Idling for Decades: A European Study on Risk Factors Associated with the Delay Before a Narcolepsy Diagnosis by Zhang Z, Dauvilliers Y, Plazzi G, Mayer G, Lammers GJ, Santamaria J, Partinen M, Overeem S, del Rio Villegas R, Sonka K, Peraita-Adrados R, Heinzer R, Wierzbicka A, Högl B, Manconi M, Feketeova E, da Silva AM, Bušková J, Bassetti CLA, Barateau L, Pizza F, Antelmi E, Gool JK, Fronczek R, Gaig C, Khatami R

“…Pasteur Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic; 22Serviço de Neurofisiologia, Hospital Santo António/Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto and UMIB-Instituto Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; 23Department of Sleep Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic; 24Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; 25Department of Neurology, Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia; 26Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, ItalyCorrespondence: Yves Dauvilliers, National Reference Network for Narcolepsy, Sleep-Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, INSERM U1061, Montpellier, UM1, France, Email ydauvilliers@yahoo.fr Ramin Khatami, Center for Sleep Medicine, Sleep Research and Epileptology, Klinik Barmelweid AG, Barmelweid, CH-5017, Switzerland, Email ramin.khatami@barmelweid.chPurpose: Narcolepsy type-1 (NT1) is a rare chronic neurological sleep disorder with excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) as usual first and cataplexy as pathognomonic symptom. Shortening the NT1 diagnostic delay is the key to reduce disease burden and related low quality of life. …”
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Novel and Founder Pathogenic Variants in X-Linked Alport Syndrome Families in Greece by Despina Hadjipanagi, Gregory Papagregoriou, Constantina Koutsofti, Christiana Polydorou, Polichronis Alivanis, Aimilios Andrikos, Stalo Christodoulidou, Manthos Dardamanis, Athanasios A. Diamantopoulos, Anastasios Fountoglou, Eleni Frangou, Eleni Georgaki, Ioannis Giannikouris, Velissarios Gkinis, Pavlos C. Goudas, Rigas G. Kalaitzidis, Nikolaos Kaperonis, Georgios Koutroumpas, George Makrydimas, Grigorios Myserlis, Andromachi Mitsioni, Christos Paliouras, Fotios Papachristou, Dorothea Papadopoulou, Nikolaos Papagalanis, Aikaterini Papagianni, Garyfalia Perysinaki, Ekaterini Siomou, Konstantinos Sombolos, Ioannis Tzanakis, Georgios V. Vergoulas, Nicoletta Printza, Constantinos Deltas

“…The disease manifests in early childhood with persistent microhematuria and can progress to proteinuria and kidney failure in adolescence or early adulthood if left untreated. On biopsy, pathognomonic features include alternate thinning, thickening and lamellation of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), in the presence of podocyte foot process effacement. …”
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Pathogenesis of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease caused by vibrio spp. in whiteleg shrimp Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) by Muthukrishnan, Sarmila

“…strain NBP also demonstrated typical pathognomonic AHPND lesions during the histopathologic examination. …”
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The double-sided of human leukocyte antigen-G molecules in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis by Roberto Littera, Roberto Littera, Andrea Perra, Andrea Perra, Michela Miglianti, Ignazio S. Piras, Stefano Mocci, Sara Lai, Maurizio Melis, Teresa Zolfino, Cinzia Balestrieri, Maria Conti, Giancarlo Serra, Francesco Figorilli, Davide Firinu, Simona Onali, Laura Matta, Carmen Porcu, Francesco Pes, Daniela Fanni, Cristina Manieli, Monica Vacca, Roberto Cusano, Marcello Trucas, Selene Cipri, Stefania Tranquilli, Stefania Rassu, Federica Cannas, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Marta Anna Kowalik, Erika Giuressi, Gavino Faa, Luchino Chessa, Luchino Chessa, Luchino Chessa, Sabrina Giglio, Sabrina Giglio, Sabrina Giglio, Sabrina Giglio

“…However, our results open the debate on the ambiguous role of HLA-G molecules expressed by plasma cells, which are pathognomonic features of AIH-1.…”
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Role of stress and ameliorative effects of resveratrol on pathophysiological changes associated with experimental Brucella melitensis infection in non-pregnant boer does by Polycarp, Tanko

“…Although pathological lesions such as microgranuloma, periportal lymphocytic infiltration and necrosis in the liver and lungs are not pathognomonic to Brucella infection, these lesions were consistently observed in this study and it was therefore proposed that they should not be excluded in the differential diagnosis, should these lesions be observed.Treatment with resveratrol following dexamethasone administration was seen to significantly ameliorate damage induced by dexamethasone administration. …”
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Long-term effects of lumacaftor/ivacaftor on paranasal sinus abnormalities in children with cystic fibrosis detected with magnetic resonance imaging by Lena Wucherpfennig, Lena Wucherpfennig, Lena Wucherpfennig, Felix Wuennemann, Felix Wuennemann, Felix Wuennemann, Felix Wuennemann, Monika Eichinger, Monika Eichinger, Monika Eichinger, Angelika Seitz, Ingo Baumann, Mirjam Stahl, Mirjam Stahl, Mirjam Stahl, Simon Y. Graeber, Simon Y. Graeber, Simon Y. Graeber, Shengkai Zhao, Shengkai Zhao, Jaehi Chung, Jaehi Chung, Jens-Peter Schenk, Abdulsattar Alrajab, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Marcus A. Mall, Marcus A. Mall, Marcus A. Mall, Olaf Sommerburg, Olaf Sommerburg, Mark O. Wielpütz, Mark O. Wielpütz, Mark O. Wielpütz

“…Especially mucopyoceles pathognomonic for CRS in CF may cause complications such as spread of infection. …”
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Pictorial Essay of Named CT Signs in COVID-19 Pneumonia on High Resolution Computed Tomography by Chandrashekar Patil, Raja Kollu, Prashanth Kumar KS, Smitha Yesumalini Ravula

“…However, the other signs are not pathognomonic to COVID-19, they are still commonly seen.…”
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NANS-CDG: Delineation of the Genetic, Biochemical, and Clinical Spectrum by Bibiche den Hollander, Bibiche den Hollander, Bibiche den Hollander, Anne Rasing, Merel A. Post, Merel A. Post, Merel A. Post, Willemijn M. Klein, Machteld M. Oud, Marion M. Brands, Marion M. Brands, Lonneke de Boer, Udo F. H. Engelke, Peter van Essen, Sabine A. Fuchs, Sabine A. Fuchs, Charlotte A. Haaxma, Brynjar O. Jensson, Leo A. J. Kluijtmans, Leo A. J. Kluijtmans, Anna Lengyel, Klaske D. Lichtenbelt, Elsebet Østergaard, Elsebet Østergaard, Gera Peters, Ramona Salvarinova, Ramona Salvarinova, Marleen E. H. Simon, Kari Stefansson, Kari Stefansson, Ólafur Thorarensen, Ulrike Ulmen, Karlien L. M. Coene, Michèl A. Willemsen, Michèl A. Willemsen, Dirk J. Lefeber, Dirk J. Lefeber, Dirk J. Lefeber, Clara D. M. van Karnebeek, Clara D. M. van Karnebeek, Clara D. M. van Karnebeek, Clara D. M. van Karnebeek, Clara D. M. van Karnebeek

“…Biochemically, elevated urinary excretion of N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc) is pathognomonic, the concentrations of which show a significant correlation with clinical severity. …”
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Orbital Floor Fracture Reconstruction Using Conchal Auricular Cartilage Graft by Rubiliza DC. Onofre, Rene Louie C. Gutierrez

“…This gives a view of the whole orbital area and may reveal a pathognomonic “tear drop” sign, seen as an elliptical opacity underneath the inferior orbital rim, that represents orbital contents, usually orbital fat, that herniated through the fracture.1,3 However, facial computed tomography is still the most useful imaging tool in assessing orbital floor fractures.1,2,3,4  It is usually requested without contrast using 3 different cuts: coronal, axial and sagittal.   …”
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A clinical case of metastatic osteosarcoma in the heart cavity [Full text in English] by E. I. Iofe, V. G. Konov, E. B. Solovyev, I. I. Bridun

“…<p>Tumors of the heart are catalogued as a poorly studied area of clinical oncology because of an extreme rarity of this pathology, absence of pathognomonic symptoms, a large variety of clinical manifestations, and diagnostic complexity. …”
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An unusual case of cat scratch disease by Laura Perazzolo, Claudio Marengo, Manuela Quario

“…Both ultrasound and CT showed the presence of colliquative multiple nodes, as well as multiple areas of hypoechoic nodules in the liver and spleen, granulomas related to pathognomonics of the hepatosplenic form of disease. In spite of a silent medical history and the lack of exposure to animal or insects, he resulted positive to IgM anti-Bartonella, and the diagnosis of cat scratch disease was confirmed by biopsy. …”
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Lipid-rich and clear cell neuroendocrine tumors ("carcinoids") of the appendix: potential confusion with goblet cell carcinoid. by Chetty, R, Serra, S

“…Those associated with von Hippel Lindau disease are pathognomonically "clear" and the cytoplasmic appearance has been ascribed to intracytoplasmic lipid. …”

A comprehensive morphological study for basal-like breast carcinomas with comparison to nonbasal-like carcinomas by Cakir Asli, Gonul Ipek, Uluoglu Omer

“…</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>BLBCs have some distinctive, but not pathognomonical, morphological features. Paying attention to these features and adding cytokeratin14 and vimentin to the immunohistochemical panel can help the definitive diagnosis of BLBCs.…”
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Prominent tauopathy and intracellular β-amyloid accumulation triggered by genetic deletion of cathepsin D: implications for Alzheimer disease pathogenesis by Heather M. Terron, Sagar J. Parikh, Samer O. Abdul-Hay, Tomoko Sahara, Dongcheul Kang, Dennis W. Dickson, Paul Saftig, Frank M. LaFerla, Shelley Lane, Malcolm A. Leissring

“…Abstract Background Cathepsin D (CatD) is a lysosomal protease that degrades both the amyloid-β protein (Aβ) and the microtubule-associated protein, tau, which accumulate pathognomonically in Alzheimer disease (AD), but few studies have examined the role of CatD in the development of Aβ pathology and tauopathy in vivo. …”
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