Farnesyltransferase inhibitors. by Hahn, S, Bernhard, E, Mckenna, W

“…The targeting of ras through the inhibition of Ras protein farnesylation is one new cancer treatment strategy under clinical evaluation. …”

The metabolic landscape of RAS-driven cancers from biology to therapy by Mukhopadhyay, Suman, Vander Heiden, Matthew G, McCormick, Frank

“…Our understanding of how the RAS protein family, and in particular mutant KRAS promote metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells has advanced significantly over the last decade. …”
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Control of Ras/Erk signalling pathway by the brahma chromatin-remodelling complex. by Siti Nur Ain Roesley.

“…Analysis of components in this pathway at both the transcriptional and protein levels following overexpression of wild-type Brahma in Drosophila S2 cells, demonstrated that Brahma may affect EGFR mRNA expression and Ras protein level. In addition, previous studies suggest that Brahma activity is regulated through phosphorylation by kinases, including Erk and cyclin E/CDK 2. …”
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Small-Molecule Inhibitors and Degraders Targeting KRAS-Driven Cancers by Soonsil Hyun, Dongyun Shin

“…In particular, considerable efforts have been made to treat KRAS-induced cancers by directly and indirectly controlling the activity of KRAS. However, the RAS protein is still one of the most prominent targets for drugs in cancer treatment. …”
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BRET-based RAS biosensors that show a novel small molecule is an inhibitor of RAS-effector protein-protein interactions by Bery, N, Cruz-Migoni, A, Bataille, C, Quevedo, C, Tulmin, H, Miller, A, Russell, A, Phillips, S, Carr, S, Rabbitts, T

“…The RAS biosensors represent a useful tool to investigate and characterize the potency of anti-RAS inhibitors in cells and more generally any RAS protein-protein interaction (PPI) in cells.…”

Recent Developments in Targeting RAS Downstream Effectors for RAS-Driven Cancer Therapy by Ozge Tatli, Gizem Dinler Doganay

“…Aberrant activity of oncogenic rat sarcoma virus (RAS) protein promotes tumor growth and progression. RAS-driven cancers comprise more than 30% of all human cancers and are refractory to frontline treatment strategies. …”
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Structural Mechanisms and Drug Discovery Prospects of Rho GTPases by Cameron C. Smithers, Michael Overduin

“…However, progress in targeting the similar Ras protein is illuminating new strategies for specifically inhibiting oncogenic GTPases. …”
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Single domain intracellular antibodies: a minimal fragment for direct in vivo selection of antigen-specific intrabodies. by Tanaka, T, Lobato, M, Rabbitts, T

“…Moreover, IDabs selected for binding to the RAS protein could inhibit RAS-dependent oncogenic transformation of NIH3T3 cells. …”

Oncogenic KRAS: Signaling and Drug Resistance by Hyeon Jin Kim, Han Na Lee, Mi Suk Jeong, Se Bok Jang

“…RAS proteins play a role in many physiological signals transduction processes, including cell growth, division, and survival. …”
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Cutting the Brakes on Ras—Cytoplasmic GAPs as Targets of Inactivation in Cancer by Arianna Bellazzo, Licio Collavin

“…A better understanding of these conditions might have relevant clinical repercussions, since treatments to restore or enhance the function of RasGAPs in cancer would help circumvent the intrinsic difficulty of directly targeting the Ras protein.…”
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Targeting KRAS: Crossroads of Signaling and Immune Inhibition by Shumei Kato, Yu Fujiwara, David S. Hong

“…Despite huge effort for decades, targeting RAS mutations has been ‘‘undruggable’’ because of the molecular instability of RAS protein inhibition. However, the recent discovery of the KRAS G12C inhibitor paved the way to expand therapeutic options for patients with cancer harboring the KRAS G12C mutation. …”
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"Selfish spermatogonial selection": a novel mechanism for the association between advanced paternal age and neurodevelopmental disorders. by Goriely, A, McGrath, J, Hultman, C, Wilkie, A, Malaspina, D

“…Recently it has been recognized that somatic mutations in male germ cells that modify proliferation through dysregulation of the RAS protein pathway can lead to within-testis expansion of mutant clonal lines. …”

Emerging Roles of Small GTPases in Islet β-Cell Function by Rajakrishnan Veluthakal, Debbie C. Thurmond

“…Several small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) from the Ras protein superfamily regulate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in the pancreatic islet β-cell. …”
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Von recklinghausen disease: one patient – various problems by Bergler-Czop B, Miziołek B, Brzezińska-Wcisło L

“…This counteracts possible overactivity of RAS (protein)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and RAS/PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phoshatydyloinositol-3-kinase/V-akt murine thy-moma viral oncogene homologue/mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling transduction pathways, preventing from uncontrolled cell proliferation and subsequent tumor formation. …”
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Identification of the potential targets for keloid and hypertrophic scar prevention by Lianbo Zhang, Haiyan Qin, Zhuoxia Wu, Wanying Chen, Guang Zhang

“…The up-regulated genes were closely related with Rho protein signal transduction, cytoskeleton organization, and Ras protein signal transduction related biological process. …”
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Pan-Cancer Analysis of Clinical Relevance via Telomere Maintenance Mechanism by Ji-Yong Sung, Jae-Ho Cheong

“…Patients with metastasis had a poor prognosis in the ALT group (<i>p <</i> 0.006) subjected to RAS protein signal transduction. Glioblastoma patients had poor prognosis in NDTMM (<i>p</i> < 0.0043) and showed high levels of myeloid leukocyte activation. …”
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Computer-Aided Drug Design Boosts RAS Inhibitor Discovery by Ge Wang, Yuhao Bai, Jiarui Cui, Zirui Zong, Yuan Gao, Zhen Zheng

“…On the one hand, the structural properties of the RAS protein make it difficult to find inhibitors specifically targeted to it. …”
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Entropy in Biochemical Failure by Randal Hallford

“…The ab-initio determination of the thermodynamic properties of the hydrolysis of the GTP gamma-phosphate in normal and abnormal cell functions of the RAS protein mutant Thr (Q61) leads to a description of energy cycle deviations in the abnormal mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.1 A predictive non-equilibrium probability statement describing the nonlinear changes for these open and finite-lifetime systems follows from reasonable enthalpy and entropy values between the normal and mutated forms based on structures of the GTPase states at the allosteric site. …”
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Structure-based development of new RAS-effector inhibitors from a combination of active and inactive RAS-binding compounds by Cruz-Migoni, A, Canning, P, Quevedo, C, Bataille, C, Bery, N, Miller, A, Russell, A, Phillips, S, Carr, S, Rabbitts, T

“…These fused compounds add to the growing catalog of RAS protein-protein inhibitors and show that building a chemical series by crossing over two chemical series is a strategy to create RAS-binding small molecules.…”

Ras2 Is Responsible for the Environmental Responses, Melanin Metabolism, and Virulence of <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> by Hua Li, Xuemei Shen, Wenjia Wu, Wanyu Zhang, Yousheng Wang

“…Ras proteins are monomeric G proteins that are ubiquitous in fungal cells and play important roles in fungal growth, virulence, and environmental responses. …”
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