Rejuvenating the ocean: mean ocean radiocarbon, CO₂ release, and radiocarbon budget closure across the last deglaciation by L. Skinner, F. Primeau, A. Jeltsch-Thömmes, A. Jeltsch-Thömmes, F. Joos, F. Joos, P. Köhler, E. Bard

“…The compiled data and interpolations confirm a stepwise and spatially heterogeneous “rejuvenation” of the ocean, suggesting that carbon was released to the atmosphere through two swings of a “ventilation seesaw” operating between the North Atlantic and both the Southern Ocean and the North Pacific. Sensitivity tests using the Bern3D model of intermediate complexity demonstrate that a portion of the reconstructed deglacial B-Atm changes may reflect “phase-attenuation” biases that are unrelated to ocean ventilation and that arise from independent atmospheric radiocarbon dynamics instead. …”
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Plasticity in the morphometrics and movements of an Antarctic apex predator, the leopard seal by Sarah S. Kienle, Michael E. Goebel, Michael E. Goebel, Erin LaBrecque, Renato Borras-Chavez, Renato Borras-Chavez, Stephen J. Trumble, Shane B. Kanatous, Daniel E. Crocker, Daniel P. Costa

“…These flexible behaviors and traits may offer leopard seals, an ice-associated apex predator, resilience to the rapidly changing Southern Ocean.…”
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Aerosol-related effects on the occurrence of heterogeneous ice formation over Lauder, New Zealand ∕ Aotearoa by J. Hofer, P. Seifert, J. B. Liley, M. Radenz, O. Uchino, O. Uchino, I. Morino, T. Sakai, T. Nagai, A. Ansmann

“…Clean, pristine air masses from Antarctica and the Southern Ocean arrive under southerly flow conditions, while high aerosol loads can occur when air masses are advected from nearby Australia. …”
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Validation and Intercomparison of Ocean Color Algorithms for Estimating Particulate Organic Carbon in the Oceans by Hayley Evers-King, Victor Martinez-Vicente, Robert J. W. Brewin, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Giorgio Dall'Olmo, Anna E. Hickman, Thomas Jackson, Tihomir S. Kostadinov, Hajo Krasemann, Hubert Loisel, Rüdiger Röttgers, Shovonlal Roy, Dariusz Stramski, Sandy Thomalla, Sandy Thomalla, Trevor Platt, Shubha Sathyendranath, Shubha Sathyendranath

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Interannual Variability of Thermal Characteristics in the Indian Ocean under the Conditions of Global Warming by I.D. Rostov, E.V. Dmitrieva, N.I. Rudykh

“…The purpose of this work is to clarify the tendencies and regional features of interannual changes in the surface air temperature (Ta), the sea surface temperature (SST), and the water temperature (Tw) in the upper 950-m layer in the Indian Ocean basin including the adjacent area of the Southern Ocean – up to 65°S over the past four decades, which are manifested as a result of planetary changes and a shift in the climate regime at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. …”
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The unprecedented coupled ocean-atmosphere summer heatwave in the New Zealand region 2017/18: drivers, mechanisms and impacts by M James Salinger, James Renwick, Erik Behrens, A Brett Mullan, Howard J Diamond, Pascal Sirguey, Robert O Smith, Michael C T Trought, Lisa Alexander V, Nicolas J Cullen, B Blair Fitzharris, Christopher D Hepburn, Amber K Parker, Phil J Sutton

“…The long-term trend towards positive SAM conditions, a result of stratospheric ozone depletion and greenhouse gas increase, is thought to have contributed through association with more frequent anticyclonic ‘blocking’ conditions in the New Zealand region and a more poleward average latitude for the Southern Ocean storm track. The unprecedented heatwave provides a good analogue for possible mean conditions in the late 21st century. …”
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Seasonal variations of siliceous microplankton fluxes and radiolarian assemblages linked to environmental conditions in Prydz Bay polynya, Eastern Antarctica by Haifeng Zhang, Haifeng Zhang, Rujian Wang, Zhengbing Han, Yongming Sun, Gaojing Fan, Jun Zhao, Ji Hu, Jian Ren, Jianming Pan, Jianming Pan

“…These findings will provide new insights and reliable proxies for modern and paleoceanographic research in the Southern Ocean.…”
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Bacterioplankton Diversity and Distribution in Relation to Phytoplankton Community Structure in the Ross Sea Surface Waters by Angelina Cordone, Giuseppe D’Errico, Maria Magliulo, Francesco Bolinesi, Matteo Selci, Marco Basili, Rocco de Marco, Maria Saggiomo, Paola Rivaro, Donato Giovannelli, Donato Giovannelli, Donato Giovannelli, Donato Giovannelli, Donato Giovannelli, Donato Giovannelli, Olga Mangoni, Olga Mangoni

“…Our data provide new insight into the coexistence of the bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in Antarctic waters, suggesting that specific rather than random interaction contribute to the organic matter cycling in the Southern Ocean.…”
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New particle formation in coastal New Zealand with a focus on open-ocean air masses by M. Peltola, C. Rose, J. V. Trueblood, S. Gray, M. Harvey, K. Sellegri

“…This study sheds light on both new particle formation in open-ocean air masses coming from the Southern Ocean and local aerosol properties in New Zealand.…”
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Historical Mitogenomic Diversity and Population Structuring of Southern Hemisphere Fin Whales by Danielle L. Buss, Lane M. Atmore, Maria H. Zicos, William P. Goodall-Copestake, Selina Brace, Frederick I. Archer, C. Scott Baker, Ian Barnes, Emma L. Carroll, Tom Hart, Andrew C. Kitchener, Richard Sabin, Angela L. Sremba, Caroline R. Weir, Jennifer A. Jackson

“…Whaling catch records indicate the importance of the Southern Ocean for this species; approximately 730,000 fin whales were harvested during the 20th century in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) alone, 94% of which were at high latitudes. …”
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Water Exchange between Deep Basins of the Bransfield Strait by Dmitry I. Frey, Viktor A. Krechik, Eugene G. Morozov, Ilya D. Drozd, Alexandra S. Gordey, Alexander A. Latushkin, Olga S. Mekhova, Rinat Z. Mukhametianov, Svetlana A. Murzina, Sofia A. Ostroumova, Vladimir I. Ponomarev, Pavel A. Salyuk, Daria A. Smirnova, Sergey A. Shutov, Oleg A. Zuev

“…The Bransfield Strait is a relatively deep and narrow channel between the South Shetland Islands and the Antarctic Peninsula contributing to the water transport between the Pacific and Atlantic sectors of the Southern Ocean. The strait can be divided into three deep separate basins, namely, the western, central, and eastern basins. …”
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Exploring dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oxidation and implications for global aerosol radiative forcing by Fung, Ka Ming, Heald, Colette L, Kroll, Jesse H, Wang, Siyuan, Jo, Duseong S, Gettelman, Andrew, Lu, Zheng, Liu, Xiaohong, Zaveri, Rahul A, Apel, Eric C, Blake, Donald R, Jimenez, Jose-Luis, Campuzano-Jost, Pedro, Veres, Patrick R, Bates, Timothy S, Shilling, John E, Zawadowicz, Maria

“…However, high clouds in the tropics and low clouds in the Southern Ocean appear particularly sensitive to the additional aqueous-phase pathways, counteracting this change (−2.3 W m−2). …”
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Ice core chemistry database: an Antarctic compilation of sodium and sulfate records spanning the past 2000 years by E. R. Thomas, D. O. Vladimirova, D. R. Tetzner, B. D. Emanuelsson, N. Chellman, D. A. Dixon, H. Goosse, M. M. Grieman, A. C. F. King, M. Sigl, D. G. Udy, T. R. Vance, D. A. Winski, V. H. L. Winton, N. A. N. Bertler, N. A. N. Bertler, A. Hori, C. M. Laluraj, J. R. McConnell, Y. Motizuki, K. Takahashi, H. Motoyama, Y. Nakai, F. Schwanck, J. C. Simões, F. G. L. Lindau, M. Severi, R. Traversi, S. Wauthy, C. Xiao, J. Yang, E. Mosely-Thompson, T. V. Khodzher, L. P. Golobokova, A. A. Ekaykin

“…<p>Changes in sea ice conditions and atmospheric circulation over the Southern Ocean play an important role in modulating Antarctic climate. …”
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Deconstruction of tropospheric chemical reactivity using aircraft measurements: the Atmospheric Tomography Mission (ATom) data by M. J. Prather, H. Guo, H. Guo, X. Zhu

“…Additional data were also acquired for the Southern Ocean, the Arctic basin, and two flights over Antarctica. …”
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Projected decreases in future marine export production: the role of the carbon flux through the upper ocean ecosystem by C. Laufkötter, M. Vogt, N. Gruber, O. Aumont, L. Bopp, S. C. Doney, J. P. Dunne, J. Hauck, J. G. John, I. D. Lima, R. Seferian, C. Völker

“…Also this controlling factor is afflicted with high uncertainties, particularly since the models differ already substantially with regard to both the initial (present-day) distribution of diatoms (between 11–94 % in the Southern Ocean) and the diatom contribution to particle formation (0.6–3.8 times higher than their contribution to biomass). …”
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Effects of Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sea surface temperature and sea ice extent on the isotope–temperature slope at polar ice core sites by A. Cauquoin, A. Abe-Ouchi, T. Obase, W.-L. Chan, A. Paul, M. Werner

“…This is partly due to the transport of water vapor from the Southern Ocean to this area that can dampen the influence of local temperature on the changes in the isotopic composition of precipitation and snow. …”
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An empirically derived inorganic sea spray source function incorporating sea surface temperature by M. E. Salter, P. Zieger, J. C. Acosta Navarro, H. Grythe, A. Kirkevåg, B. Rosati, I. Riipinen, E. D. Nilsson

“…Compared to the previously implemented parameterisation, a clear decrease of sea spray aerosol number flux and increase in aerosol residence time was observed, especially over the Southern Ocean. At the same time an increase in aerosol optical depth due to an increase in the number of particles with optically relevant sizes was found. …”
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Assessment of climate biases in OpenIFS version 43r3 across model horizontal resolutions and time steps by A. Savita, J. Kjellsson, J. Kjellsson, R. Pilch Kedzierski, R. Pilch Kedzierski, M. Latif, M. Latif, T. Rahm, T. Rahm, S. Wahl, W. Park, W. Park

“…We find that the surface zonal wind bias is significantly reduced over certain regions such as the Southern Ocean and the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes and in tropical and subtropical regions at a high horizontal resolution (i.e. …”
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Water mass transformation variability in the Weddell Sea in ocean reanalyses by S. T. Bailey, C. S. Jones, R. P. Abernathey, A. L. Gordon, X. Yuan

“…The three ocean reanalyses used are the following: Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean state estimate (ECCOv4), Southern Ocean State Estimate (SOSE) and Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA). …”
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Global terrestrial stilling: does Earth’s greening play a role? by Zhenzhong Zeng, Shilong Piao, Laurent Z X Li, Philippe Ciais, Yue Li, Xitian Cai, Long Yang, Maofeng Liu, Eric F Wood

“…Both models, forced with observed sea surface temperature and sea ice and with LAI from satellite observation, captured the observed strengthening of Pacific trade winds and Southern Ocean westerly winds. However, these simulations did not reproduce the weakening of surface winds over land as significantly as it appears in the observations (−0.006 m s ^−1 versus −0.198 m s ^−1 during 1982–2011), indicating that enhanced LAI (greening) is not a dominant driver for terrestrial stilling.…”
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