The Accuracy and Potential Racial and Ethnic Biases of GPT-4 in the Diagnosis and Triage of Health Conditions: Evaluation Study by Naoki Ito, Sakina Kadomatsu, Mineto Fujisawa, Kiyomitsu Fukaguchi, Ryo Ishizawa, Naoki Kanda, Daisuke Kasugai, Mikio Nakajima, Tadahiro Goto, Yusuke Tsugawa

“…For each of the 45 clinical vignettes, GPT-4 and 3 board-certified physicians provided the most likely primary diagnosis and triage level (emergency, nonemergency, or self-care). Independent reviewers evaluated the diagnoses as “correct” or “incorrect.” …”
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Digital Devices for Assessing Motor Functions in Mobility-Impaired and Healthy Populations: Systematic Literature Review by Christine C Guo, Patrizia Andrea Chiesa, Carl de Moor, Mir Sohail Fazeli, Thomas Schofield, Kimberly Hofer, Shibeshih Belachew, Alf Scotland

“…Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by 2 independent reviewers. ResultsA total of 91 publications representing 87 unique studies were included. …”
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Post-imaging colorectal cancer or interval cancer rates after CT colonography: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Obaro, AE, Plumb, AA, Fanshawe, TR, Torres, US, Baldwin-Cleland, R, Taylor, SA, Halligan, S, Burling, DN

“…We contacted authors of component studies for additional data where necessary for retrospective CT colonography image review and causes for each post-imaging colorectal cancer. Two independent reviewers extracted data from the study reports. …”

Infliximab for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. by Blumenauer, B, Judd, M, Wells, G, Burls, A, Cranney, A, Hochberg, M, Tugwell, P

“…DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data was extracted by 2 independent reviewers and the methodological quality of the trials was assessed using a validated assessment tool scale. …”

Programme characteristics associated with weight change following behavioural weight loss programmes: a systematic review and meta-analysis by Hartmann-Boyce, J, Theodoulou, A, Oke, J, Butler, A, Hobbs, F, Jebb, S, Aveyard, P

“…</p> <p><strong>Eligibility criteria for selecting studies:</strong> Randomised trials of BWMPs in adults with overweight/obesity reporting outcomes at >=12 months, including at and after programme end, were identified by two independent reviewers. Two reviewers independently screened with discrepancies resolved through discussion. 5% of the studies identified in the searches met the inclusion criteria.…”

Perinatal outcomes associated with maternal HIV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. by Wedi, C, Kirtley, S, Hopewell, S, Corrigan, R, Kennedy, S, Hemelaar, J

“…We aimed to establish whether untreated maternal HIV infection is associated with specific perinatal outcomes.We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of the scientific literature by searching PubMed, CINAHL (Ebscohost), Global Health (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and four clinical trial databases (WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the Pan African Clinical Trials Registry, the ClinicalTrials.gov database, and the ISRCTN Registry) for studies published from Jan 1, 1980, to Dec 7, 2014. Two authors independently reviewed the studies retrieved by the scientific literature search, identified relevant studies, and extracted the data. …”

Nervous and Muscular Adverse Events after COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials by Jiaxin Chen, Yuangui Cai, Yicong Chen, Anthony P. Williams, Yifang Gao, Jinsheng Zeng

“…The PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched from inception to 2 June 2021. Two independent reviewers selected the study and extracted the data. …”
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Effects of dancing on physical activity levels of children and adolescents: a systematic review by Gabriela Cristina dos Santos, Jéssica do Nascimento Queiroz, Álvaro Reischak-Oliveira, Josianne Rodrigues-Krause

“…Methodological quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Two independent reviewers extracted characteristics and results of each study. …”
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The efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for sciatica: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails by Zhihui Zhang, Zhihui Zhang, Tingting Hu, Tingting Hu, Peiyan Huang, Peiyan Huang, Mengning Yang, Mengning Yang, Zheng Huang, Zheng Huang, Yawen Xia, Yawen Xia, Xinchang Zhang, Xinchang Zhang, Xiaolin Zhang, Guangxia Ni, Guangxia Ni

“…In this review, we aimed to critically assess the published clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy for treating sciatica.MethodsAn extensive literature search strategy was established in seven databases from their inception to 31 March 2022. Two independent reviewers performed the literature search, identification, and screening. …”
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The Reporting Quality of Machine Learning Studies on Pediatric Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review by Zsombor Zrubka, Gábor Kertész, László Gulácsi, János Czere, Áron Hölgyesi, Hossein Motahari Nezhad, Amir Mosavi, Levente Kovács, Atul J Butte, Márta Péntek

“…In studies following the ML workflow of training, validation, and testing of results, reporting quality was assessed via MI-CLAIM by consensus judgments of independent reviewer pairs. Positive answers to the 17 binary items regarding sufficient reporting were qualitatively summarized and counted as a proxy measure of reporting quality. …”
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Assessing the decision quality of artificial intelligence and oncologists of different experience in different regions in breast cancer treatment by Chunguang Han, Chunguang Han, Yubo Pan, Yubo Pan, Chang Liu, Chang Liu, Xiaowei Yang, Xiaowei Yang, Jianbin Li, Kun Wang, Zhengkui Sun, Hui Liu, Gongsheng Jin, Fang Fang, Xiaofeng Pan, Tong Tang, Xiao Chen, Shiyong Pang, Li Ma, Xiaodong Wang, Yun Ren, Mengyou Liu, Feng Liu, Mengxue Jiang, Jiqi Zhao, Chenyang Lu, Zhengdong Lu, Dongjing Gao, Zefei Jiang, Jing Pei, Jing Pei

“…In addition, the CDSS and guideline expert groups independently review all cases and generate “CDSS Recommendations” and “Guideline Recommendations” respectively. …”
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Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian women of childbearing age: a systematic review with meta-analysis by Mateus Macena, Dafiny Praxedes, Ana Debora De Oliveira, Déborah Paula, Maykon Barros, André Silva Júnior, Witiane Araújo, Isabele Pureza, Ingrid Sofia de Melo, Nassib Bueno

“…Studies that had assessed the prevalence of IDA in Brazilian women of childbearing age (10–49 years) were included. Three independent reviewers read all titles and abstracts and extracted data from the included studies. …”
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General ecosystem health indicators – A scoping review by Gillian Penn, Luís Pedro Carmo, Elena Boriani, Michelle Gallagher, Christi Piper, John Berezowski, Barry J. McMahon, Thomas Jaenisch

“…The second and third stages were conducted by two independent reviewers. Key ecosystem health indicator terms were extracted from the final article list and categorized into composite terms or individual indicators for the assessment of general ecosystem health. …”
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Percutaneous Versus Surgical Insertion of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by Anirudh Agarwal, Reid H. Whitlock, Ryan J. Bamforth, Thomas W. Ferguson, Jenna M. Sabourin, Qiming Hu, Sean Armstrong, Claudio Rigatto, Navdeep Tangri, Sara Dunsmore, Paul Komenda

“…Data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers based on a preformed template. Patients: Adult (aged 18+) patients with kidney failure who underwent a PD catheter insertion procedure. …”
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Metformin Use Is Associated with Decreased Mortality in COVID-19 Patients with Diabetes: Evidence from Retrospective Studies and Biological Mechanism by Tahmina Nasrin Poly, Md. Mohaimenul Islam, Yu-Chuan (Jack) Li, Ming-Chin Lin, Min-Huei Hsu, Yao-Chin Wang

“…The search and collection of relevant articles was carried out between 1 February 2020, and 20 June 2021. Two independent reviewers extracted information from selected studies. …”
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A scoping review of ‘Pacing’ for management of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS): lessons learned for the long COVID pandemic by Nilihan E. M. Sanal-Hayes, Marie Mclaughlin, Lawrence D. Hayes, Jacqueline L. Mair, Jane Ormerod, David Carless, Natalie Hilliard, Rachel Meach, Joanne Ingram, Nicholas F. Sculthorpe

“…Review selection and characterisation was performed by two independent reviewers using pretested forms. Results Authors reviewed 177 titles and abstracts, resulting in 17 included studies: three randomised control trials (RCTs); one uncontrolled trial; one interventional case series; one retrospective observational study; two prospective observational studies; four cross-sectional observational studies; and five cross-sectional analytical studies. …”
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Prevalence of hyperdense paraspinal vein sign in patients with spontaneous intracranial hypotension without dural CSF leak on standard CT myelography by Michael S. Clark, Felix E. Diehn, Jared T. Verdoorn, Vance T. Lehman, Greta B. Liebo, Jonathan M. Morris, Kent R. Thielen, John T. Wald, Neeraj Kumar, Patrick H. Luetmer

“…All CTMs deemed by a single reader to be positive for the hyperdense paraspinal vein sign were independently reviewed by two additional neuroradiologists; findings were considered positive only if consensus was present among all three readers. …”
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The rate and predictors of healing of repaired lesser tuberosity osteotomy in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty by Benjamin Zmistowski, MD, Sean V. Cahill, MD, J. Ryan Hill, MD, Joseph T. Gibian, MD, Ruba Sokrab, BS, Jay D. Keener, MD, Alexander W. Aleem, MD

“…At a minimum of six months, radiographs were reviewed for an assessment of LTO healing by three independent reviewers. Healing was classified as displaced, fibrous union, or ossified union. …”
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Spiritual intelligence and professional nursing practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Amir Masoud Sharifnia, Ritin Fernandez, Heidi Green, Ibrahim Alananzeh

“…Screening, quality assessments, data extractions, and analysis were undertaken using Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and carried out by two independent reviewers. Results: Thirty-five studies, with a total of 7301 nurses, were included. …”
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Systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of spontaneous nystagmus patterns in acute vestibular syndrome by Martina Wüthrich, Zheyu Wang, Zheyu Wang, Carlos Mario Martinez, Sergio Carmona, Georgios Mantokoudis, Alexander Andrea Tarnutzer, Alexander Andrea Tarnutzer

“…Here we assessed patterns of spontaneous nystagmus (SN) observed in AVS and its diagnostic accuracy at the bedside.MethodsMEDLINE and Embase were searched for studies (1980–2022) reporting on the bedside diagnostic accuracy of SN-patterns in AVS patients. Two independent reviewers determined inclusion. We identified 4,186 unique citations, examined 219 full manuscripts, and analyzed 39 studies. …”
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