from chromaffin cells within the adrenal medulla or extra-adrenal paraganglia. The pathognomonic quartet of paroxysmal hypertension, palpitations, headache, and diaphoresis is rarely present, and diagnosis is often delayed. …”
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Vanishing lung syndrome masquerading as pneumothorax in a smoker: Now you see me, now you do not by Dhruv Talwar, Amol Andhale, Sourya Acharya, Sunil Kumar, Deepak Talwar

“…Giant emphysematous bullae are a pathognomonic presentation with a preference towards the upper lobe of the lungs. …”
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Exceptional cause of bowel obstruction: rectal endometriosis mimicking carcinoma of Rectum - a case report by Selim Sassi, Mahdi Bouassida, Hassen Touinsi, Mohamed Mongi Mighri, Sonia Baccari, Fathi Chebbi, Khaled Bouzeidi, Sadok Sassi

“…However, endometriosis presenting as colon obstruction is rare and occurs in less than 1% of cases. The Lack of pathognomonic signs makes the diagnosis difficult, mostly because the main differential diagnosis is with neoplasm, even during the intervention. …”
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Psammomatoid ossifying fibroma of the ethmoid sinus with secondary intracranial aneurymal bone cyst: A case report and literature review by Salma S Al-Sharhan, Mona M Ashoor, Areej M AL-Nemer

“…Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF) is a rare, slowly progressive tumor of the extragnathic craniofacial bones, with a tendency toward locally aggressive behavior and recurrence. The pathognomonic histopathologic feature is the presence of spherical ossicles, which are similar to psammoma bodies. …”
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A Rare Cause of Type II Neovascularization: Unilateral Retinal Pigment Epithelium Dysgenesis by Berrak Şekeryapan Gediz

“…Fundus examination and imaging findings are almost pathognomonic and can facilitate diagnosis of this uncommon disease. …”
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Analysis of IgE turnover in non-sensitized and sensitized rats by Kazuhiko Hanashiro, Yoshihiro Tokeshi, Toshiyuki Nakasone, Masanori Sunagawa, Mariko Nakamura, Tadayoshi Kosugi

“…Background: Although the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) in the circulating blood are often elevated in patients with allergic diseases, such levels cannot always be considered as pathognomonic signs of allergy. The induction of allergic reactions in the tissue was inferred to be related to the amount of IgE passing through the vascular wall.…”
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Giant expanded perivascular spaces: literature review and description of a clinical case by E. A. Gavrilova, V. A. Ott, A. A. Yakovlev, S. A. Yakovlev, A. G. Smochilin

“…Knowing and ability to recognize pathognomonic radiological features can help to prevent excessive diagnostics and make the correct diagnose quickly. …”
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A case of sigmoid endometriosis difficult to differentiate from colon cancer by Matalliotakis Ioannis M, Antoniou Pavlos, Tzardi Maria, Koutroubakis Ioannis E, Dimoulios Philippos, Kouroumalis Elias A

“…<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Although endometriosis with sigmoid serosal involvement is not uncommon in women of childbearing age, the mucosal involvement is rare and differential diagnosis from colon cancer may be difficult due to the lack of pathognomonic symptoms and the poor diagnostic yield of colonoscopy and colonic biopsies.…”
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Simultaneous dual AV node antegrade conduction (2 for 1) and lower common pathway (2–1) block illustrate AVNRT physiology by Balaram Krishna Hanumanthu, Andrew Krummerman, Michael Grushko

“…This rare electrographic presentation is not only pathognomonic for AVNRT with lower common pathway block but also illustrates its dual conduction physiology. …”
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Acute schistosomiasis mansoni: revisited and reconsidered by José Roberto Lambertucci

“…Serology may help in diagnosis, but the finding of necrotic-exudative granulomata in a liver biopsy specimen is pathognomonic. Differentials include malaria, tuberculosis, typhoid fever, kala-azar, prolonged Salmonella bacteraemia, lymphoma, toxocariasis, liver abscesses and fever of undetermined origin. …”
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Post-mortem diagnostics in cases of sepsis. Part 2. Biochemical and morphological examinations by Marta Rorat, Tomasz Jurek, Krzysztof Simon

“…Although sepsis lacks pathognomonic lesions that can be identified by histopathological examination, it represents an intrinsic element of post-mortem diagnostics. …”
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The skin in Behçet's disease: Mucocutaneous findings and differential diagnosis by Seçil Vural, Ayşe Boyvat

“…The clinical skin manifestations are crucial for the diagnosis of BD, as there is no pathognomonic confirmatory laboratory test.…”
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Lateral medullary syndrome: Case report and review of literature by Khyati Thapliyal, Ashutosh Garg, Vivek P Singh

“…Thrombosis, embolization, or dissection of vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) often results into LMS. The most pathognomonic symptoms of LMS includes pain and temperature deficits on ipsilateral facial side and contralateral side of rest of the body, ipsilateral ataxia, vertigo, nystagmus, dysphagia, hoarseness, hiccups and Horner's syndrome. …”
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Effect of C-phycocyanin on HDAC3 and miRNA-335 in Alzheimer’s disease by Li Zhengyu, Gan Li, Yan Si, Yan Yufang, Huang Wei

“…Amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposits and neurofibrillary tangles containing tau proteins are the key pathognomonic manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). …”
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Candida Bezoars with Urinary Tract Obstruction in Two Women without Immunocompromising Conditions by Giuseppe Di Paola, Andrea Mogorovich, Girolamo Fiorini, Maria Giuseppa Cuttano, Francesca Manassero, Cesare Selli

“…Preoperative imaging is not pathognomonic; blood clots, radiolucent urinary calculi, air bubbles, and inflammatory debris can mimic urobezoars. …”
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Syphilis in Maria Salviati (1499–1543), Wife of Giovanni de’ Medici of the Black Bands by Antonio Fornaciari, Raffaele Gaeta, Simona Minozzi, Valentina Giuffra

“…These lesions are pathognomonic for syphilis. An ancient diagnosis of syphilis for Maria Salviati does not emerge from the historical sources, although the symptoms manifested in her last years of life are compatible with a colorectal localization, including severe hemorrhages, caused by syphilitic infection. …”
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DIAGNOSIS AND RX-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THE LIVER HEMANGIOMAS IN CHILDREN by E. I. Petrov, I. V. Kirgizov, Yu. A. Polyaev, R. V. Garbuzov, E. N. Tsygina

“…Of all the known today diagnostic techniques, angiography more precisely reveals the pathognomonic signs of the focus formations in the liver, especially hemangiomas, and allows to make a smooth transition from the stage of diagnosis to the treatment — i.e. endovascular occlusion of the hepatic artery [9]. …”
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Clinical diagnosis of LGI1 antibody encephalitis in an 83-year-old woman by Attwood, JE, Naseer, S, Michael, S, Riley, J

“…These were clinically recognised as faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS). FBDS are pathognomonic of an autoimmune encephalitis caused by an antibody directed against leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI1). …”

[Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X) in two brothers - clinical characteristics, diagnostics and genetic counselling issues]. by Szczałuba, K, Obersztyn, E, Nowakowska, B, Bernaciak, J, Fisher, C, Gibbons, R, Mazurczak, T, Bocian, E

“…Alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome (ATR-X) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with characteristic clinical picture as well as presence of pathognomonic haemoglobin H inclusions (HbH) on peripheral blood examination. …”

Using Clinical Vignettes to Understand the Complexity of Diagnosing Type 1 Diabetes in Sub-Saharan Africa by Le Bec E, Kam M, Aebischer Perone S, Boulle P, Cikomola JC, Gandur ME, Gehri M, Kehlenbrink S, Beran D

“…The main obstacles to diagnosis were low specificity of non-pathognomonic DKA symptoms and lack of tools to measure blood or urine glucose. …”
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