Influence of electrode cooling on recast layers and micro crack in EDM of titanium by Abdulkareem, Suleiman, Khan, Ahsan Ali, Mohamed , Konneh

“…The machining parameters investigated in the present study are current intensity (I), pulse on-time (Ton), pulse off-time (Toff) and gap voltage (V), which are of great interest for EDM researchers. …”
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Modelling of material removal rate in EDM of nonconductive ZrO2 ceramic by Taguchi method by Sabur, Abdus, Ali, Mohammad Yeakub, Maleque, Md. Abdul

“…Experiments are conducted by varying the peak current (Ip), pulse-on time (Ton), pulse-off time (Toff) and gap voltage (Vg). Correlating these variables a mathematical model for material removal rate (MRR) is developed using Taguchi method. …”
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Chemical composition and DSC thermal properties of two species of Hylocereus cacti seed oil: hylocereus undatus and Hylocereus polyrhizus. by Hong, Kwong Lim, Tan, Chin Ping, Karim, Roselina, Ariffin, Abdul Azis, Bakar, Jamilah

“…WFSO and RFSO can be differentiated by their Toff and Ton values in the DSC thermal curves. This study reveals that pitaya seed oil has a high level of functional lipids and can be used as a new source of essential oil.…”
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Performance Prediction in EDM Process for Al 6061 Alloy Using Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm by Hind Hadi Abdulridha, Marwa Qasim Ibraheem, Ahmed Ghazi Abdulameer

“…The material removal rate (MRR) and tool wear (Tw) were investigated using the process variables of pulse on time (Ton), pulse off time (Toff), and current intensity (Ip). The established empirical models were used to perform Genetic Algorithm (GA) to maximize (MRR) and minimize (Tw). …”
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Effect of processing conditions and electrode materials on the surface roughness of EDM-processed hybrid metal matrix composites by Hardeep Singh, Jujhar Singh, Santosh Kumar

“…Current (I), Gap Voltage (V), Pulse off time (Toff), and Pulse duration (Ton) on surface roughness (Ra) of Al–Mg-0.6Si-0.275Cu/SiC10 % hybrid composite samples fabricated by Stir-casting. …”
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Effect of WEDM parameters on material removal rate and kerf’s width of cobalt chromium molybdenum using full factorials design by Jahare, Muhammad Hafiz, Idris, Mohd. Hasbullah, Hassim, Mohd. Hazwan

“…This research investigated the effect of WEDM machining parameters, namely pulse-on-time (Ton, 2 µs–6 µs), pulse-of-time (Toff, 10 µs–30 µs), and peak current (Ip, 10A–14A) on the material removal rate (MRR), kerf’s width and surface integrity when machining cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo). …”

Prediction and optimization of tool wear rate during electric discharge machining of Al/Cu/Ni alloy using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system by Mangesh Phate, Aditya Bendale, Shraddha Toney, Vikas Phate

“…The impact of electrical discharge machining (EDM) on process parameters viz. input current (IP), pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF)/for Al/Cu/Ni alloy with the composition 91/4/5 and 87/8/5 (weight %) is analyzed. …”
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The study of Zn–Co alloy coatings electrochemically deposited by pulse current by Tomić Milorad V., Bajat Jelena B., Maksimović Miodrag D., Pavlović Miomir G.

“…The influence of on-time and the average current density on the cathodic current efficiency, coating morphology, surface roughness and corrosion stability in 3% NaCl was examined. At the same Ton/Toff ratio the current efficiency was insignificantly smaller for deposition at higher average current density. …”
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Extraction and Characterisation of Natural Fibres from Imperata cylindrica: Morphological, Microstructural, Thermal, and Kinetic Properties by Bemgba B. Nyakuma, Olagoke Oladokun, Ezekiel B. Ogunbode, Segun A. Akinyemi, Syieluing Wong, Jamila B. Ali, Hasan M. Faizal, Tuan Amran T Abdullah

“…Tons increased from 257.99–269.25°C, whereas Tmid was 313.57–319.17°C, Toff was 363.70–376.58°C. The OFW and KAS kinetic models revealed activation energy (Ea) and frequency factor (ko) ranged from 38.09 to 514.33 kJ mol−1 and 1.65 × 1002 to 1.24 × 1048 min−1, respectively, for conversions α = 0.05 to 0.95, which indicate ICY fibers are thermally stable and suitable for utilization as bio-composite reinforcement.…”
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Preparation of Gd2O3 Ultrafine Nanoparticles by Pulse Electrodeposition Followed by Heat-treatment Method by Mustafa Aghazadeh

“…The deposition experiments was conducted at a typical on-time and off-time (ton=1ms and toff=1ms) for 60 min. The electrodeposited precursor was then heat-treated at 600 oC for 3h to obtain oxide product (i.e. …”
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Natural Schistosoma mansoni Infection in the Wild Reservoir Nectomys squamipes Leads to Excessive Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Hepatocytes in the Absence of Liver Functional Impai... by Kátia B Amaral, Thiago P Silva, Kássia K Malta, Lívia A S Carmo, Felipe F Dias, Mariana R Almeida, Gustavo F S Andrade, Jefferson S Martins, Roberto R Pinho, Sócrates F Costa-Neto, Rosana Gentile, Rossana C N Melo

“…Raman spectroscopy showed high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the liver of both groups. MALDI-TOFF mass spectroscopy revealed an amplified pool of omega-6 PUFA arachidonic acid in the liver of infected animals. …”
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Potential application of Aloe Vera-derived plant-based cell in powering wireless device for remote sensor activation. by Peng Lean Chong, Ajay Kumar Singh, Swee Leong Kok

“…The harvested energy from the plants boosted by the power management circuit can turn ON the transmitter automatically to activate a temperature and humidity sensor to measure the environmental stimuli periodically with a ton of 1.22 seconds and toff of 0.46 seconds. This proves that this new source of energy combined with a power management circuit can be employed for powering the wireless sensor network for application in the Internet of Things (IoT).…”
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A combined approach of nature-inspired Firefly Algorithm and Weighted Principal Component Analysis in machining of Inconel X-750 by Pandey Som Nath, Kumar Jogendra, Yadav Sasmit, Verma Rajesh Kumar

“…The optimal settings are fund as Ip-12 amp, Ton-63µs, Toff-7µs, V-40 volts and fitness value as 0.97213. …”
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Optimization of wire-EDM process parameters for Ni–Ti-Hf shape memory alloy through particle swarm optimization and CNN-based SEM-image classification by Rahul V. M, Balaji V, Narendranath S

“…The TOPSIS method for particle swarm optimization was employed to find the optimal solutions, yielding TON = (124.239, 116.228), TOFF = (54.532, 40.781), Servo voltage = (36.216, 43.766), and Wire-Feed = (2.157, 8). …”
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Precision multi-response optimization of performance characteristics in wire-cut electric discharge machining (WEDM) process / I. Nayak and J. Rana by Nayak, I., Rana, J.

“…Experiments were planned according to Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array under different cutting parameters such as: pulse on time (TON), pulse off time (TOFF), peak current (IP) and wire feed rate (WF). …”
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Area-Efficient and Snapback-Free SOI LIGBT With L-Shaped Extraction Path by Tao Tian, Yu-Feng Guo, Jia-Fei Yao, Jun Zhang, Kemeng Yang, Man Li

“…At the same Von, the LEP LIGBT reduces the turn-off time (toff) and Eoff by 40% and 28%, respectively, compared with the STA LIGBT. …”
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High-sensitivity troponin T release profile in off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting patients with normal postoperative course by Wen Ge, Chang Gu, Chao Chen, Wangwang Chen, Zhengqiang Cang, Yuliang Wang, Chennan Shi, Yangyang Zhang

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Biodegradability Assessment of Polyester Copolymers Based on Poly(ethylene adipate) and Poly(ε-caprolactone) by Leonard Ionut Atanase, Slim Salhi, Oana Cucoveica, Marijana Ponjavic, Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic, Christelle Delaite

“…Both the precursors and the copolymers were characterized using different physicochemical methods, such as: NMR, SEC, Maldi-TOFF, DSC, and ATG. The molecular characteristics of the copolymers were in a direct correlation with the sequence length of the PCL. …”
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Formation and Optimization of Electrical Discharge Coatings Using Conventional Electrodes by JagadeeswaraRao Maddu, Buschaiah Karrolla, Srikanth Vuppala, Riyaaz Uddien Shaik

“…In order to perform the experiments, three combinations were made using five parameters: current (Amps), ton (µs), Toff (µs), duty cycle (%), and flushing pressure as constant (bar). …”
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Modeling and analysis of process parameters in EDM of Ni35Ti35Zr15Cu10Sn5 high-temperature high entropy shape memory alloy by RSM Approach by Al-Mousawi Mohammed Ali, Al-Shafaie Saad Hameed, Khulief Zuheir Talib

“…At the same time, the associated machining conditions were discharge current (Ip), pulse-on time (Ton), and pulse-off time (Toff). EDM is a multi-response process; therefore, the method of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is utilized to assess the influence of machining parameters on Ni35Ti35Zr15Cu10Sn5 (at%) high-temperature high entropy shape memory alloy (HT-HE-SMA) using a copper electrode. …”
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