Serum lactate is a useful predictor of death in severe sepsis and septic shock by Jafar Malmir, Ehsan Bolvardi, Monavar Afzal Aghaee

“…The serum lactate level can help in determining prognosis and to risk-stratify patients with severe sepsis. This independent review of the literature includes 83 studies published in all electronic-based database such as Elsevier, PubMed, and SID during the last 18 years (40–320 patients in each). …”
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The Suspected Infected Prosthetic Joint: Clinical Acumen and Added Value of Laboratory Investigations. by Cathy A Petti, Gregory J Stoddard, Merle A Sande, Matthew H Samore, Keith E Simmon, Aaron Hofmann

“…A reference diagnostic standard was determined retrospectively by independent review from 3 infectious diseases physicians. …”
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The need for independent research on the health effects of glyphosate-based herbicides by Philip J. Landrigan, Fiorella Belpoggi

“…Two recent reviews of glyphosate’s health hazards report conflicting results. An independent review by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) found that glyphosate is a “probable human carcinogen”. …”
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Ethics framework for treatment use of investigational drugs by Jan Borysowski, Andrzej Górski

“…These include a justified need for the use of an ID, no threat to clinical development of the ID, adequate scientific evidence to support the treatment, patient’s benefit as the primary goal of the use of an ID, informed decision of a patient, fair access of patients to IDs, independent review, as well as the dissemination of treatment results. …”
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Maximising the benefits of participatory climate adaptation research by understanding and managing the associated challenges and risks by Cvitanovic, C, Howden, M, Colvin, R, Norström, A, Meadow, A, Addison, P

“…Based on this we identify seven strategies to help manage these challenges and reduce the associated risks: (a) choose participants carefully; (b) monitor team composition and adjust as necessary; (c) set clear expectations, and agreed conflict resolution mechanisms; (d) use different modes of scientific inquiry that can account for different knowledges and biases; (e) incorporate mechanisms for independent review at all stages of research; (f) reimagine professional development for adaptation researchers, and (g) ensure that appropriate institutional support is in place. …”

Management of the patient with sepsis in emergency department: a new alternative protocol by Manuel Monti, Lucia Stefanecchia, Igino Fusco Moffa, Luciano Fioriti, Manolo Filippucci, Giovanni Maria Vincentelli, Francesco Borgognoni

“…For these reasons, the present independent review examines recent pathogenic, diagnostic, and therapeutic development in sepsis with particular relevance to the emergency practice, following the latest guidelines published in February 2013 and several recent studies. …”
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Assessing spontaneous passage of prophylactic pancreatic duct stents by X-ray: is a radiology report adequate? by Justin Loloi, Jacob S. Lipkin, Eileen M. Gagliardi, John M. Levenick

“…Conclusion: Radiologist interpretation of abdominal X-rays to assess spontaneous passage of prophylactic pancreatic ducts stents resulted in a false-negative interpretation in approximately 5% of cases. Independent review of the images by the endoscopist may be beneficial given unfamiliarity of these stents by radiologists.…”
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Adapting Nephrology Training Curriculum in the Era of COVID-19 by Amanda Cunningham, Wayne Hung, Adeera Levin, Abeed Jamal

“…Trainees have personalized a learning plan based on individual goals and supplemented by a list of internet-based resources for independent review. Changes in learning objectives and methods for specific rotations have occurred and are described. …”
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Appropriate household point-of-use water purifier selection template considering a rural case study in western India by Ramprasad Venkatesha, Anand B. Rao, Shireesh B. Kedare

“…A selected number of point-of-use water purifiers for which data from the literature or field observations are available are reviewed against these attributes for the sample context chosen. This independent review methodology consists of setting the attributes and comparing the water purifiers based on the sum of prioritised scores and thus acts like a selection template and can be adopted to select the appropriate purifier for any other scenario accordingly.…”
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Application of A Framework to Guide Policy on Healthcare Resource Allocation Decisions to Data Linkage Projects by Ian Olver

“…While the context of policy decisions will differ, their legitimacy depends upon (1) the transparency of the reasoning which should be free from conflicts of interest, the basis for decisions recorded and report widely, (2) the accountability of the decision-makers to the wider community, (3) the testability of the evidence used to inform the decision-making, which usually means that it will stand up to independent review and(4) the inclusive recognition of those the decision affects which often requires that the implications for disadvantaged groups are considered, even if they can’t always be accommodated. …”
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Cross-cultural adaptation of the Four Habits Coding Scheme (4HCS) for teaching and assessing patient-centered communication skills in Brazil by Renata Rodrigues Catani, Emiliana dos Santos Valadares, Julianni Bernardelli Lacombe, Tânia Maria da Silva Mendonça, Carlos Henrique Martins da Silva, Helena Borges Martins da Silva Paro

“…The translation process was accomplished in seven stages: initial translation, reconciliation, back translation, review by the author, independent review, consensus version through Delphi technique, review by a language coordinator, and pretest. …”
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Fault-Event Trees Based Probabilistic Safety Analysis of a Boiling Water Nuclear Reactor’s Core Meltdown and Minor Damage Frequencies by Jinfeng Li

“…The quantitative risk assessment and independent review conducted in this case study contributed a reference reliability model for defense-in-depth core optimizations with reduced costs, informing risk-based policy decision making, licensing, and public understanding in nuclear safety systems.…”
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Multiple Site Cryoablation Treatment of the Posterior Nasal Nerve for Treatment of Chronic Rhinitis: An Observational Feasibility Study by David M. Yen MD, David B. Conley MD, Ellen M. O’Malley MS, Tracy A. Byerly II, MD, Jacob Johnson MD

“…Other assessments include additional patient-reported outcomes, physician assessment, and independent review and scoring of imaging. Results Thirty participants were enrolled at 3 US centers. …”
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Combination Therapy for Neuropathic Pain: A Review of Recent Evidence by Ancor Serrano Afonso, Thiago Carnaval, Sebastià Videla Cés

“…We performed a new independent review to assess whether more and better-quality evidence has become available since the last systematic review. …”
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Assessment of student education quality in the field of study – state and municipal management by the experience of the Federal internet-examination for graduates of bachelor degre... by V. Yu. Maslihina, E. D. Bogatyrev, T. G. Kolesnikova, O. V. Poryadina

“…At the development stage it was organized the internal reviewing and mutual testing of tasks, independent review and expertize of the created pedagogical measuring materials were carried out by the specialists with an extensive experience in executive authorities.The article is dedicated to the experience of independent assessment of quality for graduates of bachelor degree in the field of study 38.03.04 state and municipal management, the normative study assessment is given. …”
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Defining a GP consultation by Fiona Lugg-Widger, Hywel Jones, Lianna Angel, Rebecca Cannings-John, Mandy Lau, Kathryn Hughes

“…Where there was uncertainty this was independently reviewed by two clinicians and discrepancies agreed by the management team. …”
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Evaluating Family Medicine Resident Narrative Comments Using the RIME Scheme by Destiny Folk, Christian Ryckeley, Michelle Nguyen, Jeremiah J. Essig, Gary L. Beck Dallaghan, Catherine Coe

“…Of those comments, 25 (25.5%) met threshold for assessor agreement after independent review. Group discussion about discrepancies led to consensus about the appropriate classification for 92 (90.2%). …”
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Procedimiento experimental, innovador y establecido: Ética y ciencia en la introducción de la tecnología médica Experimental, innovative and standard procedures: Ethics and scienci... by J.M.V. Pons

“…This task cannot be abandoned to personal discretion and criteria, which are currently used, especially in the field of surgical innovation. External and independent review of the risk-benefit ratio of proposed innovations should enable specification of the particular features of a technique in the patient-doctor relationship, as well as the ethical and scientific requirements for more appropriate evaluation.…”
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Contribution of the ELFG test in algorithms of non-invasive markers towards the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. by Jean-Pierre Zarski, Nathalie Sturm, Jérôme Guechot, Elie-Serge Zafrani, Michel Vaubourdolle, Sophie Thoret, Jennifer Margier, Sandra David-Tchouda, Jean-Luc Bosson

“…We also examined the inter-observer variations after independent review of liver biopsies by two pathologists. …”
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Development and validation of a risk model for predicting adverse drug reactions in older people during hospital stay: Brighton Adverse Drug Reactions Risk (BADRI) model. by Balamurugan Tangiisuran, Greg Scutt, Jennifer Stevenson, Juliet Wright, G Onder, M Petrovic, T J van der Cammen, Chakravarthi Rajkumar, Graham Davies

“…Ninety-five reports of ADR were confirmed by independent review in these patients. Five clinical variables were identified through multivariate analysis and included in our final model; each variable was attributed a score of 1. …”
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