RUNX factors in development: lessons from invertebrate model systems. by Braun, T, Woollard, A

“…Here we review the progress of these studies in three invertebrate systems, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. …”

Discovery of sea urchin NGFFFamide receptor unites a bilaterian neuropeptide family by Dean C. Semmens, Isabel Beets, Matthew L. Rowe, Liisa M. Blowes, Paola Oliveri, Maurice R. Elphick

“…Here, we report that the receptor for the neuropeptide NGFFFamide in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (phylum Echinodermata) is an orthologue of vertebrate neuropeptide-S (NPS) receptors and crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) receptors. …”
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Initial peptidomic profiling of Brazilian sea urchins: Arbacia lixula, Lytechinus variegatus and Echinometra lucunter by Juliana Mozer Sciani, Andrews Krupinski Emerenciano, José Roberto Machado Cunha da Silva, Daniel Carvalho Pimenta

“…Moreover, some peptides can be cryptides, since their sequences were identified within functional proteins, for example thymosin from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Conclusions Although preliminary, the peptidomic approach presented here reports, for the first time, the abundance of novel biological molecules derived from these animals. …”
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Oxygen availability and body mass modulate ectotherm responses to ocean warming by Murray I. Duncan, Fiorenza Micheli, Thomas H. Boag, J. Andres Marquez, Hailey Deres, Curtis A. Deutsch, Erik A. Sperling

“…We calibrate species-specific parameters of ΦA with physiological measurements for red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and purple urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus). ΦA models highlight that the temperature where oxygen supply is greatest shifts cooler when water loses oxygen or organisms grow larger, providing a mechanistic explanation for observed thermal preference patterns. …”
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Elements of divergence in germline determination in closely related species by Shumpei Morita, Nathalie Oulhen, Stephany Foster, Gary M. Wessel

“…Even though both species rely on inherited mechanisms to specify their germ line, this analysis revealed a variety of differences in germline gene expression, including a broader expression of the germline factor Nanos2 (Nan2) in Lytechinus variegatus (Lv) compared to Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp). In Sp, Nan2 mRNA expression is highly restricted to the PGCs by a lability element in its 3′UTR, which is lacking in the mRNA of Lv-Nan2, thus explaining the difference. …”
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Induction of metamorphosis with KCl in three species of sea urchins and its implications in the production of juveniles by E Carpizo-Ituarte, A Salas-Garza, G Parés-Sierra

“…Results showed that excess K+ in the form of KCl added to seawater was an effective metamorphic inducer of the three species of sea urchins tested; the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the red sea urchin S. franciscanus and the white sea urchin Lytechinus pictus. …”
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Extraordinary Diversity of Immune Response Proteins among Sea Urchins: Nickel-Isolated Sp185/333 Proteins Show Broad Variations in Size and Charge. by Lauren S Sherman, Catherine S Schrankel, Kristy J Brown, L Courtney Smith

“…The Sp185/333 gene family, which is expressed by the California purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus in response to bacterial infection, encodes a highly diverse repertoire of anti-pathogen proteins. …”
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SpTransformer proteins from the purple sea urchin opsonize bacteria, augment phagocytosis, and retard bacterial growth. by Hung-Yen Chou, Cheng Man Lun, L Courtney Smith

“…The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, has a complex and robust immune system that is mediated by a number of multi-gene families including the SpTransformer (SpTrf) gene family (formerly Sp185/333). …”
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Characterization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone producing neurons in sea urchin, from larva to juvenile by Maria Cocurullo, Periklis Paganos, Giovanna Benvenuto, Maria Ina Arnone

“…In recent years, the molecular complexity of this apparently “simple” nervous system has become apparent, with at least 12 neuronal populations identified through scRNA-sequencing in the species Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Among these, there is a cluster of neurosecretory cells that produce a thyrotropin-releasing hormone-type neuropeptide (TRHergic) and that are also photosensory (expressing a Go-Opsin). …”
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The protein precursors of peptides that affect the mechanics of connective tissue and/or muscle in the echinoderm Apostichopus japonicus. by Maurice R Elphick

“…The A. japonicus SALMFamide precursor comprises eight putative neuropeptides including both L-type and F-type SALMFamides, which contrasts with previous findings from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus where L-type and F-type SALMFamides are encoded by different genes. …”
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RNA deep sequencing reveals differential microRNA expression during development of sea urchin and sea star. by Sabah Kadri, Veronica F Hinman, Panayiotis V Benos

“…The echinoderms, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (sea urchin) and Patiria miniata (sea star) are excellent model organisms for studying development with well-characterized transcriptional networks. …”
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The evolution and diversity of SALMFamide neuropeptides. by Maurice R Elphick, Sufyan Achhala, Natalia Martynyuk

“…In the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (class Echinoidea) there are two SALMFamide genes, one encoding L-type SALMFamides and a second encoding F-type SALMFamides, but hitherto it was not known if this applies to other echinoderms. …”
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Characterization of the highly variable immune response gene family, He185/333, in the sea urchin, Heliocidaris erythrogramma. by Mattias O Roth, Adam G Wilkins, Georgina M Cooke, David A Raftos, Sham V Nair

“…Originally discovered in the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, the products of this gene family participate in the anti-pathogen defenses of the host animals. …”
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Transcriptome analysis of the scleractinian coral Stylophora pistillata. by Sarit Karako-Lampert, Didier Zoccola, Mali Salmon-Divon, Mark Katzenellenbogen, Sylvie Tambutté, Anthony Bertucci, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Emeline Deleury, Denis Allemand, Oren Levy

“…Here, we present an EST library from Stylophora pistillata (Esper 1797) and systematically analyze the assembled transcripts compared to putative homologs from the complete proteomes of six well-characterized metazoans: Nematostella vectensis, Hydra magnipapillata, Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, Ciona intestinalis and Homo sapiens. …”
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Patterns of Mass Mortality among Rocky Shore Invertebrates across 100 km of Northeastern Pacific Coastline. by Laura J Jurgens, Laura Rogers-Bennett, Peter T Raimondi, Lauren M Schiebelhut, Michael N Dawson, Richard K Grosberg, Brian Gaylord

“…In late August 2011, formerly abundant intertidal populations of the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, a well-known ecosystem engineer), and the predatory six-armed sea star (Leptasterias sp.) were functionally extirpated from ~100 km of coastline. …”
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Phylogeny of Echinoderm Hemoglobins. by Ana B Christensen, Joseph L Herman, Maurice R Elphick, Kord M Kober, Daniel Janies, Gregorio Linchangco, Dean C Semmens, Xavier Bailly, Serge N Vinogradov, David Hoogewijs

“…We identified about 50 hemoglobins in sea urchin, starfish and sea cucumber genomes and transcriptomes, and used Bayesian inference to carry out a molecular phylogenetic analysis of their relationship to vertebrate sequences, specifically, to assess the hypothesis that the neuroglobin and cytoglobin lineages are also present in echinoderms.The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus encodes several hemoglobins, including a unique chimeric 14-domain globin, 2 androglobin isoforms and a unique single androglobin domain protein. …”
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Hormonal Regulation of Programmed Cell Death in Sea Urchin Metamorphosis by Hannah Wynen, Andreas Heyland

“…We then narrow our discussion to metamorphosis with a specific emphasis on sea urchins with indirect life histories and discuss the function of thyroid hormones and histamine in larval development, metamorphosis and settlement of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We were able to annotate the large majority of PCD related genes in the sea urchin S. purpuratus and ongoing studies on sea urchin metamorphosis will shed light on the regulatory architecture underlying this dramatic life history transition. …”
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Feedback circuits are numerous in embryonic gene regulatory networks and offer a stabilizing influence on evolution of those networks by Abdull Jesus Massri, Brennan McDonald, Gregory A. Wray, David R. McClay

“…Abstract The developmental gene regulatory networks (dGRNs) of two sea urchin species, Lytechinus variegatus (Lv) and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Sp), have remained remarkably similar despite about 50 million years since a common ancestor. …”
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Associations between DNA methylation and gene regulation depend on chromatin accessibility during transgenerational plasticity by Samuel N. Bogan, Marie E. Strader, Gretchen E. Hofmann

“…We quantified methylation and gene expression in larvae of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus exposed to different ecologically relevant conditions during gametogenesis (maternal conditioning) and modeled changes in gene expression and splicing resulting from maternal conditioning as functions of differential methylation, incorporating covariates for genomic features and chromatin accessibility. …”
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Sea urchin akt activity is Runx-dependent and required for post-cleavage stage cell division by Anthony J. Robertson, Alison Coluccio, Sarah Jensen, Katarina Rydlizky, James A. Coffman

“…To obtain a more comprehensive list of early runt-1 regulatory targets, we screened a Strongylocentrotus purpuratus microarray to identify genes mis-expressed in mid-blastula stage runt-1 morphants. …”
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