Prenatal exposure to tap water containing nitrate and the risk of small-for-gestational-age: A nationwide register-based study of Danish births, 1991–2015 by Anja Søndergaard Jensen, Vanessa R. Coffman, Jörg Schullehner, Betina B. Trabjerg, Carsten B. Pedersen, Birgitte Hansen, Jørn Olsen, Marie Pedersen, Leslie T. Stayner, Torben Sigsgaard

“…Background: Prenatal nitrate exposure from household tap water has been associated with increased risk of fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, birth defects, and childhood cancer. We aim to examine the association between maternal consumption of drinking-water nitrate during pregnancy and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) in a nationwide study of Danish-born children, as only one prior study has examined this association. …”
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Thresholds of glycemia, insulin therapy, and risk for severe retinopathy in premature infants: A cohort study. by Elsa Kermorvant-Duchemin, Guylène Le Meur, Frank Plaisant, Laetitia Marchand-Martin, Cyril Flamant, Raphaël Porcher, Alexandre Lapillonne, Sylvain Chemtob, Olivier Claris, Pierre-Yves Ancel, Jean-Christophe Rozé

“…Adjustment for inverse propensity score (gestational age, sex, birth weight percentile, multiple birth, spontaneous preterm birth, main pregnancy complications, surfactant therapy, duration of oxygen exposure between birth and day 28, digestive state at day 7, caloric intake at day 7, and highest glycemia during the first week) and duration of oxygen therapy had a large but not significant effect on the association between insulin treatment and severe ROP (OR 0.40 [95% CI 0.13-1.24], p = 0.106). …”
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The early life course-related traits with three psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study by Renke He, Jiaying Mo, Kejing Zhu, Qinyu Luo, Xueying Liu, Hefeng Huang, Hefeng Huang, Hefeng Huang, Hefeng Huang, Hefeng Huang, Hefeng Huang, Jianzhong Sheng

“…No significant causal associations were observed between the remaining exposures and outcomes.Conclusion:Our results reveal the adverse effects of childhood obesity and preterm birth on the risk of ADHD later in life. The results of MVMR also show that lower BW may have no direct relationship with AD after adjusting for BMI. …”
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Ultra-sonografia transvaginal do colo para a predição do parto pré-termo em pacientes sintomáticas com bolsa íntegra Transvaginal ultrasound of the cervix for predicting premature... by Lívia Teresa Moreira Rios, Marília da Glória Martins, Rosy Ane de Jesus Barros, Giselly Duailibe Jansen, Claudio Rodrigues Pires, Rosiane Mattar

“…CONCLUSIONS: among women with persistent uterine contractions and intact membranes treated for preterm labor, a cervical length of less than 20 mm demonstrated a high likelihood of preterm birth. Transvaginal ultrasound may improve the accuracy of diagnosis in symptomatic women.…”
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Defining and reporting adverse events of special interest in comparative maternal vaccine studies: a systematic review by Hannah G Davies, Emma V Thorley, Rossul Al-Bahadili, Natalina Sutton, Jessica Burt, Lauren Hookham, Kostas Karampatsas, Philipp Lambach, Flor Muñoz, Clare L Cutland, Saad Omer, Kirsty Le Doare

“…The most frequently reported AESI were preterm birth, small for gestational age and hypertensive disorders. …”
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Process and costs for readiness to safely implement immediate kangaroo mother care: a mixed methods evaluation from the OMWaNA trial at five hospitals in Uganda by Melissa M. Medvedev, Victor Tumukunde, Charity Kirabo-Nagemi, Giulia Greco, Ivan Mambule, Kenneth Katumba, Peter Waiswa, Cally J. Tann, Diana Elbourne, Elizabeth Allen, Elizabeth Ekirapa-Kiracho, Catherine Pitt, Joy E. Lawn

“…Abstract Background Preterm birth complications result in > 1 million child deaths annually, mostly in low- and middle-income countries. …”
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Missed Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening Cases due to Immunoreactive Trypsinogen Levels below Program Cutoffs: A National Survey of Risk Factors by Martin Kharrazi, Charlene Sacramento, Anne Marie Comeau, Jaime E. Hale, Michele Caggana, Denise M. Kay, Rachel Lee, Brendan Reilly, John D. Thompson, Samya Z. Nasr, Mary Kleyn, Gary Hoffman, Mei W. Baker, Colleen Clarke, Cheryl L. Harris, M. Christine Dorley, Hilary Fryman, Ankit Sutaria, Amy Hietala, Holly Winslow, Holly Richards, Bradford L. Therrell

“…Factors associated with “low” CFFN subgroup were older age at specimen collection, Saturday birth, hotter season of newborn dried blood spot collection, maximum ≥ 3 days laboratories could be closed, preterm birth, and formula feeding newborns. Lowering IRT cutoffs may reduce “high” IRT CFFNs. …”
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Development of outcome-specific criteria for study evaluation in systematic reviews of epidemiology studies by Elizabeth G. Radke, Barbara Glenn, Audrey Galizia, Amanda Persad, Rebecca Nachman, Thomas Bateson, J. Michael Wright, Ana Navas-Acien, Whitney D. Arroyave, Robin C. Puett, Emily W. Harville, Anna Z. Pollack, Jane S. Burns, Courtney D. Lynch, Sharon K. Sagiv, Cheryl Stein, Glinda S. Cooper

“…Results: We discuss the application of this process to pregnancy-related outcomes (preterm birth, spontaneous abortion), other reproductive-related outcomes (male reproductive hormones, sperm parameters, time to pregnancy, pubertal development), chronic disease (diabetes, insulin resistance), and acute or episodic conditions (asthma, allergies), and provide examples of the criteria developed. …”
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Diagnostic Role of Cell-Free miRNAs in Identifying Placenta Accreta Spectrum during First-Trimester Screening by Angelika V. Timofeeva, Ivan S. Fedorov, Yuliya V. Suhova, Alla M. Tarasova, Larisa S. Ezhova, Tatyana M. Zabelina, Oksana N. Vasilchenko, Tatyana Y. Ivanets, Gennady T. Sukhikh

“…This leads to a high risk of massive blood loss, maternal hysterectomy, and preterm birth. Despite advancements in ultrasound protocols and found associations of alpha-fetoprotein, PAPP-A, hCG, PLGF, sFlt-1, IL-8, and IL-33 peripheral blood levels with PAS, there is a high need for an additional non-invasive test to improve the diagnostic accuracy and to select the real PAS from the suspected ones in the first-trimester screening. miRNA signatures of placental tissue, myometrium, and blood plasma from women with PAS in the third trimester of pregnancy, as well as miRNA profiles in exosomes from the blood serum of women in the first trimester with physiologically progressing pregnancy, complicated by PAS or pre-eclampsia, were obtained using deep sequencing. …”
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Exposure to outdoor residential noise during pregnancy, embryonic size, fetal growth, and birth outcomes by Naomi Graafland, Esmée Essers, Anke Posthumus, Dionne Gootjes, Albert Ambrós, Eric Steegers, Mònica Guxens

“…Information on neonatal anthropometrics at birth (head circumference, length, and weight) and adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, low birth weight, and small for gestational age) were retrieved from medical records. …”
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SARS-CoV-2 modulates virus receptor expression in placenta and can induce trophoblast fusion, inflammation and endothelial permeability by Chiara Agostinis, Miriam Toffoli, Mariagiulia Spazzapan, Andrea Balduit, Gabriella Zito, Alessandro Mangogna, Luisa Zupin, Tiziana Salviato, Serena Maiocchi, Serena Maiocchi, Federico Romano, Sergio Crovella, Francesco Fontana, Luca Braga, Marco Confalonieri, Giuseppe Ricci, Giuseppe Ricci, Uday Kishore, Uday Kishore, Roberta Bulla

“…However, how the infection impacts pregnant mothers is still being worked out due to evidence of vertical transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and higher incidence of pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, caesarian section, and fetal mortality. …”
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Severe form of COVID-19 in a neonate with resuscitated cardio-respiratory arrest - Case presentation by Gheorghita Jugulete, Andreea Madalina Panciu, Mihaela Safta, Bianca Borcos, Luminita Marin, Elena Gheorghe, Luciana Zah, Delia Negrea, Madalina Maria Merisescu

“…Rapid evolution to sever forms can be a possible disease outcome. Preterm birth with associated complications like bronchopulmonary dysplasia or anemia, can predispose to sever evolution of the disease, and this child must be kept safe. …”
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Safety and protective effects of maternal influenza vaccination on pregnancy and birth outcomes: A prospective cohort study by Hassen Mohammed, Claire T. Roberts, Luke E. Grzeskowiak, Lynne C. Giles, Gustaaf A. Dekker, Helen S. Marshall

“…Maternal influenza vaccination was not associated with spontaneous abortion (aHR 0•42, 95% CI 0•12, 1•45), chorioamnionitis (aRR 0•78, 95% CI, 0•32, 1•88), gestational hypertension (aHR 0•78, 95% CI 0•47, 1•29), pre-eclampsia (aHR 0.84, 95% CI 0•54, 1•27), gestational diabetes (aHR 1•16, 95% CI 0•82, 1•66) nor preterm birth (aHR 0•94, 95% CI 0•59, 1•49). No associations between antenatal influenza vaccination and congenital anomalies, admission to the neonatal care unit, low Apgar scores, and mechanical ventilation were observed. …”
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Effect of frozen-thawed embryo transfer with a poor-quality embryo and a good-quality embryo on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes by Cheng Zeng, Rui-Hui Lu, Xin Li, Sheng Wang, Yan-Rong Kuai, Qing Xue

“…For patients who underwent blastocyst-stage embryo transfer, DET-GQE + PQE had a greater LBR ([OR] 1.803, 95% CI 1.165–2.789), MBR ([OR] 24.185, 95% CI 3.285–178.062) and preterm birth rate (PBR, [OR] 4.092, 95% CI 1.153–14.518) than did SET-GQE in women under 35 years old, while no significant impact on the LBR ([OR] 1.053, 95% CI 0.589–1.884) or MBR (0% vs. 8.3%) was observed in women older than 35 years. …”
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The Use of Assisted Reproductive Technology by European Childhood Cancer Survivors by Anja Borgmann-Staudt, Simon Michael, Greta Sommerhaeuser, Marta-Julia Fernández-González, Lucía Alacán Friedrich, Stephanie Klco-Brosius, Tomas Kepak, Jarmila Kruseova, Gisela Michel, Anna Panasiuk, Sandrin Schmidt, Laura Lotz, Magdalena Balcerek

“…(ii) Multiple-sibling births (<i>p</i> < 0.001, 29.7% vs. 2.5%), low birth weight (<i>p</i> < 0.001; OR = 3.035, 95%-CI = 1.615–5.706), and preterm birth (<i>p</i> < 0.001; OR = 2.499, 95%-CI = 1.401–4.459) occurred significantly more often in survivor offspring following ART utilisation than in spontaneously conceived children. …”
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Streptococcus agalactiae Infects Glial Cells and Invades the Central Nervous System via the Olfactory and Trigeminal Nerves by Anu Chacko, Anu Chacko, Ali Delbaz, Ali Delbaz, Indra N. Choudhury, Indra N. Choudhury, Tanja Eindorf, Tanja Eindorf, Megha Shah, Megha Shah, Christopher Godfrey, Christopher Godfrey, Matthew J. Sullivan, James A. St John, James A. St John, James A. St John, Glen C. Ulett, Jenny A. K. Ekberg, Jenny A. K. Ekberg, Jenny A. K. Ekberg

“…Several species of bacteria can directly invade the CNS via the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, which extend between the nasal cavity and brain and injury to the nasal epithelium can increase the risk/severity of infection. Preterm birth is associated with increased risk of S. agalactiae infection and with nasogastric tube feeding. …”
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Increased Prostaglandin E2 in Brainstem Respiratory Centers Is Associated With Inhibition of Breathing Movements in Fetal Sheep Exposed to Progressive Systemic Inflammation by Vanesa Stojanovska, John Atta, Sharmony B. Kelly, Sharmony B. Kelly, Valerie A. Zahra, Eva Matthews-Staindl, Ilias Nitsos, Alison Moxham, Yen Pham, Stuart B. Hooper, Stuart B. Hooper, Eric Herlenius, Eric Herlenius, Robert Galinsky, Robert Galinsky, Graeme R. Polglase, Graeme R. Polglase

“…Antenatal inflammation is a common antecedent of preterm birth and inflammatory mediators, particularly prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), are associated with inhibition of vital brainstem respiratory centers. …”
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Complications and adverse outcomes in pregnancy and childbirth among women who conceived by assisted reproductive technologies: a nationwide birth cohort study of Japan environment... by Chie Nagata, Limin Yang, Kiwako Yamamoto-Hanada, Hidetoshi Mezawa, Tadayuki Ayabe, Kazue Ishizuka, Mizuho Konishi, Yukihiro Ohya, Hirohisa Saito, Haruhiko Sago, Japan Environment & Children’s Study Group

“…Neonates conceived by ART had a higher risk of preterm birth (conventional IVF-ET: 1.42 [1.13, 1.78]; ICSI: 1.31 [1.05, 1.64]). …”
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Impact of prepregnancy body mass index on adverse pregnancy outcomes: analysis from the Longitudinal Indian Family hEalth cohort studyAJOG MFM at a Glance by Monica Gudipally, MD, Fouzia Farooq, PhD, MPH, Kalpana Basany, MD, Catherine L. Haggerty, PhD, MPH, Gong Tang, PhD, Govindrao N. Kusneniwar, MD, Guru Rajesh Jammy, PhD, MPH, Clareann H. Bunker, PhD, P.S. Reddy, MD

“…STUDY DESIGN: We modeled the relationships between prepregnancy body mass index and adverse pregnancy outcomes such as low birthweight, preterm birth, cesarean delivery, intrauterine growth restriction, miscarriage, and fetal death among 675 women aged 15 to 35 years with singleton pregnancies in the Longitudinal Indian Family hEalth study, a population-based prospective pregnancy cohort study conducted in Telangana, India. …”
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 supplementation supports motor coordination and affects myelination in preterm pigs by Line I. Christiansen, Gemma C. Ventura, Bo Holmqvist, Karoline Aasmul-Olsen, Sandy E. H. Lindholm, Matthew D. Lycas, Yuki Mori, Jan Bojsen-Møller Secher, Douglas G. Burrin, Thomas Thymann, Per T. Sangild, Per T. Sangild, Per T. Sangild, Per T. Sangild, Stanislava Pankratova, Stanislava Pankratova

“…Gene expression analyses indicated enhanced maturation of the GABAergic system in the caudate nucleus (decreased NKCC1:KCC2 ratio) with limited effects in cerebellum or hippocampus.ConclusionSupplemental IGF-1 during the first three weeks after preterm birth may support motor function by enhancing GABAergic maturation in the caudate nucleus, despite reduced myelination. …”
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