Published 2022
“…This chapter examines Helsinki’s status as the Finnish capital under the period of Russian rule (1808–1917) and in the first decade of independence, exploring the parallel histories of its Finnish- and
Swedish-language institutions. Challenging accounts that have emphasised national Romanticism, a search for self-determination and a rejection of Russian influence as decisive aspects of Finnish nineteenth-century culture, it foregrounds instead cosmopolitanism and linguistic hybridity as key facets of the city’s make-up. …”
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