Earth System Model Aerosol–Cloud Diagnostics (ESMAC Diags) package, version 1: assessing E3SM aerosol predictions using aircraft, ship, and surface measurements by S. Tang, J. D. Fast, K. Zhang, J. C. Hardin, A. C. Varble, J. E. Shilling, F. Mei, M. A. Zawadowicz, P.-L. Ma

“…The diagnostics currently cover six field campaigns in four geographical regions: eastern North Atlantic (ENA), central US (CUS), northeastern Pacific (NEP), and Southern Ocean (SO). These regions produce frequent liquid- or mixed-phase clouds, with extensive measurements available from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program and other agencies. …”
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New beaked whales from the late Miocene of Peru and evidence for convergent evolution in stem and crown Ziphiidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) by Giovanni Bianucci, Claudio Di Celma, Mario Urbina, Olivier Lambert

“…Our new phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses depart markedly from earlier studies in dividing beaked whales into two major clades: the Messapicetus clade, which, along with other stem ziphiids, once dominated the southeastern Pacific and North Atlantic; and crown Ziphiidae, the majority of which are found in deep-water regions of the Southern Ocean, with possible subsequent dispersal both globally (Mesoplodon and Ziphius) and to the cooler waters of the northern oceans (Berardius and Hyperoodon). …”
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Global variability of high-nutrient low-chlorophyll regions using neural networks and wavelet coherence analysis by G. Basterretxea, J. S. Font-Muñoz, I. Hernández-Carrasco, S. A. Sañudo-Wilhelmy

“…The trends in satellite-derived surface chlorophyll (0.6 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.4 % yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> to 2 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.4 % yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>) suggest that HNLC regions in polar and subpolar areas have experienced an increase in phytoplankton biomass over the last decades, but much of this variation, particularly in the Southern Ocean, is produced by a climate-driven transition in 2009–2010. …”
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How the extreme 2019–2020 Australian wildfires affected global circulation and adjustments by F. Senf, B. Heinold, A. Kubin, J. Müller, R. Schrödner, I. Tegen

“…At the top of the atmosphere (TOA), the net effective radiative forcing (ERF) averaged over the Southern Hemisphere was initially dominated by the instantaneous positive radiative forcing of about <span class="inline-formula">+0.5</span> <span class="inline-formula">W m⁻²</span>, for which the positive sign resulted mainly from the presence of clouds above the Southern Ocean. The longwave adjustments led to a compensation of the initially net positive TOA ERF, which is seen in the Southern Hemisphere, the tropics, and the northern mid-latitudes. …”
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Dynamics of an extreme low temperature event over South Africa amid a warming climate by Hector Chikoore, Innocent L. Mbokodo, Mukovhe V. Singo, Tumelo Mohomi, Rendani B. Munyai, Henno Havenga, Dawn D. Mahlobo, Francois A. Engelbrecht, Mary-Jane M. Bopape, Thando Ndarana

“…The July 2021 ELT event resulted from a combination of complex circulation anomalies which included an intense offshore cut-off low (COL) that extended to the surface (and associated wave breaking), a cold front and a Type-S ridging anticyclone, all intensifying surface cold air advection from the Southern Ocean. A most significant finding is that COLs do not need to enter South Africa to cause severe weather over the country. …”
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Incorporation of aerosol into the COSPv2 satellite lidar simulator for climate model evaluation by M. Bonazzola, H. Chepfer, P.-L. Ma, J. Quaas, D. M. Winker, A. Feofilov, N. Schutgens

“…Our analysis shows that the aerosol distribution simulated at a seasonal timescale is generally in good agreement with observations. Over the Southern Ocean, however, the model does not produce the SR maximum as observed in the real world. …”
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Race to the poles: the thermal response of the transcriptome of two range-expanding pelagic amphipod species by Diana Martinez-Alarcón, Diana Martinez-Alarcón, Diana Martinez-Alarcón, Christoph Held, Lars Harms, Holger Auel, Wilhelm Hagen, Charlotte Havermans, Charlotte Havermans

“…They are prone to undergo changes in abundance and distribution in the course of the ongoing environmental changes. In the Southern Ocean, Themisto gaudichaudii is predicted to expand its distribution poleward. …”
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Ocean dynamics and biological feedbacks limit the potential of macroalgae carbon dioxide removal by Manon Berger, Lester Kwiatkowski, David T Ho, Laurent Bopp

“…Although additional modelling efforts are required, Eastern boundary upwelling systems and regions of the Northeast Pacific and the Southern Ocean are revealed as potentially promising locations for efficient macroalgae-based CDR. …”
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Impact of atmospheric forcing uncertainties on Arctic and Antarctic sea ice simulations in CMIP6 OMIP models by X. Lin, X. Lin, F. Massonnet, T. Fichefet, M. Vancoppenolle

“…The ice velocity direction simulations in the Beaufort Gyre and the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean in OMIP2 are also improved owing to surface wind stress changes. …”
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Technical Note: Silica stable isotopes and silicification in a carnivorous sponge <i>Asbestopluma</i> sp. by K. R. Hendry, G. E. A. Swann, M. J. Leng, M. J. Leng, H. J. Sloane, C. Goodwin, J. Berman, M. Maldonado

“…Here, we investigate the vital effects on silica, silicon and oxygen isotope composition in a carnivorous sponge, <i>Asbestopluma</i> sp., from the Southern Ocean. We find significant variations in silicon and oxygen isotopic composition within the specimen that are related to unusual spicule silicification. …”
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De novo assembly and annotation of the Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) genome by David Ryder, David Stone, Diana Minardi, Ainsley Riley, Justin Avant, Lisa Cross, Marta Soeffker, Deborah Davidson, Andrew Newman, Peter Thomson, Chris Darby, Ronny van Aerle

“…Juveniles occupy progressively deeper waters as they mature and grow, and adults have been caught as deep as 2500 m, living on or in just above the southern shelves and slopes around the sub-Antarctic islands of the Southern Ocean. As apex predators, they are a key part of the food web, feeding on a variety of prey, including krill, squid, and other fish. …”
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Improving the Altimeter-Derived Surface Currents Using Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Data: A Sensitivity Study to SST Products by Daniele Ciani, Marie-Hélène Rio, Bruno Buongiorno Nardelli, Hélène Etienne, Rosalia Santoleri

“…Using the OSTIA SST also results in slight improvements (≃1.3%) in the zonal flow estimated in the Southern Ocean (45<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>S to 70<inline-formula> <math display="inline"> <semantics> <msup> <mrow></mrow> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </semantics> </math> </inline-formula>S). …”
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Potentially bioavailable iron delivery by iceberg-hosted sediments and atmospheric dust to the polar oceans by R. Raiswell, J. R. Hawkings, L. G. Benning, A. R. Baker, R. Death, S. Albani, N. Mahowald, M. D. Krom, S. W. Poulton, J. Wadham, M. Tranter

“…Iceberg-hosted sediments and atmospheric dust transport potentially bioavailable iron to the Arctic and Southern oceans as ferrihydrite. Ferrihydrite is nanoparticulate and more soluble, as well as potentially more bioavailable, than other iron (oxyhydr)oxide minerals (lepidocrocite, goethite, and hematite). …”
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Analysis on distribution characteristics of velocities over depth in a coastal area by Lei Ren, Jiamin Yuan, Yaqi Wang, Manman Wang

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Snow algal blooms in Antarctic King George Island in 2017–2022 and their future trend based on CMIP6 projection by Xue-Yang Chen, Shuang-Lin Li, Chao Zhang, Dong-Yan Liu

“…The results suggest that during the strong bloom summers there exist prevailing northerly or northwesterly wind anomalies which advect warm and humid airmass from the southern ocean into the island, increasing surface air temperature and humidity; the warmer and more humid surface favors melting of snow and an increase of low cloud cover, subsequently enhancing the atmospheric downward long-wave radiation and amplifying surface warmth; the increased low cloud cover reflects more ultraviolet rays back to space and weakens the short-wave radiation reaching the surface. …”
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The Effects of Wave-Induced Stokes Drift and Mixing Induced by Nonbreaking Surface Waves on the Ocean in a Climate System Ocean Model by Peng Fan, Jiangbo Jin, Run Guo, Guixian Li, Guangqing Zhou

“…The nonbreaking surface wave mainly reduces the temperature bias in the Southern Ocean by enhancing mixing in the upper ocean. …”
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Spatial Correlation Length Scales of Sea-Ice Concentration Errors for High-Concentration Pack Ice by Stefan Kern

“…With this approach, I derive <i>L</i> separately for the total error and the large-scale SIC error for every high-concentration grid cell, and map, present and discuss these for the Arctic and the Southern Ocean for the year 2010 for the above-mentioned products. …”
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Time-varying changes and uncertainties in the CMIP6 ocean carbon sink from global to local scale by P. Gooya, N. C. Swart, N. C. Swart, R. C. Hamme

“…In agreement with CMIP5 studies, our results suggest that for a better chance of early detection of changes in the ocean carbon sink and to efficiently reduce uncertainty in future carbon uptake, highly active regions, including the northwestern Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, should receive additional focus for modeling and observational efforts.…”
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A diatom extension to the cGEnIE Earth system model – EcoGEnIE 1.1 by A. A. Naidoo-Bagwell, A. A. Naidoo-Bagwell, F. M. Monteiro, K. R. Hendry, K. R. Hendry, S. Burgan, J. D. Wilson, J. D. Wilson, B. A. Ward, A. Ridgwell, D. J. Conley

“…Simulated diatom biogeography is characterised by larger size classes dominating at high latitudes, notably in the Southern Ocean, and smaller size classes dominating at lower latitudes. …”
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Antarctic extreme events by Martin J. Siegert, Mike J. Bentley, Angus Atkinson, Thomas J. Bracegirdle, Peter Convey, Peter Convey, Peter Convey, Bethan Davies, Rod Downie, Anna E. Hogg, Caroline Holmes, Kevin A. Hughes, Michael P. Meredith, Neil Ross, Jane Rumble, Jeremy Wilkinson

“…Here, we briefly examine evidence for extreme events in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean across a variety of environments and timescales. …”
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