Improving estimation of Parkinson’s disease risk—the enhanced PREDICT-PD algorithm by Jonathan P. Bestwick, Stephen D. Auger, Cristina Simonet, Richard N. Rees, Daniel Rack, Mark Jitlal, Gavin Giovannoni, Andrew J. Lees, Jack Cuzick, Anette E. Schrag, Alastair J. Noyce

“…Using this algorithm, the PREDICT-PD study identified individuals at increased risk of PD and used tapping speed, hyposmia and REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) as “intermediate” markers of prodromal PD in the absence of sufficient incident cases. …”
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Optimising classification of Parkinson’s disease based on motor, olfactory, neuropsychiatric and sleep features by Jonathan P. Bestwick, Stephen D. Auger, Anette E. Schrag, Donald G. Grosset, Sofia Kanavou, Gavin Giovannoni, Andrew J. Lees, Jack Cuzick, Alastair J. Noyce

“…Abstract Olfactory loss, motor impairment, anxiety/depression, and REM-sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) are prodromal Parkinson’s disease (PD) features. …”
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Combining skin and olfactory α-synuclein seed amplification assays (SAA)—towards biomarker-driven phenotyping in synucleinopathies by A. Kuzkina, J. Rößle, A. Seger, C. Panzer, A. Kohl, V. Maltese, T. Musacchio, S. J. Blaschke, G. Tamgüney, S. Kaulitz, K. Rak, A. Scherzad, P. H. Zimmermann, J. P. Klussmann, S. Hackenberg, J. Volkmann, C. Sommer, M. Sommerauer, K. Doppler

“…Studies in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and isolated REM-sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) have shown a considerably lower sensitivity in the olfactory epithelium than in CSF or skin. …”
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Parkinson's disease peripheral immune biomarker profile: a multicentre, cross-sectional and longitudinal study by Yuanyuan Li, Yan Yang, Aonan Zhao, Ningdi Luo, Mengyue Niu, Wenyan Kang, Anmu Xie, Hong Lu, Lei Chen, Jun Liu

“…Finally, we performed further verification in an exploratory set of patients with idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD). Results In the discovery set, CXCL12, CX3CL1 and IL-8 levels were significantly higher in PD patients than in HCs (p < 0.05). …”
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Dorsal Striatum Dopamine Levels Fluctuate Across the Sleep–Wake Cycle and Respond to Salient Stimuli in Mice by Hui Dong, Juan Wang, Yan-Fei Yang, Yan Shen, Yan Shen, Wei-Min Qu, Zhi-Li Huang

“…We found that the striatal dLight1.1 signal was at its highest during wakefulness, lower during non-rapid eye movement (non-REM or NREM) sleep, and lowest during REM sleep. Moreover, the striatal dLight1.1 signal increased significantly during NREM sleep-to-wake transitions, while it decreased during wake-to-NREM sleep transitions. …”
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Curcumin mitigates the sleep-deprivation impacts on rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus by Mahboobeh Erfanizadeh, Ali Noorafshan, Mohammad Reza Namavar, Saied Karbalay-Doust, Tahereh Talaei-Khozani

“…Introduction: The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) is an important efferent system that relays the circadian rhythm of sleep and stress information to the periphery. Chronic REM sleep deprivation (CSD) is thought to damage this system. …”
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Obstructive Apnea and Hypopnea Length in Normal Children and Adolescents by Lourdes M. DelRosso, David Panek, Greg Redding, Maria Paola Mogavero, Chris Ruth, Nicole Sheldon, Holly Blazier, Candace Strong, Maria Samson, Amy Fickenscher, Raffaele Ferri

“…The 5th centile of apnea duration during NREM is above 8 s at all ages, with a tendency to increase in the oldest groups up to 10 s. During REM sleep, it shows a gradual increase from 6 s in the youngest children to 10 s in the oldest. (4) Conclusions: Apnea/hypopnea length increases with age in children and adolescents independently from sex or severity of OSA. …”
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A Stage-Based Approach to Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease by Claudia Carrarini, Mirella Russo, Fedele Dono, Martina Di Pietro, Marianna G. Rispoli, Vincenzo Di Stefano, Laura Ferri, Filomena Barbone, Michela Vitale, Astrid Thomas, Stefano Luca Sensi, Marco Onofrj, Laura Bonanni

“…Nevertheless, some non-motor symptoms, including depression, REM sleep behavior disorder, and olfactive impairment, are even earlier features of PD. …”
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Exploring the Sensitivity of Prodromal Dementia with Lewy Bodies Research Criteria by Joseph R. Phillips, Elie Matar, Kaylena A. Ehgoetz Martens, Ahmed A. Moustafa, Glenda M. Halliday, Simon J. G. Lewis

“…However, as isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) confirmed with polysomnography (PSG) can be included as both a clinical and a biomarker feature, potentially reducing the specificity of these diagnostic criteria. …”
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Pengaruh Gangguan Tidur dan Peranan Sitokin terhadap Luaran Stroke Iskemik by Daswara Djajasasmita

“…Cytokines also influence sleep patterns such as nerve growth factor (NGF) inducing non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Sleep disorders, especially sleep apnea, have a greater risk of stroke or risk of death for any cause. …”
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Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Symptoms Correlate with Domains of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson′s Disease by Jin-Ru Zhang, Jing Chen, Zi-Jiao Yang, Hui-Jun Zhang, Yun-Ting Fu, Yun Shen, Pei-Cheng He, Cheng-Jie Mao, Chun-Feng Liu

“…Background: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). …”
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Aberrant amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in different frequency bands and changes after one-night positive airway pressure treatment in severe obstructive sleep apnea by Yuanfeng Sun, Sophine Xin Yang, Min Xie, Ke Zou, Xiangdong Tang

“…The left cerebellum 6 slow-5 band change was positively correlated with the duration of the REM sleep change (r = 0.4563, p = 0.0113), and the left cerebellum 6 slow-4 band change was also positively correlated with the mean blood oxygen change in the REM (r = 0.4591, p = 0.0107) and NREM sleep (r = 0.4492, p = 0.0128).ConclusionWe found that the use of slow-4 was more specific in OSA studies. …”
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Sleep-Enhancing Effect of Water Extract from Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill.) Seeds Fermented by <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> L32 by Gi Yeon Bae, Yejin Ahn, Ki-Bae Hong, Eun-Jin Jung, Hyung Joo Suh, Kyungae Jo

“…In particular, NREM sleep time was increased and REM sleep time, which was increased by caffeine treatment, was decreased by ZW-FM treatment. …”
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Multi-Night at-Home Evaluation of Improved Sleep Detection and Classification with a Memory-Enhanced Consumer Sleep Tracker by Ghorbani S, Golkashani HA, Chee NIYN, Teo TB, Dicom AR, Yilmaz G, Leong RLF, Ong JL, Chee MWL

“…Males showed greater improvements on TST and REM sleep measurement bias compared to females, while females benefitted more for deep sleep measures compared to males.Conclusion: These results affirm the benefits of applying machine learning and a diverse training dataset to improve sleep measurement of a consumer wearable device. …”
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Association between Nocturnal Hypoxemia and COPD Severity: A Cross-sectional Study by Rohan Raman, Nilom Khound, Kripesh Ranjan Sarmah, GAYATRI S NAIR, Bhuwan Sharma

“…Transient desaturation during sleep occurs in healthy persons during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. This phenomenon is aggravated in COPD patients. …”
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Effect of Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep on Sleep Structure in Stroke Patients by HU Yaya, ZHU Ning, XUE Mengzhou

“…These parameters include awake PLMI, sleep efficiency, proportion of stage N1 sleep in total sleep time, proportion of stage N2 sleep in total sleep time, proportion of stage N3 sleep in total sleep time, REM sleep in total sleep time, sleep apnea hypopnea index (AHI) , sleep latency, arousal index, and periodic limb movement arousal index (PLMAI) . …”
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Selective Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Withdrawal With Supplemental Oxygen During Slow-Wave Sleep as a Method of Dissociating Sleep Fragmentation and Intermittent Hypoxemia-... by Anna E. Mullins, Ankit Parekh, Korey Kam, Bresne Castillo, Zachary J. Roberts, Ahmad Fakhoury, Daphne I. Valencia, Reagan Schoenholz, Thomas M. Tolbert, Jason Z. Bronstein, Anne M. Mooney, Omar E. Burschtin, David M. Rapoport, Indu Ayappa, Andrew W. Varga

“…No significant OSA was observed in non-rapid eye movement (REM) stage 1 (NREM 1), non-REM stage 2 (NREM 2), or REM sleep (e.g., non-SWS) in any condition. The SWS-specific CPAP withdrawal induces OSA with SF and IH. …”
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Efficacy of idebenone in the Treatment of iRBD into Synucleinopathies (EITRS): rationale, design, and methodology of a randomized, double-blind, multi-center clinical study by Yuanyuan Li, Chunyi Wang, Ningdi Luo, Fangzheng Chen, Liche Zhou, Mengyue Niu, Wenyan Kang, Jun Liu, Jun Liu

“…BackgroundAs the strongest prodromal marker of α-synuclein-specific neurodegeneration, idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) is becoming a focus of interest in disease-modifying therapy. …”
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Selective Inhibition of Orexin-2 Receptors Prevents Stress-Induced ACTH Release in Mice by Sujin Yun, Michelle Wennerholm, Jonathan E. Shelton, Pascal Bonaventure, Michael A. Letavic, Brock T. Shireman, Timothy W. Lovenberg, Christine Dugovic

“…While both compounds reduced the latency to non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep without affecting its duration, a prevalent REM-sleep promoting effect was observed only in mice treated with the dual OX1/2R antagonist. …”
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Activation of the Ventrolateral Preoptic Neurons Projecting to the Perifornical-Hypothalamic Area Promotes Sleep: DREADD Activation in Wild-Type Rats by Andrey Kostin, Md. Aftab Alam, Anton Saevskiy, Dennis McGinty, Md. Noor Alam

“…CNO treatment also increased nonREM sleep (27% vs. 40%, <i>p</i> < 0.01) during the first 3 h of the dark phase, when rats are typically awake, and after exposure to the novel environment (55% vs. 65%; <i>p</i> < 0.01), which induces acute arousal during the light phase. …”
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