Pulmonary infection due to fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycolicibacterium fortuitum: a case report by Kana Kurokawa, Norihiro Harada, Hitoshi Sasano, Haruhi Takagi, Satomi Takei, Ayako Nakamura, Keisuke Kamada, Atsushi Yoshida, Ken Kikuchi, Kazuhisa Takahashi

“…We suggest that the susceptibility test remains effective for determining the next line of treatment after a pathogen has acquired resistance, and resistance to fluoroquinolones in M. fortuitum can be attributed to a single change of amino acid.…”
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Transformation of Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Small Cell Lung Cancer After Immunotherapy Resistance: A Case Report by Wang D, Ye W, Chen D, Shi Q, Ma D

“…His tumor did not respond to the next line of carboplatin combined with etoposide, and he died six months after the discovery of SCLC transformation. …”
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Minimally invasive surgical treatment of bladder pain syndrome in women by Yu. A. Ignashov, I. V. Kuzmin, M. N. Slesarevskaya, S. H. Al-Shukri

“…Patients were transferred to the next line of therapy if the previous stage was ineffective. …”
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THE DIVERSITY OF PRESENTATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SUBCUTANEOUS PANNICULITIS –LIKE T-CELL LYMPHOMA WITH ASSOCIATED HEMOPHAGOCYTIC SYNDROME - CASE SERIES ANALYSIS by Agnieszka Giza, Justyna Jedras, Maria Rozploch, Ewa Czepko, Marcin Jonca, Dagmara Zimowska-Curylo, Mateusz Wilk, Malgorzata Razny, Walentyna Balwierz, Tomasz Sacha

“…The first line treatment consisted of HLH protocols followed by next line chemotherapies in two patients, and then with high dose therapy in one case. …”
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Efficacy of lung ultrasound and chest X-ray in children with cough and fast breathing to search a prognostic diagnostic approach to predict childhood pneumonia by Shaik Md Sajid Basha, Murali Krishnaiah D, Shaik Abdul Khaleef, Zia Ur Rahman

“…Lung ultrasonography (LUS) may become the next line investigation of choice before CXR and CT. …”
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Language Outcomes in Cochlear Implanted Children with White Matter Disturbances by Anuradha Sharma, Naresh Panda, Sanjay Munjal

“…Unilateral cochlear implant surgery and monitored auditory-verbal therapy sessions were the next line of treatment for at least one year. The therapist regularly monitored hearing and communication outcomes on an Auditory verbal ongoing scale, revised CAP, MAIS, word, and sentence discrimination scores. …”
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Long-term cultivation using ineffective MDM2 inhibitor concentrations alters the drug sensitivity profiles of PL21 leukaemia cells by Martin Michaelis, Florian Rothweiler, Constanze Schneider, Tamara Rothenburger, Marco Mernberger, Andrea Nist, Thorsten Stiewe, Jindrich Cinatl, Michael Nevels

“…Consequently, therapies can affect the outcome of next-line treatments, even in the absence of a therapy response. …”
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Emergence of mTOR mutation as an acquired resistance mechanism to AKT inhibition, and subsequent response to mTORC1/2 inhibition by Niamh Coleman, Vivek Subbiah, Shubham Pant, Keyur Patel, Sinchita Roy-Chowdhuri, Sireesha Yedururi, Amber Johnson, Timothy A. Yap, Jordi Rodon, Kenna Shaw, Funda Meric-Bernstam

“…The ability to understand these mechanisms of resistance may improve patient selection and allow for the development of rationally designed next-line or combination treatment strategies and improved patient outcomes. …”
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An Updated Review of Management of Resectable Stage III NSCLC in the Era of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy by Saurav Verma, Daniel Breadner, Abhenil Mittal, David A. Palma, Rahul Nayak, Jacques Raphael, Mark Vincent

“…We also highlight the controversy around adjuvant treatment in this setting and discuss the selection of patients for adjuvant treatment, options of salvage, and next line treatment in cases of progression on/after neoadjuvant treatment or after R2 resection. …”
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Confirmatory Trials in the Evaluation of Anticancer Medicinal Products in Man—PFS2: A Measure of Therapeutic Action-At-A-Distance by Bryan Oronsky, Corey A. Carter, Tony R. Reid, Jan Scicinski, Arnold Oronsky, Michelle Lybeck, Scott Caroen, Meaghan Stirn, Neil Oronsky, Peter Langecker

“…Second, OS captures the impact of subsequent therapies, both beneficial (i.e., active) and detrimental, on survival but it does not take into account the contribution of subsequent therapies by treatment arm; the postprogression period is treated as an unknown black box (no information about the potential influence of next-line therapies on the outcome) under the implicit assumption that the clinical trial treatment is the only clinical variable that matters: what OS explicitly measures is the destination, that is, the elapsed time between the date of randomization (or intention to treat) and the date of death, not the journey, that is, what transpires in-between. …”
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Live Verification in an Interactive Proof Assistant by Gruetter, Samuel, Fukala, Viktor, Chlipala, Adam

“…The user can then either write the next line of code, or if needed or desired, write a specially marked comment that provides hints on how to solve sideconditions, or on how to represent the symbolic state more nicely. …”
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Nelarabine-induced rhabdomyolysis in a patient with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case report by Akari Utsumi, Yuri Goto, Takaaki Suzuki, Chiaki Imai, Shinichiro Matsui, Emiko Sakaida, Itsuko Ishii

“…Nelarabine was selected as the next-line chemotherapeutic agent. The patient received 1500 mg/m2 of nelarabine on day 1 followed by a dose on days 3 and 5. …”
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Small cell transformation of non‐small cell lung cancer under immunotherapy: Case series and literature review by Takuma Imakita, Kohei Fujita, Osamu Kanai, Misato Okamura, Masayuki Hashimoto, Koichi Nakatani, Satoru Sawai, Tadashi Mio

“…Nivolumab was administered in all four cases and atezolizumab was administered as a next line to nivolumab treatment in one case. The best response to immunotherapy was partial response or stable disease. …”
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Real-World Testing Practices, Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Patients from Central Eastern Europe with EGFR-Mutated Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Retrospectiv... by Urška Janžič, Nina Turnšek, Mircea Dediu, Ivan Shterev Donev, Roxana Lupu, Gabriela Teodorescu, Tudor E. Ciuleanu, Adam Pluzanski

“…Attrition rate between 1L and next line was 30%. Among patients with 1L progression, 200 (67%) were tested for <i>T790M</i> and 58% were positive. …”
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Treatment strategies based on different oligoprogressive patterns after immunotherapy failure in metastatic NSCLC by Wendi Xuzhang, Huayan Huang, Yongfeng Yu, Lan Shen, Ziming Li, Shun Lu

“…The progression patterns and next-line progression-free survival (nPFS), overall survival (OS) were investigated stratified by treatment strategies. nPFS and OS were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. …”
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Attitude of Reproductive Healthcare Providers to Prenatal Diagnosis in a Low Resource Nigerian Setting by Leonard Ogbonna Ajah, Silas Alegu Nwali, Christopher Chim Amah, Theophilus Ogochukwu Nwankwo, Lucky Osaheni Lawani, Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba

“…While 133 respondents (73.1%) would allow parents to decide the next line of action after due counseling for the diagnosis of a condition not compatible with extrauterine life was made, 23(12.6%) of the respondents would offer termination of the pregnancy. …”
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Clinical outcomes in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia with disease progression on ibrutinib by Paul J. Hampel, Kari G. Rabe, Timothy G. Call, Wei Ding, Jose F. Leis, Asher A. Chanan-Khan, Saad S. Kenderian, Eli Muchtar, Yucai Wang, Sikander Ailawadhi, Amber B. Koehler, Ricardo Parrondo, Susan M. Schwager, Taimur Sher, Curtis A. Hanson, Min Shi, Daniel L. Van Dyke, Esteban Braggio, Susan L. Slager, Neil E. Kay, Sameer A. Parikh

“…Among patients with CLL disease progression on ibrutinib, OS was significantly longer when next-line treatment was chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (median not reached) or venetoclax-based treatment (median 29.8 months) compared to other approved treatments, such as chemoimmunotherapy, phosphoinositide 3’-kinase inhibitors, and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (9.1 months; p = 0.03). …”
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Decision-making in postoperative chemotherapy for ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancer: a retrospective single-center study by Shunsuke Hamasaki, Yosuke Fukunaga, Satoshi Nagayama, Yoshiya Fujimoto, Takashi Akiyoshi, Toshiya Nagasaki, Masashi Ueno

“…The data also suggested that resumption of chemotherapy without changing the regimen after resection could preserve the next line of chemotherapy for future treatment and improve the prognosis.…”
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Switch to second-line versus continued first-line antiretroviral therapy for patients with low-level HIV-1 viremia: An open-label randomized controlled trial in Lesotho. by Alain Amstutz, Bienvenu Lengo Nsakala, Fiona Vanobberghen, Josephine Muhairwe, Tracy Renée Glass, Tilo Namane, Tlali Mpholo, Manuel Battegay, Thomas Klimkait, Niklaus Daniel Labhardt

“…<h4>Background</h4>Current World Health Organization (WHO) antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines define virologic failure as two consecutive viral load (VL) measurements ≥1,000 copies/mL, triggering empiric switch to next-line ART. This trial assessed if patients with sustained low-level HIV-1 viremia on first-line ART benefit from a switch to second-line treatment.…”
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What happens to intolerant, relapsed or refractory chronic myeloid leukemia patients without access to clinical trials? by Guilherme Rasia Bosi, Laura Maria Fogliatto, Tito Emilio Vanelli Costa, Kamila Castro Grokoski, Mariana Pinto Pereira, Nathan Bugs, Marco Kalil, Christina Fraga, Liane Esteves Daudt, Lucia Mariano da Rocha Silla

“…Methods: A retrospective cohort of 90 chronic myeloid leukemia patients in all phases of the disease treated with imatinib mesylate as their first TKI therapy, and with dasatinib or nilotinib as the next line of therapy. We evaluated clinical outcomes of these patients, with special focus on the group that needed more than two therapy lines. …”
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