In-depth, high-accuracy proteomics of sea urchin tooth organic matrix by Mann Matthias, Poustka Albert J, Mann Karlheinz

“…The recent publication of the <it>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus </it>genome sequence rendered possible not only the identification of genes potentially coding for matrix proteins, but also the direct identification of proteins contained in matrices of skeletal elements by in-depth, high-accuracy proteomic analysis.…”
Get full text

Developmental transcriptomics of the brittle star Amphiura filiformis reveals gene regulatory network rewiring in echinoderm larval skeleton evolution by David V. Dylus, Anna Czarkwiani, Liisa M. Blowes, Maurice R. Elphick, Paola Oliveri

“…To address this issue, we have generated and assembled a large RNAseq data set of four key stages of development in the brittle star Amphiura filiformis and a de novo reference transcriptome of comparable quality to that of a model echinoderm—the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Furthermore, we provide access to the new data via a web interface: http://www.echinonet.eu/shiny/Amphiura_filiformis/. …”
Get full text

The skeletal proteome of the brittle star <em>Ophiothrix spiculata</em> identifies C-type lectins and other proteins conserved in echinoderm skeleton formation by Brian T. Livingston, Kayla Gonzales, Ryan W. Seaver, Rachel L. Flores

“…Our previous study comparing the skeletal proteome of the brittle star <em>Ophiocoma wendtii</em> to the published proteomes of the sea urchin <em>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</em> revealed some conservation of proteins, but indicated that the C-type lectin domain-containing spicule matrix proteins abundant in the sea urchin skeletal proteome were not conserved in the brittle star. …”
Get full text

The 10 sea urchin receptor for egg jelly proteins (SpREJ) are members of the polycystic kidney disease-1 (PKD1) family by Miyata Shinji, Kinukawa Masashi, Moy Gary W, Gunaratne H Jayantha, Mah Silvia A, Vacquier Victor D

“…The PKD1 proteins of the sea urchin, <it>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</it>, are referred to as the Receptor for Egg Jelly, or SpREJ proteins. …”
Get full text

Reconstructing SALMFamide neuropeptide precursor evolution in the phylum Echinodermata: ophiuroid and crinoid sequence data provide new insights by Maurice R Elphick, Dean C Semmens, Liisa M Blowes, Judith eLevine, Christopher J Lowe, Maria Ina Arnone, Melody S Clark

“…Analysis of genome/transcriptome sequence data from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Echinoidea), the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Holothuroidea) and the starfish Patiria miniata (Asteroidea) reveals that in each species there are two types of SALMFamide precursor: an L-type precursor comprising peptides with a C-terminal LxFamide-type motif and an F-type precursor solely or largely comprising peptides with a C-terminal FxFamide-type motif. …”
Get full text

SoxB2 in sea urchin development: implications in neurogenesis, ciliogenesis and skeletal patterning by Evgeniya Anishchenko, Maria Ina Arnone, Salvatore D’Aniello

“…Results Due to the relevant phylogenetic position within deuterostomes, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus represents an advantageous animal model in the field of evolutionary developmental biology. …”
Get full text

Ciliary photoreceptors in sea urchin larvae indicate pan-deuterostome cell type conservation by Jonathan E. Valencia, Roberto Feuda, Dan O. Mellott, Robert D. Burke, Isabelle S. Peter

“…Results Larvae of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus have photoreceptors that are positioned bilaterally in the oral/anterior apical neurogenic ectoderm. …”
Get full text

Sequencing and analysis of the gastrula transcriptome of the brittle star <it>Ophiocoma wendtii</it> by Vaughn Roy, Garnhart Nancy, Garey James R, Thomas W, Livingston Brian T

“…</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using existing databases, we identified brittle star transcripts that correspond to 3,385 genes, including 1,863 genes shared with the sea urchin <it>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</it> gastrula transcriptome. We characterized the functional classes of genes present in the transcriptome and compared them to those found in this sea urchin. …”
Get full text

The skeletal proteome of the sea star Patiria miniata and evolution of biomineralization in echinoderms by Rachel L. Flores, Brian T. Livingston

“…In echinoderms, proteomic analysis of the skeletal proteomes of mineralized tissues of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus prominently featured spicule matrix proteins with repetitive sequences linked to a C-type lectin domain. …”
Get full text

The SpTransformer Gene Family (Formerly Sp185/333) in the Purple Sea Urchin and the Functional Diversity of the Anti-Pathogen rSpTransformer-E1 Protein by L. Courtney Smith, Cheng Man Lun

“…The complex innate immune system of sea urchins is underpinned by several multigene families including the SpTransformer family (SpTrf; formerly Sp185/333) with estimates of ~50 members, although the family size is likely variable among individuals of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The genes are small with similar structure, are tightly clustered, and have several types of repeats in the second of two exons and that surround each gene. …”
Get full text

New hypotheses of cell type diversity and novelty from orthology-driven comparative single cell and nuclei transcriptomics in echinoderms by Anne Meyer, Carolyn Ku, William L Hatleberg, Cheryl A Telmer, Veronica Hinman

“…A comparison with Strongylocentrotus purpuratus embryo single-cell transcriptomes was performed using 1:1 orthologs to anchor and then compare gene expression patterns. …”
Get full text

The cis-regulatory system of the tbrain gene: Alternative use of multiple modules to promote skeletogenic expression in the sea urchin embryo by Wahl, Mary E., Hahn, Julie, Gora, Kasia G., Davidson, Eric H., Oliveri, Paola

“…Here we examine regulation of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus tbrain gene, a required activator of the skeletogenic specification state in the lineage descendant from the embryo micromeres. …”
Get full text

Molecular evolution of the reactive oxygen-generating NADPH oxidase (Nox/Duox) family of enzymes by Lambeth J David, Quinn Mark T, Kawahara Tsukasa

“…The sea urchin <it>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus </it>possesses the earliest Nox2 co-ortholog of vertebrate Nox1, 2, and 3, while Nox4 first appeared somewhat later in urochordates. …”
Get full text

Sperm chemotaxis is driven by the slope of the chemoattractant concentration field by Héctor Vicente Ramírez-Gómez, Vilma Jimenez Sabinina, Martín Velázquez Pérez, Carmen Beltran, Jorge Carneiro, Christopher D Wood, Idan Tuval, Alberto Darszon, Adán Guerrero

“…Through analyzing different chemoattractant gradient forms, we demonstrate for the first time that Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm are chemotactic and this response is consistent with frequency entrainment of two coupled physiological oscillators: i) the stimulus function and ii) the [Ca2+]i changes. …”
Get full text

Genome-wide identification and spatiotemporal expression analysis of cadherin superfamily members in echinoderms by Macie M. Chess, William Douglas, Josiah Saunders, Charles A. Ettensohn

“…We aimed to better characterize echinoderm cadherins by conducting phylogenetic analyses and examining the spatiotemporal expression patterns of cadherin-encoding genes during Strongylocentrotus purpuratus development. Results Our phylogenetic analyses conducted on two echinoid, three asteroid, and one crinoid species identified ten echinoderm cadherins, including one deuterostome-specific ortholog, cadherin-23, and an echinoderm-specific atypical cadherin that possibly arose in an echinoid-asteroid ancestor. …”
Get full text

Characterization of a novel glutamate dehydrogenase gene and its response to heat stress in the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by Chengda Li, Tanjun Zhao, Liyuan Ren, Dongyao Cui, Yaoyao Zhan, Yaqing Chang

“…Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the predicted SiGDH protein contained the conserved ELFV_dehydrog_N and ELFV_dehydrog domains and that this protein had the highest sequence identity with the GDH protein from Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Tissue-specific differences in SiGDH relative expression patterns and enzyme activity levels were observed, and the highest relative expression and total enzyme activity of SiGDH were determined to be in the gonad. …”
Get full text

Molecular evolution of <it>Phox</it>-related regulatory subunits for NADPH oxidase enzymes by Lambeth J David, Kawahara Tsukasa

“…The choanoflagellate <it>Monosiga brevicollis</it>, the unicellular organism that is the closest relatives of multicellular animals, encodes early prototypes of p22<it>phox</it>, p47<it>phox </it>as well as the earliest known Nox2-like ancestor of the Nox1-3 subfamily. p67<it>phox- </it>and p47<it>phox</it>-like genes are seen in the sea urchin <it>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus </it>and the limpet <it>Lottia gigantea </it>that also possess Nox2-like co-orthologs of vertebrate Nox1-3. …”
Get full text

The Recombinant Sea Urchin Immune Effector Protein, rSpTransformer-E1, Binds to Phosphatidic Acid and Deforms Membranes by Cheng Man Lun, Robin L. Samuel, Susan D. Gillmor, Anthony Boyd, L. Courtney Smith

“…The purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, possesses a sophisticated innate immune system that functions without adaptive capabilities and responds to pathogens effectively by expressing the highly diverse SpTransformer gene family (formerly the Sp185/333 gene family). …”
Get full text

Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis of SRCR Gene Superfamily in Invertebrates Reveals Massive and Independent Gene Expansions in the Sponge and Sea Urchin by Zhangjie Peng, Wei Zhang, Hailun Fu, Yuzhu Li, Chunyu Zhang, Jie Li, Jiulin Chan, Linlin Zhang

“…Our analysis shows extensive genome-wide duplications of the SRCR-SFs in <i>Amphimedon queenslandica</i> and <i>Strongylocentrotus purpuratus</i>. Further molecular evolution study reveals various patterns of conserved cysteines in the sponge and sea urchin SRCR-SFs, indicating independent and convergent evolution of SRCR-SF expansion during invertebrate evolution. …”
Get full text

How ocean warming and acidification affect the life cycle of six worldwide commercialised sea urchin species: A review by Thomas Uboldi, Frédéric Olivier, Laurent Chauvaud, Réjean Tremblay

“…In this review, we rely on the estimated physiological limits of six commercialised species of sea urchins (Loxechinus albus, Mesocentrotus franciscanus, Paracentrotus lividus, Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, Strongylocentrotus intermedius and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) to define the vulnerability (or resilience) of their populations facing ocean warming and acidification (OW&A). …”
Get full text