Pandemic preparedness: On the efficacy of non‐pharmaceutical interventions in COVID‐19 and about approaches to predict future pandemic viruses by Harald Brüssow

“…Abstract With three major viral pandemics over the last 100 years, namely the Spanish flu, AIDS and COVID‐19 each claiming many millions of lives, pandemic preparedness has become an important issue for public health. …”
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Sustainability in reference and response to COVID-19 pandemic by Maulan, Suhardi

“…Almost no countries have been spared and the calamity has been equated with Spanish Flu Pandemic from 1918 – 1920. With COVID-19 spread rapidly, many countries had issued a lockdown order in which force people to stay indoors, practice social distancing, and maintain a high level of personal hygiene. …”
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Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)/SARS-CoV-2: Hopefully, the Human-Virus Battle Ends Soon on a Positive Note by Venkataramana Kandi

“…We have also seen the emergence of a novel influenza virus, the Spanish flu (1918) which caused a severe pandemic. …”
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Isolation of a high affinity neutralizing monoclonal antibody against 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus that binds at the 'Sa' antigenic site. by Nachiket Shembekar, Vamsee V Aditya Mallajosyula, Arpita Mishra, Leena Yeolekar, Rajeev Dhere, Subhash Kapre, Raghavan Varadarajan, Satish Kumar Gupta

“…In a competition ELISA, MA2077 competed with the binding site of the human MAb, 2D1 (isolated from a survivor of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic) on pandemic H1N1 HA. Epitope mapping studies using yeast cell-surface display of a stable HA1 fragment, wherein 'Sa' and 'Sb' sites were independently mutated, localized the binding site of MA2077 within the 'Sa' antigenic site. …”
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The Plague of Athens Shedding Light on Modern Struggles with COVID-19 by Jilene Malbeuf, Peter Johnson, John Johnson, Austin Mardon

“…Unprecedented times does not mean that these current issues and struggles have never been faced by humanity before, however. The Spanish Flu which took place after World War One and the Black Death that was rampant in Asia and Europe in the 14th century quickly come to mind as examples of past pandemics, but these are only two examples of devastating diseases throughout human history. …”
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Lessons from SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Evolution, Disease Dynamics and Future by Saurabh Pandey, Bharat Yadav, Arvind Pandey, Takshashila Tripathi, Masuma Khawary, Sashi Kant, Deeksha Tripathi

“…The impact is massive and will leave a historical footprint. The Spanish Flu of 1918, which was the last pandemic that had a similar impact, was shadowed under the consequences of World War I. …”
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Detection of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens Using Photonic Point-of-Care Devices by Peuli Nath, Alamgir Kabir, Somaiyeh Khoubafarin Doust, Zachary Joseph Kreais, Aniruddha Ray

“…Throughout human civilization, there have been several pandemic outbreaks, such as the Plague, Spanish Flu, Swine-Flu, and, recently, COVID-19, amongst many others. …”
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High-Throughput Fluorescent Assay for Inhibitor Screening of Proteases from RNA Viruses by Bara Cihlova, Andrea Huskova, Jiri Böserle, Radim Nencka, Evzen Boura, Jan Silhan

“…Spanish flu, polio epidemics, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are the most profound examples of severe widespread diseases caused by RNA viruses. …”
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Topological and Thermodynamic Entropy Measures for COVID-19 Pandemic through Graph Theory by G. Kirithiga Nandini, R. Sundara Rajan, A. Arul Shantrinal, T. M. Rajalaxmi, Indra Rajasingh, Krishnan Balasubramanian

“…Our plots of entropy and logarithms of topological indices of pandemic trees accentuate the underlying severity of COVID-19 over the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic.…”
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Novel Small-Molecule Scaffolds as Candidates against the SARS Coronavirus 2 Main Protease: A Fragment-Guided in Silico Approach by Teresa L. Augustin, Roxanna Hajbabaie, Matthew T. Harper, Taufiq Rahman

“…The ongoing pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus has been the greatest global health crisis since the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. Thus far, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in over 1 million deaths, and there is no cure or vaccine to date. …”
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Quasispecies Nature of RNA Viruses: Lessons from the Past by Kiran Singh, Deepa Mehta, Shaurya Dumka, Aditya Singh Chauhan, Sachin Kumar

“…RNA viruses cause the most devastating pandemics; for example, members of the <i>Orthomyxoviridae</i> family caused the great influenza pandemic (1918 flu or Spanish flu), the SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) outbreak, and the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), lentiviruses of the <i>Retroviridae</i> family, caused worldwide devastation. …”
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The evolution of epidemics and the publication of epidemic news in the local press: a study in the region of Braga (Northern Portugal) by Mariana Azevedo, Paulo Reis Mourão

“…The COVID-19 pandemic recalled the crises associated with the Spanish flu, exanthematic typhus, and smallpox of the 1920s. …”
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Post-COVID-19 menstrual abnormalities and infertility: Repercussions of the pandemic by Sparsh Madaan, Dhruv Talwar, Arpita Jaiswal, Sunil Kumar, Neema Acharya, Sourya Acharya, Deepika Dewani

“…It may also manifest as infertility due to ovarian failure due to suppression of ovarian function COVID-19 a novel coronavirus which is presently a pandemic has affected the world in manner reminding the world of 1918 Spanish flu. However, while battling the deadly pandemic, the clinicians should also be aware of the repercussions of the effect this infection has on multiple organs such as ovarian suppression leading to infertility, oligomenorrhea, or menorrhagia.…”
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A primer on using mathematics to understand COVID-19 dynamics: Modeling, analysis and simulations by Abba B. Gumel, Enahoro A. Iboi, Calistus N. Ngonghala, Elamin H. Elbasha

“…It became the most important public health challenge facing mankind since the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic. Various theoretical and empirical approaches have been designed and used to gain insight into the transmission dynamics and control of the pandemic. …”
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GLOBAL PANDEMIC: MODIFICATION OF CONSUMER AND E-COMMERCE PRIORITIES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF FORCE MAJOR by O. Havryliuk, T. Bozhydarnik

“…The Covid-19 pandemic is not only the most serious global health crisis since the 1918 Great Influenza (Spanish flu), but is set to become one of the most economically costly pandemics in recent history. …”
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On the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality: Lost years or lost days? by Valentin Rousson, Isabella Locatelli

“…Even in countries with a significant population life loss in 2020, it was on average about 30 times lower than in 1918, at the time of the Spanish flu.ConclusionsOur results based on the concept of population life loss were consistent with those based on the classical concept of life expectancy, confirming the significant impact of COVID-19 on mortality in 8 European countries in 2020. …”
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The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis—A Preliminary Report by Noothan J. Satheesh, Salam Salloum-Asfar, Sara A. Abdulla

“…This review discusses the possibility of SARS-CoV-2-mediated Multiple Sclerosis (MS) development in the future, comparable to the surge in Parkinson’s disease cases following the Spanish Flu in 1918. Moreover, the SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a cytokine storm. …”
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Hypoxia and Activation of Neutrophil Degranulation-Related Genes in the Peripheral Blood of COVID-19 Patients by Hongxing Lei

“…Interestingly, similar pattern was also observed in H1N1 infection (the cause of Spanish flu) and several other severe respiratory viral infections. …”
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The convergent evolution of influenza A virus: Implications, therapeutic strategies and what we need to know by Zheng Yao Low, Ka Heng Wong, Ashley Jia Wen Yip, Wee Sim Choo

“…Dated back to the 1918- Spanish Flu, the influenza infection has caused the loss of many human lives and significantly impacted the economy and daily lives. …”
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Fc-mediated functions and the treatment of severe respiratory viral infections with passive immunotherapy – a balancing act by Hillary A. Vanderven, Hillary A. Vanderven, Hillary A. Vanderven, Stephen J. Kent, Stephen J. Kent

“…Passive immunotherapies have been used to treat severe respiratory infections for over a century, with convalescent blood products from recovered individuals given to patients with influenza-related pneumonia as long ago as the Spanish flu pandemic. However, passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma or hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) has not provided unequivocal evidence of a clinical benefit for severe respiratory infections including influenza and COVID-19. …”
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