Barium in seawater: dissolved distribution, relationship to silicon, and barite saturation state determined using machine learning by Ö. Z. Mete, Ö. Z. Mete, Ö. Z. Mete, Ö. Z. Mete, A. V. Subhas, H. H. Kim, A. G. Dunlea, L. M. Whitmore, A. M. Shiller, M. Gilbert, W. D. Leavitt, W. D. Leavitt, T. J. Horner, T. J. Horner

“…These models were trained to predict [Ba] from standard oceanographic observations using GEOTRACES data from the Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern oceans. Trained models were then validated by comparing predictions against withheld [Ba] data from the Indian Ocean. …”
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Taxonomic Status and Composition of the Genera <i>Caulaster</i>, <i>Porcellanaster</i> and <i>Eremicaster</i> (Asteroidea) Based on Juvenile Morphology and Molecular Phylogenetic D... by Alexandr N. Mironov, Anna B. Dilman, Nikolay B. Petrov, Irina P. Vladychenskaya

“…In this paper, the morphology of juvenile and adult <i>Porcellanaster</i> and synonymized species from the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Southern Oceans are studied. As a result, the composition of the genus <i>Porcellanaster</i> has been revised. …”
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Global dust model intercomparison in AeroCom phase I by Huneeus, N, Schulz, M, Balkanski, Y, Griesfeller, J, Prospero, J, Kinne, S, Bauer, S, Boucher, O, Chin, M, Dentener, F, Diehl, T, Easter, R, Fillmore, D, Ghan, S, Ginoux, P, Grini, A, Horowitz, L, Koch, D, Krol, M, Landing, W, Liu, X, Mahowald, N, Miller, R, Morcrette, J, Myhre, G, Penner, J, Perlwitz, J, Stier, P, Takemura, T, Zender, C

“…Large uncertainties still exist with respect to the deposition fluxes in the southern oceans. Further measurements and model studies are necessary to assess the general model performance to reproduce dust deposition in ocean regions sensible to iron contributions. …”

Nitrous oxide emissions 1999 to 2009 from a global atmospheric inversion by Thompson, R. L., Chevallier, F., Crotwell, A. M., Dutton, G. S., Langenfelds, R. L., Weiss, R. F., Tohjima, Y., Nakazawa, T., Krummel, P. B., Steele, L. P., Fraser, P. J., O'Doherty, Simon, Ishijima, K., Aoki, S., Prinn, Ronald G.

“…Notable variability was also found for N[subscript 2]O fluxes in the tropical and southern oceans (0.15 and 0.2 Tg a[superscript −1] N, 1 SD, respectively). …”
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Using machine learning and Biogeochemical-Argo (BGC-Argo) floats to assess biogeochemical models and optimize observing system design by A. Mignot, H. Claustre, H. Claustre, G. Cossarini, F. D'Ortenzio, F. D'Ortenzio, E. Gutknecht, J. Lamouroux, P. Lazzari, C. Perruche, S. Salon, R. Sauzède, V. Taillandier, V. Taillandier, A. Teruzzi

“…We strongly recommend increasing the number of observations in the Arctic region while maintaining the existing high-density of observations in the Southern Oceans. The model error in these regions is only slightly less than the variability observed in BGC-Argo measurements. …”
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A New Look at Physico-Chemical Causes of Changing Climate: Is the Seasonal Variation in Seawater Temperature a Significant Factor in Establishing the Partial Pressure of Carbon Dio... by Ivan R. Kennedy, John W. Runcie, Shuo Zhang, Raymond J. Ritchie

“…Standard enthalpy analysis of key DIC reactions indicates why this oscillation is more obvious in the northern hemisphere with seasonal variations in water temperature (ca. 7.1 °C) being almost twice those in the southern hemisphere (ca. 4.7 °C) with a greater depth of the surface mixing zone of seawater in the southern oceans. Questions remain regarding the relative rates of biotic and abiotic inorganic precipitation and dissolution of CaCO₃ in the mixing zone. …”
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On the Nature and Origin of Atmospheric Annual and Semi-Annual Oscillations by Vincent Courtillot, Jean-Louis Le Mouël, Fernando Lopes, Dominique Gibert

“…The semi-annual component is characterized by three positive anomalies (an irregular triskeles) in the NH spring and autumn (and the opposite in the NH summer and winter), and in the SH spring and autumn by a strong stable pattern consisting of three large negative anomalies forming a clear triskeles within the 40–60<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>∘</mo></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> annulus formed by the southern oceans. A large positive anomaly centered over Antarctica, with its maximum displaced toward Australia, and a smaller one centered over Southern Africa, complement the pattern. …”
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Mean, variance, and temporal coherence of the 3D acoustic field forward propagated through random inhomogeneities in continental-shelf and deep ocean waveguides by Chen, Tianrun

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