The development of an ivermectin-based attractive toxic sugar bait (ATSB) to target Anopheles arabiensis by Tenywa, FC, Kambagha, A, Saddler, A, Maia, MF

“…Over 95% of An. arabiensis were knocked down 48 h post-sugar feeding on 10% sucrose solutions containing 0.01% ivermectin. …”

Phosphorylation of serine 248 of C/EBPα is dispensable for myelopoiesis but its disruption leads to a low penetrant myeloid disorder with long latency by Hasemann, MS, Schuster, M, Frank, A, Theilgaard-Mönch, K, Pedersen, T, Nerlov, C, Porse, B

“…METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we use mouse genetics to investigate the significance of C/EBPα serine 248 in vivo through the construction and analysis of Cebpa(S248A/S248A) knock-in mice. Surprisingly, 8-week old Cebpa(S248A/S248A) mice display normal steady-state hematopoiesis including unaltered development of mature myeloid cells. …”

AMP-activated protein kinase as a target for preconditioning in transplantation medicine. by Bouma, H, Ketelaar, M, Yard, B, Ploeg, R, Henning, R

“…Pharmacologic activation of AMPK demonstrated its ability to activate endothelial nitric oxide synthase and inhibit nuclear factor-kB, thereby limiting endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. Further, studies in knock-out mice lacking ENTDP1 and NT5E (enzymes catalyzing formation and degradation of AMP, respectively) demonstrated a clear protective role for AMP in ischemia/reperfusion. …”

MicroRNA controlled adenovirus mediates anti-cancer efficacy without affecting endogenous microRNA activity. by Cawood, R, Wong, S, Di, Y, Baban, D, Seymour, L

“…Western blot for E1A confirmed that all protein variants were knocked down. RT-QPCR for mature mir122 in infected livers showed that quantity of mir122 remained unaffected. …”

An investigation into Shaker-like potassium channel Kv1.6 and its role in the somatosensory nervous system by Peck, L

“…This thesis comprises an in-depth genetic, anatomical, physiological, and behavioural investigation of two different Kv1.6 knock-out mice. The results of the present study simultaneously reveal an unconventional role for this potassium channel in thermal nociception and a major flaw in the design of certain transgenic animals – namely, that overexpression of exogenous LacZ gene products is not necessarily benign but may induce unsolicited and confounding neurotoxic effects.…”

MiR-202 controls female fecundity by regulating medaka oogenesis by Gay, S, Bugeon, J, Bouchareb, M, Henry, L, Delahaye, C, Legeai, F, Montfort, J, Le Cam, A, Siegel, A, Bobe, J, Thermes, V

“…Our results show that miR-202-5p is the most abundant mature form of the miRNA and that it is expressed in granulosa cells and in the unfertilized egg. The knock out (KO) of mir-202 gene resulted in a strong phenotype both in terms of number and quality of eggs produced. …”

Loss-of-function analysis reveals distinct requirements of the translation initiation factors eIF4E, eIF4E-3, eIF4G and eIF4G2 in Drosophila spermatogenesis by Ghosh, S, Lasko, P

“…Using the UAS-Gal4 system and RNA interference, we systematically knocked down these four genes in different stages of germ cell development, and in the somatic cells. …”

MicroRNA-196a links human body fat distribution to adipose tissue extracellular matrix composition by Hilton, C, Neville, M, Wittemans, L, Todorcevic, M, Pinnick, K, Pulit, S, Luan, J, Kulyté, A, Dahlman, I, Wareham, N, Lotta, L, Arner, P, Lindgren, C, Langenberg, C, Karpe, F

“…Functional studies and transcriptomic profiling of miR-196a knock-down pre-adipocytes revealed a role for miR-196a in regulating pre-adipocyte proliferation and extracellular matrix pathways. …”

Cardiac deficiency of P21-activated kinase 1 promotes atrial arrhythmogenesis in mice following adrenergic challenge by Jung, E, Capel, R, Jiang, C, Venturi, E, Neagu, G, Pearcey, S, Zhou, Y, Zhang, Y, Lei, M

“…In this study, <em>Pak1</em> cardiac-conditional knock-out (cKO) mice were studied under baseline and adrenergic challenge conditions. …”

Discriminating between rival biochemical network models: three approaches to optimal experiment design by Mélykúti, B, August, E, Papachristodoulou, A, El-Samad, H

“…Our third method uses optimized structural changes (corresponding, for example, to parameter value changes reflecting gene knock-outs) to achieve the same goal. The numerical implementation of each method is considered in an example, signal processing in starving Dictyostelium amœbæ.…”

ABCD position statement on risk stratification of adult patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic by Nagi, D, Wilmot, E, Owen, K, Patel, D, Mills, L, Rayman, G, Winocour, P, Ayman, G, Patel, R, Hambling, C, Choudhary, P

“…The huge acute and emergency medicine effort to support people with COVID-19 has had a major knock-on impact on the delivery of routine clinical care, especially for long-term conditions like diabetes.…”

H3K27 modifiers regulate lifespan in C. elegans in a context-dependent manner by Guillermo, ARR, Chocian, K, Gavriilidis, G, Vandamme, J, Salcini, AE, Mellor, J, Woollard, A

“…In addition, lifespan extension was observed when utx-1 was knocked down or overexpressed in neurons and intestine, whereas in the epidermis, only knockdown of utx-1 conferred improved longevity. …”

Functional characterization of a GGPPS variant identified in atypical femoral fracture patients and delineation of the role of GGPPS in bone-relevant cell types by Roca-Ayats, N, Ng, P, Garcia-Giralt, N, Falcó-Mascaró, M, Cozar, M, Abril, J, Quesada Gómez, J, Prieto-Alhambra, D, Nogués, X, Dunford, J, Russell, R, Baron, R, Grinberg, D, Balcells, S, Díez-Pérez, A

“…Unlike BP treatment, this genetic mutation will affect all cells in the carriers. RNAi knock-down of GGPS1 in osteoblasts produced a strong mineralisation reduction and a reduced expression of osteocalcin, osterix and RANKL, whereas in osteoclasts, it led to a lower resorption activity. …”

Engineering a self-limiting genetic control system to suppress the mosquito species Aedes aegypti by Karlsson, X

“…As such, transgenic lines expressing a CRISPR-Cas9 construct targeting <em>myo-fem</em> were independently established by knock-in integration at multiple loci within the M locus. …”

Facilitation of corticostriatal transmission following pharmacological inhibition of striatal phosphodiesterase 10A: role of nitric oxide-soluble guanylyl cyclase-cGMP signaling pa... by Padovan-Neto, F, Sammut, S, Chakroborty, S, Dec, A, Threlfell, S, Campbell, P, Mudrakola, V, Harms, J, Schmidt, C, West, A

“…Consistent with these observations, studies in neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) knock-out (KO) mice confirmed that PDE10A operates downstream of nNOS to limit cGMP production and excitatory corticostriatal transmission. …”

Characterisation of a novel tick-derived dendritic cell modulator: Japanin by Burger, L, Lena Burger

“…Moreover, the binding has been verified by specific siRNA knock-down of CD206 in moDC, which resulted in significantly decreased binding of Japanin. …”

Towards a small molecule inhibitor of Lactate Dehydrogenase-A by Lomas, A

“…Studies have shown that the knock-out of LDH-A reduces proliferation and tumourgenicity, and stimulates the mitochondria. …”

Functional significance of SRJ domain mutations in CITED2 by Chen, C, Bentham, J, Cosgrove, C, Braganca, J, Cuenda, A, Bamforth, S, Schneider, J, Watkins, H, Keavney, B, Davies, B, Bhattacharya, S

“…We also used PhiC31 integrase-mediated cassette exchange to generate a Cited2 knock-in allele replacing the mouse Cited2 coding sequence with human CITED2 and with a mutant form deleting the entire SRJ domain. …”

Biochemical determinants of nitric oxide synthesis in severe malaria by Alkaitis, M

“…Using heavy isotope tracer infusions to quantify arginine metabolism in infected mice, we found no evidence of increased catabolism by the enzyme arginase, widely assumed to be responsible for arginine depletion. Genetic knock-out of parasite arginase had no effect on arginine depletion in mice. …”

Identification of a novel regulator of extracellular matrix degradation in chondrocytes by Collins, I

“…</p> <p>To address this aim, I measured protease activity when four genes encoding proteins involved in cilia assembly were knocked down with siRNAs in a chondrocyte cell line. …”