Quantitative Evaluation of EEG-Biomarkers for Prediction of Sleep Stages by Iqram Hussain, Md Azam Hossain, Rafsan Jany, Md Abdul Bari, Musfik Uddin, Abu Raihan Mostafa Kamal, Yunseo Ku, Jik-Soo Kim

“…Delta wave power ratios (DAR, DTR, and DTABR) may be considered biomarkers for their characteristics of attenuation in NREM sleep and subsequent increase in REM sleep. The overall accuracy of the C5.0, Neural Network, and CHAID machine-learning models are 91%, 89%, and 84%, respectively, for multi-class classification of the sleep stages. …”
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Automatic Identification of Insomnia Based on Single-Channel EEG Labelled With Sleep Stage Annotations by Bufang Yang, Hongxing Liu

“…We constructed 4 subdatasets from EEG epochs based on the sleep stage annotations: All sleep stage dataset (ALL-DS), REM sleep stage dataset (REM-DS), light sleep stage dataset (LSS-DS), and SWS sleep stage dataset (SWS-DS). …”
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Neurophysiological Parameters Influencing Sleep–Wake Discrepancy in Insomnia Disorder: A Preliminary Analysis on Alpha Rhythm during Sleep Onset by Francesca Berra, Elisabetta Fasiello, Marco Zucconi, Francesca Casoni, Luigi De Gennaro, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Andrea Galbiati

“…Furthermore, the degree of SLm was associated with an increased probability of transitioning from stage 1 of non-REM sleep to wakefulness during subjective SL. These findings support the role of hyperarousal in SSM and highlight the importance of alpha activity in unravelling the heterogeneous underpinnings of SSM.…”
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Investigation and Analysis of Sleep Status in Patients with Vascular Depression by Rong-Hua Chen, Nan Liu, Yi-Chan Zhou, Ying-Chun Xiao

“…Conclusion: The characteristic PSG findings of the NVD patients were shortening REM sleep latency and REM disinhibition. Characteristics of VD with PSG patients were sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBD) and daytime sleepiness, and disorders of 24-h sleep structure. …”
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Assessment of Sleep, K-Complexes, and Sleep Spindles in a T21 Light-Dark Cycle by Scott H. Deibel, Ryan Rota, Hendrik W. Steenland, Hendrik W. Steenland, Karim Ali, Bruce L. McNaughton, Bruce L. McNaughton, Masami Tatsuno, Robert J. McDonald

“…In the current study, continuous local field potential recordings from five rats were used to assess the changes in aspects of behavior and sleep, including wheel running activity, quiet wakefulness, motionless sleep, slow wave sleep, REM sleep, K-complexes and sleep spindles, in rats exposed to six consecutive days of a T21 light-dark cycle (L9:D12). …”
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Effect of trazodone on sleep bruxism in children and adolescents 6-18 years of age, a pilot study by Fereshteh Shakibaei, Ali Gholamrezaei, Shahram Heidari

“…Based on the fact that sleep bruxism occurs most often in the second stage of non-REM sleep, this study aimed to assess the effect of trazodone on sleep bruxism.…”
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Effects of Hemsley Extract on the Sleep-Wake Architectures in Rats by Dae Wui Yoon, Sueng Mock Cho, Se Joong Kim, Je Hyeong Kim, Dong Soo Kim, Seung Hoon Lee, Chang-Ho Yun, Chol Shin

“…Neither any of the C. wilfordii dosages nor valerian extract produced any effect on REM sleep amount. Conclusions Therefore, C. wilfordii could be a useful natural hypnotic with a sleep-enhancing effect.…”
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Electroclinical Features of Sleep-Related Head Jerk by Hu G, Yuan N, Pan Y, Wang B, Wang X, Wang Z, Chen Z, Liu Y

“…Approximately 76.1% of head jerks occurred during REM sleep with the median head jerk index of 5.9/h, 64.5% of which were associated with electroencephalogram arousals and 66.4% with body movements. …”
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Dynamic sleep stage transition process analysis in patients with Parkinson's disease having sleep apnea syndrome by Kohzoh Yoshino, Saki Inomoto, Akinori Iyama, Saburo Sakoda

“…These results suggest that both REM-to-Wake transition and Wake-to-REM transition are less likely to occur in PD patients with SAS and that the stage is more likely to continue once Wake and REM sleep occur.…”
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Rapid Eye Movements in Sleep Furnish a Unique Probe Into Consciousness by Charles C.-H. Hong, Charles C.-H. Hong, James H. Fallon, James H. Fallon, Karl J. Friston, James C. Harris

“…In other words, REMs offer a probe of active inference – in the sense of predictive coding – when the brain is isolated from the sensorium in virtue of the natural blockade of sensory afferents during REM sleep. Crucially, REMs are temporally precise events that enable powerful inferences based on time series analyses. …”
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Pathological pallidal beta activity in Parkinson’s disease is sustained during sleep and associated with sleep disturbance by Zixiao Yin, Ruoyu Ma, Qi An, Yichen Xu, Yifei Gan, Guanyu Zhu, Yin Jiang, Ning Zhang, Anchao Yang, Fangang Meng, Andrea A. Kühn, Hagai Bergman, Wolf-Julian Neumann, Jianguo Zhang

“…PD patients exhibited sustained and elevated beta activity across wakefulness, rapid eye movement (REM), and non-REM sleep, which was correlated with sleep disturbance. …”
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Evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: A cross-sectional study. by Newton Santos Faria Júnior, Jessica Julioti Urbano, Israel Reis Santos, Anderson Soares Silva, Eduardo Araújo Perez, Ângela Honda Souza, Oliver Augusto Nascimento, José Roberto Jardim, Giuseppe Insalaco, Luis Vicente Franco Oliveira, Roberto Stirbulov

“…Regarding sleep stages, stage 1 sleep and REM sleep were abnormal. OSA was present in 40.82% of the patients. …”
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Psilocin acutely alters sleep-wake architecture and cortical brain activity in laboratory mice by Christopher W. Thomas, Cristina Blanco-Duque, Benjamin J. Bréant, Guy M. Goodwin, Trevor Sharp, David M. Bannerman, Vladyslav V. Vyazovskiy

“…Administration of psilocin led to delayed REM sleep onset and reduced NREM sleep maintenance for up to approximately 3 h after dosing, and the acute EEG response was associated primarily with an enhanced oscillation around 4 Hz. …”
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The Impacts of Age and Sex in a Mouse Model of Childhood Narcolepsy by Alissa A. Coffey, Adam A. Joyal, Akihiro Yamanaka, Thomas E. Scammell

“…Orexin neuron loss disinhibits REM sleep during the active period and produces cataplexy, episodes of paralysis during wakefulness. …”
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A Week of Sleep Restriction Does Not Affect Nighttime Glucose Concentration in Healthy Adult Males When Slow-Wave Sleep Is Maintained by Thomas G. Kontou, Charli Sargent, Gregory D. Roach

“…On night seven, compared to the 9 h group, the 5 h group obtained less total sleep (292 min vs. 465 min) and less REM sleep (81 min vs. 118 min), but their slow-wave sleep did not differ (119 min vs. 120 min), and their glucose concentration during sleep did not differ (5.1 mmol·L⁻¹ vs. 5.1 mmol·L⁻¹). …”
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Serial macro-architectural alterations with levodopa in Parkinson′s disease: Polysomnography (PSG)-based analysis by Sanju P Joy, Sanjib Sinha, Pramod Kumar Pal, Samhita Panda, M Philip, Arun B Taly

“…Duration of ′awake in bed′ (P = 0.24), slow wave sleep (P = 0.29), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (P = 0.24) decreased with treatment. Periodic leg movements (PLMs) had reduced (P = 0.68) and mean oxygen saturation during sleep improved (P = 0.002). …”
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Polysomnographic Characteristics of Sleep in Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. by Chiara Baglioni, Christoph Nissen, Adrian Schweinoch, Dieter Riemann, Kai Spiegelhalder, Mathias Berger, Cornelius Weiller, Annette Sterr

“…No group differences were identified for REM sleep. The systematic review revealed a strong bias towards studies in the early recovery phase of stroke, with no study reporting specifically on patients in the chronic state. …”
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Prevalence of sleep disorders, daytime sleepiness and clinical symptomatology in older adults by M.Á. Mendoza-Meléndez, U. Jimenez-Correa, A. Gallegos-Cari, F. Ayala-Guerrero, A. Jiménez-Anguiano

“…Of the total sleep time, they spent 14.2% in N1, 53.8% in N2, 16.1% in N3 and 15.4% in REM. Moreover, a REM sleep latency of 160 min was found. Discussion: Caring for the elderly is a challenge for healthcare systems. …”
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Cognition among individuals along a spectrum of increased risk for Parkinson's disease. by Lana M Chahine, Liz Urbe, Chelsea Caspell-Garcia, Dag Aarsland, Roy Alcalay, Paolo Barone, David Burn, Alberto J Espay, Jamie L Hamilton, Keith A Hawkins, Shirley Lasch, James B Leverenz, Irene Litvan, Irene Richard, Andrew Siderowf, Christopher S Coffey, Tanya Simuni, Daniel Weintraub, Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative

“…METHODS:Participants belonging to the following cohorts of the Parkinson Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) study were included: de novo PD with dopamine transporter binding deficit (n = 423), idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD, n = 39), hyposmia (n = 26) and non-PD mutation carrier (NMC; Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) G2019S (n = 88) and glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene (n = 38) mutations)). …”
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Evaluating Accuracy in Five Commercial Sleep-Tracking Devices Compared to Research-Grade Actigraphy and Polysomnography by Kyle A. Kainec, Jamie Caccavaro, Morgan Barnes, Chloe Hoff, Annika Berlin, Rebecca M. C. Spencer

“…For deep sleep, bias was low for the Withings Mat and Garmin Vivosmart while other devices overestimated shorter and underestimated longer times. For REM sleep, bias was low for all devices. Taken together, these results suggest that proportional bias patterns in consumer sleep-tracking technologies are prevalent and could have important implications for their overall accuracy.…”
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