Alzheimer’s Disease: Models and Molecular Mechanisms Informing Disease and Treatments by Kaden L. Nystuen, Shannon M. McNamee, Monica Akula, Kristina M. Holton, Margaret M. DeAngelis, Neena B. Haider

“…The most common variants in the Aβ pathway in <i>APP</i>, <i>PSEN1,</i> and <i>PSEN2</i> are largely responsible for early-onset AD (EOAD), while <i>MAPT</i>, <i>APOE</i>, <i>TREM2</i> and <i>ABCA7</i> have a modifying effect on late-onset AD (LOAD). …”
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Molecular Characteristics of High-Dose Melphalan Associated Oral Mucositis in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Gene Expression Study on Human Mucosa. by Mette Marcussen, Julie Støve Bødker, Heidi Søgaard Christensen, Preben Johansen, Søren Nielsen, Ilse Christiansen, Olav Jonas Bergmann, Martin Bøgsted, Karen Dybkær, Mogens Vyberg, Hans Erik Johnsen

“…Compared to gene expression levels before and 20 days after therapy, at two days after melphalan treatment, we found gene regulation in the p53 and TNF pathways (MDM2, INPPD5, TIGAR), which favored anti-apoptotic defense, and upregulation of immunoregulatory genes (TREM2, LAMP3) in mucosal dendritic cells. This upregulation was independent of clinical mucositis. …”
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Advancing Alzheimer’s care: a novel therapy with lecanemab by Advait Teli, Priti Dhande

“…Various studies are being conducted to find the efficacy of drugs targeting the complex pathology of AD, such as the tau targeting E2814, E2025 and E2511 protecting the cholinergic neurons, TREM2 agonists P522R prevent the microglial dysfunction. …”
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Bulk and single-cell characterisation of the immune heterogeneity of atherosclerosis identifies novel targets for immunotherapy by Jie Xiong, Zhaoyue Li, Hao Tang, Yuchen Duan, Xiaofang Ban, Ke Xu, Yutong Guo, Yingfeng Tu

“…Notably, we identified two subpopulations of foamy macrophages that exhibit contrasting phenotypes. Among them, TREM2- SPP1+ foamy macrophages were preferentially distributed in the hypoxic core of plaques. …”
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Galectin-3-Mediated Glial Crosstalk Drives Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and (Re)myelination by Laura Thomas, Laura Thomas, Laura Andrea Pasquini, Laura Andrea Pasquini

“…During remyelination, microglia-expressed Gal-3 favors an M2 microglial phenotype, hence fostering myelin debris phagocytosis through TREM-2b phagocytic receptor and OLG differentiation. …”
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Exploratory Assessment of Proteomic Network Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Mild Cognitive Impairment Patients: A Pilot Study by Aida Kamalian, Sara G. Ho, Megha Patel, Alexandria Lewis, Arnold Bakker, Marilyn Albert, Richard J. O’Brien, Abhay Moghekar, Michael W. Lutz

“…Moreover, some of the well-replicated, differentially expressed proteins in CSF included: ITGAM, ITGB2, C1QA, TREM2, GFAP, NEFL, MMP-10, and a novel tau-related marker, SCRN1. (4) Conclusion: Our results highlight the upregulation of neuroinflammatory pathways, especially chemotactic and granulocyte recruitment in CSF of early AD patients.…”
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Natural genetic variation determines microglia heterogeneity in wild-derived mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease by Hongtian Stanley Yang, Kristen D. Onos, Kwangbom Choi, Kelly J. Keezer, Daniel A. Skelly, Gregory W. Carter, Gareth R. Howell

“…For each subtype, significant differences in the expression of many genes are observed in wild-derived strains relative to B6, including 19 genes previously associated with human AD including Apoe, Trem2, and Sorl1. This resource is critical in the development of appropriately targeted therapeutics for AD and other neurological diseases.…”
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Microglial Drug Targets in AD: Opportunities and Challenges in Drug Discovery and Development by Knut Biber, Anindya Bhattacharya, Brian M. Campbell, Justin R. Piro, Michael Rohe, Roland G.W. Staal, Robert V. Talanian, Thomas Möller

“…In this article, we will illustrate the special challenges of AD drug discovery by discussing the viability/practicality of possible microglia drug targets including cluster of differentiation 33 (CD33), KCa3.1, kynurenines, ionotropic P2 receptor 7 (P2X7), programmed death-1 (PD-1), Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2).…”
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Isoform-Specific Effects of Apolipoprotein E on Markers of Inflammation and Toxicity in Brain Glia and Neuronal Cells In Vitro by Jaclyn Iannucci, Abhik Sen, Paula Grammas

“…In response to ApoE2 or ApoE3, microglial cells showed reduced levels of microglial activation markers TREM2 and Clec7a, while ApoE4 induced increased levels of both markers. …”
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Molecular characterization of antigen-peptide pulsed dendritic cells: immature dendritic cells develop a distinct molecular profile when pulsed with antigen peptide. by Amy X Yang, Numju Chong, Yufei Jiang, Jennifer Catalano, Raj K Puri, Samir N Khleif

“…The E7 peptide up-modulated immune response (KPNA7, IGSF6, NCR3, TREM2, TUBAL3, IL8, NFKBIA), pro-apoptosis (BTG1, SEMA6A, IGFBP3 and SRGN), anti-apoptosis (NFKBIA), DNA repair (MRPS11, RAD21, TXNRD1), and cell adhesion and cell migration genes (EPHA1, PGF, IL8 and CYR61) in iDCs. …”
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Long-term radiofrequency electromagnetic fields exposure attenuates cognitive dysfunction in 5×FAD mice by regulating microglial function by Yeonghoon Son, Hye-Jin Park, Ye Ji Jeong, Hyung-Do Choi, Nam Kim, Hae-June Lee

“…Notably, the expression levels of genes related to microglial function, including Trem2, Fcgr1a, Ctss, and Spi1, were decreased after long-term radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure, which was also observed in response to microglial suppression by PLX3397. …”
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A molecular characterization and clinical relevance of microglia-like cells derived from patients with panic disorder by Min-Jung You, Chan Rim, Minji Bang, Soyoung Sung, Hui-Ju Kim, Sang-Hyuk Lee, Min-Soo Kwon

“…In addition, we found that patient-derived iMGs showed reduced phagocytosis and increased TREM2 expression. We analyzed the phenotype of the PD-iMGs by RNA sequencing. …”
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Environment and Gene Association With Obesity and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases by María Teresa Flores-Dorantes, Yael Efren Díaz-López, Yael Efren Díaz-López, Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar, Ruth Gutiérrez-Aguilar

“…Moreover, in the last decades, the discovery of new genes associated with obesity (FTO, NRXN3, NPC1, NEGR1, MTCH2, GNPDA2, among others) and with neurodegenerative or neurodevelopmental diseases (APOE, CD38, SIRT1, TNFα, PAI-1, TREM2, SYT4, FMR1, TET3, among others) had opened new pathways to comprehend the common mechanisms involved in these diseases. …”
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PDMS Micropatterns Coated with PDA and RGD Induce a Regulatory Macrophage-like Phenotype by Hoang Lan Pham, Da Hyun Yang, Woo Ri Chae, Jong Hyeok Jung, Thi Xoan Hoang, Nae Yoon Lee, Jae Young Kim

“…The cells grown on the PDA+RGD-coated 3D micropatterns (20-µm width/20-µm space) exhibited the most elongated morphology and strongest expression levels of Mreg markers, such as CD163, CD206, CD209, CD274, MER-TK, TREM2, and DHRS9. The present study demonstrated that PDA+RGD-coated 3D PDMS micropatterns successfully induced Mreg-like cells from THP-1 cells within four days without the use of cytokines, suggesting a time- and cost-effective method to generate Mreg-like cells in vitro.…”
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Modulation of microglial metabolism facilitates regeneration in demyelination by Chuan Qin, Sheng Yang, Man Chen, Ming-Hao Dong, Luo-Qi Zhou, Yun-Hui Chu, Zhu-Xia Shen, Dale B. Bosco, Long-Jun Wu, Dai-Shi Tian, Wei Wang

“…In addition, microglial triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) was greatly involved in the phenotype transition in demyelination, but not indispensable for microglia transition toward PEMs. …”
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Alzheimer’s Disease and Premature Ovarian Insufficiency by Svetlana Vujović, Miomira Ivović, Milina Tančić Gajić, Ljiljana Marina, Svetlana Pavlović Jovičić, Natalija Pavlović, Milena Eric Jovičić

“…We measured some of the typical markers of AD in women with POI such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tissue necrosis factor α (TNFα), TAU1, TREM2, and amyloid precursor proteins (APP). While FSH, LH, and IL-8 were significantly higher in POI group, compared to controls, testosterone and DHEAS were lower. …”
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Comprehensive genetic screening of early-onset dementia patients in an Austrian cohort-suggesting new disease-contributing genes by Sara Silvaieh, Theresa König, Raphael Wurm, Tandis Parvizi, Evelyn Berger-Sieczkowski, Stella Goeschl, Christoph Hotzy, Matias Wagner, Riccardo Berutti, Esther Sammler, Elisabeth Stögmann, Alexander Zimprich

“…Definite and possible risk variants were detected in the genes TREM2, SORL1, ABCA7 and TBK1. In an explorative approach, we cross-checked rare gene variants in our cohort with a curated neurodegeneration candidate gene list and identified DCTN1, MAPK8IP3, LRRK2, VPS13C and BACE1 as promising candidate genes. …”
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A novel systems biology approach to evaluate mouse models of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease by Christoph Preuss, Ravi Pandey, Erin Piazza, Alexander Fine, Asli Uyar, Thanneer Perumal, Dylan Garceau, Kevin P. Kotredes, Harriet Williams, Lara M. Mangravite, Bruce T. Lamb, Adrian L. Oblak, Gareth R. Howell, Michael Sasner, Benjamin A. Logsdon, the MODEL-AD Consortium, Gregory W. Carter

“…Analysis of the 5xFAD mouse, a widely used amyloid pathology model, and three mouse models based on LOAD genetics carrying APOE4 and TREM2*R47H alleles demonstrated overlaps with distinct human AD modules that, in turn, were functionally enriched in key disease-associated pathways. …”
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Differential Phagocytic Properties of CD45low Microglia and CD45high Brain Mononuclear Phagocytes—Activation and Age-Related Effects by Srikant Rangaraju, Syed Ali Raza, Noel Xiang’An Li, Ranjita Betarbet, Eric B. Dammer, Duc Duong, James J. Lah, Nicholas T. Seyfried, Allan I. Levey

“…CD45high CNS MPs also highly upregulate TREM2, CD11c, and several disease-associated microglia signature genes and have a higher phagocytic capacity for Aβ as compared to CD45low microglia in the 5xFAD mouse model of AD that becomes more apparent with aging. …”
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Interrogation of human microglial phagocytosis by CRISPR genome editing by Jason Cheng-Yu Chang, Cheng-You Wang, Steven Lin, Steven Lin

“…We also inserted a synthetic SFFV promoter to efficiently upregulate the expression of endogenous CD14 and TREM2 genes associated with microglial phagocytosis. …”
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