Behavior and Ecology of Silky Sharks Around the Chagos Archipelago and Evidence of Indian Ocean Wide Movement by David J. Curnick, David J. Curnick, Samantha Andrzejaczek, David M. P. Jacoby, Daniel M. Coffey, Aaron B. Carlisle, Taylor K. Chapple, Taylor K. Chapple, Francesco Ferretti, Robert J. Schallert, Timothy White, Timothy White, Barbara A. Block, Heather J. Koldewey, Heather J. Koldewey, Ben Collen

“…We observed high fidelity to the MPA, and a sustained diurnal association with a seamount complex, with individuals moving off at night and returning at sunrise. Yet, we also observed large-scale divergent movements in two satellite tagged individuals and documented the furthest recorded displacement distance for a satellite tagged silky shark to date, with one individual moving from the MPA to the Kenyan coast—a displacement distance of 3,549 km (track distance ∼4,782 km). …”
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Measurements of diurnal variations and eddy covariance (EC) fluxes of glyoxal in the tropical marine boundary layer: description of the Fast LED-CE-DOAS instrument by S. Coburn, I. Ortega, R. Thalman, B. Blomquist, C. W. Fairall, R. Volkamer

“…Consistently, maxima are observed at sunrise (NH: 35 ± 5 pptv; SH: 47 ± 7 pptv), and minima at dusk (NH: 27 ± 5 pptv; SH: 35 ± 8 pptv). …”
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Opportunities and challenges to integrating mental health into HIV programs in a low- and middle-income country: insights from the Nigeria implementation science Alliance by Echezona E. Ezeanolue, Theddeus Iheanacho, Isaac A. Adedeji, Ijeoma Uchenna Itanyi, Babayemi Olakunde, Dina Patel, Patrick Dakum, Prosper Okonkwo, Timothy Akinmurele, Michael Obiefune, Hadiza Khamofu, Bolanle Oyeledun, Muyiwa Aina, Andy Eyo, Obinna Oleribe, John Oko, Ayodotun Olutola, Ibrahim Gobir, Muktar H. Aliyu, Gambo Aliyu, Godfrey Woelk, Gregory Aarons, George Siberry, Rachel Sturke, Nigeria Implementation Science Alliance

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Long-Term Measurements of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height in Central Amazonia Using Remote Sensing Instruments by Carla Maria Alves Souza, Cléo Quaresma Dias-Júnior, Flávio Augusto F. D’Oliveira, Hardiney Santos Martins, Rayonil Gomes Carneiro, Bruno Takeshi Tanaka Portela, Gilberto Fisch

“…Finally, it was observed that the growth rate of the ABL during the early hours after sunrise varies from month to month (intraseasonal variability), reaching its maximum values in September and October (about 210 ± 53 m h<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 217 ± 59 m h<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively) and minimum values in April and July (approximately 159 ± 48 m h<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula> and 159 ± 50 m h<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></semantics></math></inline-formula>, respectively). …”
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The effect of radiometer placement and view on inferred directional and hemispheric radiometric temperatures of an urban canopy by C. Adderley, A. Christen, J. A. Voogt

“…The effects of effective anisotropy are highest in the daytime, particularly around sunrise and sunset when different views can lead to differences in <i>T</i>_0,d(&phi;,&Omega;) that are as high as 3.5 K. …”
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Extratos vegetais no controle da antracnose e na conservação da qualidade em frutos de mamoeiro by A.C.F. DEMARTELAERE, G.H.C. GUIMARÃES, J.A. SILVA, R.G. LUNA, C.L. NASCIMENTO

“…RESUMO O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a ação antifúngica dos extratos de Allamanda blanchetti A.DC. e Momordica charantia L. no controle de Colletotrichumgloesporioides e qualidade pós-colheita em frutos de mamoeiro da cultivar Sunrise solo. Os experimentos foram conduzidos nos Laboratório de Fitopatologia e Laboratório de Produtos de Origem Animal, CCA-UFPB, Campus.II, Areia-PB. …”
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The role of dew as a night-time reservoir and morning source for atmospheric ammonia by G. R. Wentworth, J. G. Murphy, K. B. Benedict, E. J. Bangs, J. L. Collett Jr.

“…Assuming a boundary layer height of 150 m, the average mole ratio of NH₄⁺ in dew to NH₃ in the boundary layer at sunrise is roughly 1.6 ± 0.7. Furthermore, the observed loss of NH₃ during nights with dew is approximately equal to the observed amount of NH₄⁺ sequestered in dew at the onset of evaporation. …”
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The River Runner: a low-cost sensor prototype for continuous dissolved greenhouse gas measurements by M. Dalvai Ragnoli, G. Singer

“…Gas measurements are done in a confined gas space, which is rapidly equilibrated with the water phase through a single-layer polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane, by a miniature non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) sensor for CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> (Sunrise sensor, Senseair, Sweden) and a cheap metal oxide sensor for CH<span class="inline-formula">₄</span> (TGS2611-E, Figaro Engineering Inc., Japan). …”
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Measurement report: Short-term variation in ammonia concentrations in an urban area increased by mist evaporation and emissions from a forest canopy with bird droppings by K. Osada

“…High daily maximum <span class="inline-formula">NH₃</span> concentrations were characterized by a rapid increase occurring 2–4&thinsp;h after local sunrise. In summer, peak <span class="inline-formula">NH₃</span> concentrations at around 08:00 local time (LT) in sunny weather were greater than in cloudy weather, suggesting that direct sunlight particularly boosts the morning peak. …”
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Validation of ACE and OSIRIS ozone and NO₂ measurements using ground-based instruments at 80° N by A. Pazmino, B. Pavlovic, J.-H. Park, C. A. McLinden, J. Mendonca, C. T. McElroy, G. Manney, R. Lindenmaier, F. Kolonjari, F. Hendrick, F. Goutail, A. Fraser, C. Fayt, E. Farahani, P. F. Fogal, J. R. Drummond, W. H. Daffer, D. Degenstein, C. Boone, S. Brohede, P. F. Bernath, R. L. Batchelor, K. Strong, C. Adams, C. Roth, V. Savastiouk, K. A. Walker, D. Weaver, X. Zhao

“…For NO₂, the addition of a ±1° latitude coincidence criterion improved spring-time intercomparison results, likely due to the sharp latitudinal gradient of NO₂ during polar sunrise. The differences between satellite and ground-based measurements do not show any obvious trends over the missions, indicating that both the ACE and OSIRIS instruments continue to perform well.…”
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Diurnal variability of stratospheric column NO₂ measured using direct solar and lunar spectra over Table Mountain, California (34.38°&thinsp;N) by K.-F. Li, R. Khoury, T. J. Pongetti, S. P. Sander, F. P. Mills, Y. L. Yung, Y. L. Yung

“…The measured 24 h cycle of stratospheric column NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> on clean days agrees with a 1-D photochemical model calculation, including the monotonic changes during daytime and nighttime due to the exchange with the N<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>O<span class="inline-formula">₅</span> reservoir and the abrupt changes at sunrise and sunset due to the activation or deactivation of the NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> photodissociation. …”
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Remote sensing of volcanic CO₂, HF, HCl, SO₂, and BrO in the downwind plume of Mt. Etna by A. Butz, A. S. Dinger, N. Bobrowski, J. Kostinek, L. Fieber, C. Fischerkeller, G. B. Giuffrida, F. Hase, F. Klappenbach, J. Kuhn, P. Lübcke, L. Tirpitz, Q. Tu

“…The 3 days reported here cover several plume traverses and a sunrise measurement. For all days, intra-plume HF, HCl, SO₂, and BrO vertical column densities (VCDs) were reliably measured exceeding 5  × 10¹⁶, 2  × 10¹⁷, 5  × 10¹⁷, and 1  × 10¹⁴ molec cm⁻², with an estimated precision of 2.2  × 10¹⁵, 1.3  × 10¹⁶, 3.6  × 10¹⁶, and 1.3  × 10¹³ molec cm⁻², respectively. …”
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Integration of airborne and ground observations of nitryl chloride in the Seoul metropolitan area and the implications on regional oxidation capacity during KORUS-AQ 2016 by D. Jeong, R. Seco, D. Gu, D. Gu, Y. Lee, B. A. Nault, B. A. Nault, C. J. Knote, T. Mcgee, J. T. Sullivan, J. L. Jimenez, J. L. Jimenez, P. Campuzano-Jost, P. Campuzano-Jost, D. R. Blake, D. Sanchez, A. B. Guenther, D. Tanner, L. G. Huey, R. Long, B. E. Anderson, S. R. Hall, K. Ullmann, H. Shin, S. C. Herndon, Y. Lee, D. Kim, J. Ahn, S. Kim

“…Significant levels of <span class="inline-formula">ClNO₂</span> were observed at both sites for 4–5&thinsp;h after sunrise. Airborne observations, box model calculations, and back-trajectory analysis consistently show that these high levels of <span class="inline-formula">ClNO₂</span> in the morning are likely from vertical or horizontal transport of air masses from the west. …”
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Identifying Factors Affecting the Adoption of Sport Tourism in The Desert (Case Study: Yazd University Students) by Elahe Kahdouei, Farzam Farzan, Mahbobeh Abedi Samakosh

“…They can engage in various activities such as walking on sand dunes, watching the surfaces of salt marshes, salty rivers, seeing the clear sky and stars at night and the sunrise. The literature and research background indicate that the majority of research has concentrated on the factors or obstacles that contribute to the development of tourism in the desert, or the motivations of tourists. …”
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Arsenic in private well water and birth outcomes in the United States by Catherine M. Bulka, Molly Scannell Bryan, Melissa A. Lombard, Scott M. Bartell, Daniel K. Jones, Paul M. Bradley, Veronica M. Vieira, Debra T. Silverman, Michael Focazio, Patricia L. Toccalino, Johnni Daniel, Lorraine C. Backer, Joseph D. Ayotte, Matthew O. Gribble, Maria Argos

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Significant enhancements of the mesospheric Na layer bottom below 75&thinsp;km observed by a full-diurnal-cycle lidar at Beijing (40.41°&thinsp;N, 116.01°&thinsp;E), China by Y. Xia, Y. Xia, J. Jiao, S. Nozawa, X. Cheng, J. Wang, C. Shi, L. Du, Y. Li, H. Zheng, F. Li, G. Yang, G. Yang

“…Different from the previous reported metal layer bottom enhancements mainly contributed by photolysis after sunrise, these observational results suggest more critical contributions were made by the Na neutral chemical reactions to the Na layer bottom extensions reported here. …”
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Seasonal and Microphysical Characteristics of Fog at a Northern Airport in Alberta, Canada by Faisal S. Boudala, Di Wu, George A. Isaac, Ismail Gultepe

“…All fog types usually form at night or early morning and dissipate after sunrise. The observed dense fog events (Vis < 400 m) were mainly caused by RF. …”
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Solar zenith angle dependencies of F1-layer, <i>Nm</i>F2 negative disturbance, and G-condition occurrence probabilities by V. V. Lobzin, V. V. Lobzin, A. V. Pavlov

“…The F1-layer and G condition are more commonly formed near midday than close to post sunrise or pre-sunset. The chance that the day-time F1-layer and G condition will be formed is greater in summer than in winter at the given solar zenith angle in latitude ranges 2–5, while the F1-layer occurrence probability is greater in winter than in summer for any solar zenith angle in latitude range 1. …”
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Breakup of nocturnal low-level stratiform clouds during the southern West African monsoon season by M. Zouzoua, F. Lohou, P. Assamoi, M. Lothon, V. Yoboue, C. Dione, N. Kalthoff, B. Adler, K. Babić, X. Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, S. Derrien

“…In agreement with previous numerical studies, we found that the stratiform cloud maintenance before sunrise results from the interplay between the predominant radiative cooling, entrainment and large-scale subsidence at its top.…”
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Retrievals of chlorine chemistry kinetic parameters from Antarctic ClO microwave radiometer measurements by S. Kremser, R. Schofield, G. E. Bodeker, B. J. Connor, M. Rex, J. Barret, T. Mooney, R. J. Salawitch, T. Canty, K. Frieler, M. P. Chipperfield, U. Langematz, W. Feng

“…During day-time the loss of the ClO dimer chlorine peroxide (ClOOCl) occurs mainly by photolysis. Some time after sunrise, a photochemical equilibrium is established and the ClO/ClOOCl partitioning is determined by the ratio of the photolysis frequency, &lt;i&gt;J&lt;/i&gt;, and the dimer formation rate, &lt;i&gt;k&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;f&lt;/sub&gt;. …”
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