Ongoing Efforts to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization in Hospitals among African Countries and Implications for the Future by Zikria Saleem, Brian Godman, Aislinn Cook, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Stephen M. Campbell, Ronald Andrew Seaton, Linda Siachalinga, Abdul Haseeb, Afreenish Amir, Amanj Kurdi, Julius C. Mwita, Israel Abebrese Sefah, Sylvia A. Opanga, Joseph O. Fadare, Olayinka O. Ogunleye, Johanna C. Meyer, Amos Massele, Dan Kibuule, Aubrey C. Kalungia, Moyad Shahwan, Hellen Nabayiga, Giuseppe Pichierri, Catrin E. Moore

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Factors influencing postpartum haemorrhage detection and management and the implementation of a new postpartum haemorrhage care bundle (E-MOTIVE) in Kenya, Nigeria, and South Afric... by Gillian Forbes, Shahinoor Akter, Suellen Miller, Hadiza Galadanci, Zahida Qureshi, Sue Fawcus, G. Justus Hofmeyr, Neil Moran, Mandisa Singata-Madliki, Faisal Dankishiya, George Gwako, Alfred Osoti, Eleanor Thomas, Ioannis Gallos, Kristie-Marie Mammoliti, Adam Devall, Arri Coomarasamy, Fernando Althabe, Lou Atkins, Meghan A. Bohren, Fabiana Lorencatto

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Objectively measured medication adherence using assays for carvedilol and enalaprilat in patients with heart failure in Mozambique and Nigeria by Julius Chacha Mwita, Andre Joubert, Hadiza Saidu, Mahmoud Umar Sani, Albertino Damasceno, Ana Olga Mocumbi, Phumla Sinxadi, Charle Andre Viljoen, Julian Hoevelmann, Manna Semere Gebreyesus, Paolo Denti, Roeland Wasmann, Gary Maartens, Lubbe Wiesner, Simon Stewart, Beth Davison, Gad Cotter, Karen Sliwa

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Effect of co-trimoxazole on mortality in HIV-exposed but uninfected children in Botswana (the Mpepu Study): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial by Shahin Lockman, MD, Michael Hughes, ProfPhD, Kate Powis, MD, Gbolahan Ajibola, MB, Kara Bennett, MS, Sikhulile Moyo, MSc, Erik van Widenfelt, BA, Jean Leidner, MS, Kenneth McIntosh, ProfMD, Loeto Mazhani, MD, Joseph Makhema, FRCP, Max Essex, ProfPhD, Roger Shapiro, DrMD

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Biogeographical survey of soil microbiomes across sub-Saharan Africa: structure, drivers, and predicted climate-driven changes by DA Cowan, PH Lebre, CER Amon, RW Becker, HI Boga, A Boulangé, TL Chiyaka, T Coetzee, PC de Jager, O Dikinya, F Eckardt, M Greve, MA Harris, DW Hopkins, HB Houngnandan, P Houngnandan, K Jordaan, E Kaimoyo, AK Kambura, G Kamgan-Nkuekam, TP Makhalanyane, G Maggs-Kölling, E Marais, H Mondlane, E Nghalipo, BW Olivier, M Ortiz, LR Pertierra, J-B Ramond, M Seely, I Sithole-Niang, A Valverde, G Varliero, S Vikram, DH Wall, A Zeze

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Strategies to Improve Antimicrobial Utilization with a Special Focus on Developing Countries by Brian Godman, Abiodun Egwuenu, Mainul Haque, Oliver Ombeva Malande, Natalie Schellack, Santosh Kumar, Zikria Saleem, Jacqueline Sneddon, Iris Hoxha, Salequl Islam, Julius Mwita, Renata Cristina Rezende Macedo do Nascimento, Isabella Piassi Dias Godói, Loveline Lum Niba, Adefolarin A. Amu, Joseph Acolatse, Robert Incoom, Israel Abebrese Sefah, Sylvia Opanga, Amanj Kurdi, Ibrahim Chikowe, Felix Khuluza, Dan Kibuule, Olayinka O. Ogunleye, Adesola Olalekan, Vanda Markovic-Pekovic, Johanna C. Meyer, Abubakr Alfadl, Thuy Nguyen Thi Phuong, Aubrey C. Kalungia, Stephen Campbell, Alice Pisana, Janney Wale, R. Andrew Seaton

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Challenges and Innovations Brought about by the COVID-19 Pandemic Regarding Medical and Pharmacy Education Especially in Africa and Implications for the Future by Ayukafangha Etando, Adefolarin A. Amu, Mainul Haque, Natalie Schellack, Amanj Kurdi, Alian A. Alrasheedy, Angela Timoney, Julius C. Mwita, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Okwen Patrick, Loveline Lum Niba, Baffour Boaten Boahen-Boaten, Felicity Besong Tabi, Olufunke Y. Amu, Joseph Acolatse, Robert Incoom, Israel Abebrese Sefah, Anastasia Nkatha Guantai, Sylvia Opanga, Ibrahim Chikowe, Felix Khuluza, Dan Kibuule, Francis Kalemeera, Ester Hango, Jennie Lates, Joseph Fadare, Olayinka O. Ogunleye, Zikria Saleem, Frasia Oosthuizen, Werner Cordier, Moliehi Matlala, Johanna C. Meyer, Gustav Schellack, Amos Massele, Oliver Ombeva Malande, Aubrey Chichonyi Kalungia, James Sichone, Sekelani S. Banda, Trust Zaranyika, Stephen Campbell, Brian Godman

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The Acute Optic Neuritis Network (ACON): Study protocol of a non-interventional prospective multicenter study on diagnosis and treatment of acute optic neuritis by Susanna Asseyer, Susanna Asseyer, Susanna Asseyer, Susanna Asseyer, Nasrin Asgari, Nasrin Asgari, Jeffrey Bennett, Omer Bialer, Omer Bialer, Yolanda Blanco, Francesca Bosello, Anna Camos-Carreras, Edgar Carnero Contentti, Sara Carta, John Chen, Claudia Chien, Claudia Chien, Claudia Chien, Claudia Chien, Mashina Chomba, Russell C. Dale, Russell C. Dale, Russell C. Dale, Josep Dalmau, Josep Dalmau, Kristina Feldmann, Kristina Feldmann, Kristina Feldmann, Eoin P. Flanagan, Caroline Froment Tilikete, Carolina Garcia-Alfonso, Joachim Havla, Mark Hellmann, Mark Hellmann, Ho Jin Kim, Philipp Klyscz, Philipp Klyscz, Philipp Klyscz, Philipp Klyscz, Frank Konietschke, Chiara La Morgia, Chiara La Morgia, Marco Lana-Peixoto, Maria Isabel Leite, Netta Levin, Michael Levy, Sara Llufriu, Sara Llufriu, Pablo Lopez, Itay Lotan, Itay Lotan, Itay Lotan, Alessandra Lugaresi, Alessandra Lugaresi, Romain Marignier, Sara Mariotto, Susan P. Mollan, Susan P. Mollan, Cassandra Ocampo, Frederike Cosima Oertel, Frederike Cosima Oertel, Frederike Cosima Oertel, Frederike Cosima Oertel, Maja Olszewska, Jacqueline Palace, Lekha Pandit, José Luis Peralta Uribe, Sean Pittock, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Sudarshini Ramanathan, Natthapon Rattanathamsakul, Albert Saiz, Albert Saiz, Sara Samadzadeh, Sara Samadzadeh, Sara Samadzadeh, Sara Samadzadeh, Sara Samadzadeh, Sara Samadzadeh, Bernardo Sanchez-Dalmau, Deanna Saylor, Deanna Saylor, Michael Scheel, Michael Scheel, Michael Scheel, Michael Scheel, Michael Scheel, Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch, Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch, Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch, Tanja Schmitz-Hübsch, Jemal Shifa, Sasitorn Siritho, Sasitorn Siritho, Pia S. Sperber, Pia S. Sperber, Pia S. Sperber, Pia S. Sperber, Pia S. Sperber, Prem S. Subramanian, Alon Tiosano, Alon Tiosano, Adi Vaknin-Dembinsky, Alvaro Jose Mejia Vergara, Adi Wilf-Yarkoni, Luis Alfonso Zarco, Hanna G. Zimmermann, Hanna G. Zimmermann, Hanna G. Zimmermann, Hanna G. Zimmermann, Friedemann Paul, Friedemann Paul, Friedemann Paul, Friedemann Paul, Hadas Stiebel-Kalish, Hadas Stiebel-Kalish

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The bii4africa dataset of faunal and floral population intactness estimates across Africa’s major land uses by Hayley S. Clements, Emmanuel Do Linh San, Gareth Hempson, Birthe Linden, Bryan Maritz, Ara Monadjem, Chevonne Reynolds, Frances Siebert, Nicola Stevens, Reinette Biggs, Alta De Vos, Ryan Blanchard, Matthew Child, Karen J. Esler, Maike Hamann, Ty Loft, Belinda Reyers, Odirilwe Selomane, Andrew L. Skowno, Tshegofatso Tshoke, Diarrassouba Abdoulaye, Thierry Aebischer, Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Graham J. Alexander, Abdullahi H. Ali, David G. Allan, Esther E. Amoako, Samuel Angedakin, Edward Aruna, Nico L. Avenant, Gabriel Badjedjea, Adama Bakayoko, Abraham Bamba-kaya, Michael F. Bates, Paul J. J. Bates, Steven R. Belmain, Emily Bennitt, James Bradley, Chris A. Brewster, Michael B. Brown, Michelle Brown, Josef Bryja, Thomas M. Butynski, Filipe Carvalho, Alan Channing, Colin A. Chapman, Callan Cohen, Marina Cords, Jennifer D. Cramer, Nadine Cronk, Pamela M. K. Cunneyworth, Fredrik Dalerum, Emmanuel Danquah, Harriet T. Davies-Mostert, Andrew D. de Blocq, Yvonne A. De Jong, Terrence C. Demos, Christiane Denys, Chabi A. M. S. Djagoun, Thomas M. Doherty-Bone, Marine Drouilly, Johan T. du Toit, David A. Ehlers Smith, Yvette C. Ehlers Smith, Seth J. Eiseb, Peter J. Fashing, Adam W. Ferguson, José M. Fernández-García, Manfred Finckh, Claude Fischer, Edson Gandiwa, Philippe Gaubert, Jerome Y. Gaugris, Dalton J. Gibbs, Jason S. Gilchrist, Jose M. Gil-Sánchez, Anthony N. Githitho, Peter S. Goodman, Laurent Granjon, J. Paul Grobler, Bonginkosi C. Gumbi, Vaclav Gvozdik, James Harvey, Morgan Hauptfleisch, Firas Hayder, Emmanuel M. Hema, Marna Herbst, Mariano Houngbédji, Brian J. Huntley, Rainer Hutterer, Samuel T. Ivande, Kate Jackson, Gregory F. M. Jongsma, Javier Juste, Blaise Kadjo, Prince K. Kaleme, Edwin Kamugisha, Beth A. Kaplin, Humphrey N. Kato, Christian Kiffner, Duncan M. Kimuyu, Robert M. Kityo, N’goran G. Kouamé, Marcel Kouete T, Aliza le Roux, Alan T. K. Lee, Mervyn C. Lötter, Anne Mette Lykke, Duncan N. MacFadyen, Gacheru P. Macharia, Zimkitha J. K. Madikiza, Themb’alilahlwa A. M. Mahlaba, David Mallon, Mnqobi L. Mamba, Claude Mande, Rob A. Marchant, Robin A. Maritz, Wanda Markotter, Trevor McIntyre, John Measey, Addisu Mekonnen, Paulina Meller, Haemish I. Melville, Kevin Z. Mganga, Michael G. L. Mills, Liaan Minnie, Alain Didier Missoup, Abubakr Mohammad, Nancy N. Moinde, Bakwo Fils E. Moise, Pedro Monterroso, Jennifer F. Moore, Simon Musila, Sedjro Gilles A. Nago, Maganizo W. Namoto, Fatimata Niang, Violaine Nicolas, Jerry B. Nkenku, Evans E. Nkrumah, Gonwouo L. Nono, Mulavwa M. Norbert, Katarzyna Nowak, Benneth C. Obitte, Arnold D. Okoni-Williams, Jonathan Onongo, M. Justin O’Riain, Samuel T. Osinubi, Daniel M. Parker, Francesca Parrini, Mike J. S. Peel, Johannes Penner, Darren W. Pietersen, Andrew J. Plumptre, Damian W. Ponsonby, Stefan Porembski, R. John Power, Frans G. T. Radloff, Ramugondo V. Rambau, Tharmalingam Ramesh, Leigh R. Richards, Mark-Oliver Rödel, Dominic P. Rollinson, Francesco Rovero, Mostafa A. Saleh, Ute Schmiedel, M. Corrie Schoeman, Paul Scholte, Thomas L. Serfass, Julie Teresa Shapiro, Sidney Shema, Stefan J. Siebert, Jasper A. Slingsby, Alexander Sliwa, Hanneline A. Smit-Robinson, Etotepe A. Sogbohossou, Michael J. Somers, Stephen Spawls, Jarryd P. Streicher, Lourens Swanepoel, Iroro Tanshi, Peter J. Taylor, William A. Taylor, Mariska te Beest, Paul T. Telfer, Dave I. Thompson, Elie Tobi, Krystal A. Tolley, Andrew A. Turner, Wayne Twine, Victor Van Cakenberghe, Frederik Van de Perre, Helga van der Merwe, Chris J. G. van Niekerk, Pieter C. V. van Wyk, Jan A. Venter, Luke Verburgt, Geraldine Veron, Susanne Vetter, Maria S. Vorontsova, Thomas C. Wagner, Paul W. Webala, Natalie Weber, Sina M. Weier, Paula A. White, Melissa A. Whitecross, Benjamin J. Wigley, Frank J. Willems, Christiaan W. Winterbach, Galena M. Woodhouse

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Mapping age- and sex-specific HIV prevalence in adults in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2018 by Emily Haeuser, Audrey L. Serfes, Michael A. Cork, Mingyou Yang, Hedayat Abbastabar, E. S. Abhilash, Maryam Adabi, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Victor Adekanmbi, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Saira Afzal, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Keivan Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Yonas Akalu, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Fares Alahdab, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Turki M. Alanzi, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Vahid Alipour, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Edward Kwabena Ameyaw, Saeed Amini, Dickson A. Amugsi, Robert Ancuceanu, Davood Anvari, Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah, Jalal Arabloo, Olatunde Aremu, Mulusew A. Asemahagn, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Atalel Fentahun Awedew, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Samad Azari, Zelalem Nigussie Azene, B. B. Darshan, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Atif Amin Baig, Maciej Banach, Till Winfried Bärnighausen, Arielle Wilder Bell, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Ali Bijani, Zebenay Workneh Bitew, Somayeh Bohlouli, Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa, Archith Boloor, Ivana Bozicevic, Zahid A. Butt, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Jaykaran Charan, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Dinh-Toi Chu, Richard G. Cowden, Saad M. A. Dahlawi, Giovanni Damiani, Eugene Kofuor Maafo Darteh, Aso Mohammad Darwesh, José das Neves, Nicole Davis Weaver, Diego De Leo, Jan-Walter De Neve, Kebede Deribe, Keshab Deuba, Samath Dharmaratne, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Diaz, Alireza Didarloo, Shirin Djalalinia, Fariba Dorostkar, Eleonora Dubljanin, Bereket Duko, Maha El Tantawi, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Babak Eshrati, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Oghenowede Eyawo, Ifeanyi Jude Ezeonwumelu, Sayeh Ezzikouri, Farshad Farzadfar, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Eduarda Fernandes, Irina Filip, Florian Fischer, Nataliya A. Foigt, Masoud Foroutan, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M. Gad, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Lemma Getacher, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Mahaveer Golechha, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Harish Chander Gugnani, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Samer Hamidi, Abdiwahab Hashi, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Khezar Hayat, Claudiu Herteliu, Hung Chak Ho, Ramesh Holla, Mostafa Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Rakibul M. Islam, Chidozie C. D. Iwu, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Ravi Prakash Jha, John S. Ji, Kimberly B. Johnson, Nitin Joseph, Vasna Joshua, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Leila R. Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Naser Kamyari, Tanuj Kanchan, Behzad Karami Matin, Salah Eddin Karimi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Maryam Keramati, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Gulfaraz Khan, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Khaled Khatab, Jagdish Khubchandani, Yun Jin Kim, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Jacek A. Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Vaman Kulkarni, Manasi Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Dian Kusuma, Carlo La Vecchia, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Iván Landires, Heidi Jane Larson, Savita Lasrado, Paul H. Lee, Shanshan Li, Xuefeng Liu, Afshin Maleki, Preeti Malik, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Andreea Mirica, Babak Moazen, Osama Mohamad, Yousef Mohammad, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Masoud Moradi, Paula Moraga, Sumaira Mubarik, Getaneh Baye B. Mulu, Lillian Mwanri, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Muhammad Naveed, Javad Nazari, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ionut Negoi, Frida N. Ngalesoni, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Virginia Nuñez-Samudio, Vincent Ebuka Nwatah, Bogdan Oancea, Oluwakemi Ololade Odukoya, Andrew T. Olagunju, Babayemi Oluwaseun Olakunde, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Ahmed Omar Bali, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Orish Ebere Orisakwe, Nikita Otstavnov, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Mayowa O. Owolabi, P. A. Mahesh, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Adrian Pana, Ashok Pandey, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Fatemeh Pashazadeh Kan, George C. Patton, Shrikant Pawar, Emmanuel K. Peprah, Maarten J. Postma, Liliana Preotescu, Zahiruddin Quazi Syed, Navid Rabiee, Amir Radfar, Alireza Rafiei, Fakher Rahim, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Juwel Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Sowmya J. Rao, David Laith Rawaf, Salman Rawaf, Reza Rawassizadeh, Lemma Demissie Regassa, Nima Rezaei, Aziz Rezapour, Mavra A. Riaz, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Jennifer M. Ross, Enrico Rubagotti, Susan Fred Rumisha, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam, Rajesh Sagar, Biniyam Sahiledengle, Maitreyi Sahu, Marwa Rashad Salem, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Abdallah M. Samy, Benn Sartorius, Brijesh Sathian, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Amira A. Shaheen, Masood Ali Shaikh, Morteza Shamsizadeh, Wondimeneh Shibabaw Shiferaw, Jae Il Shin, Roman Shrestha, Jasvinder A. Singh, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Shahin Soltani, Mu’awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Takahiro Tabuchi, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Nuno Taveira, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Rekha Thapar, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Francesco S. Violante, Bay Vo, Giang Thu Vu, Yohannes Dibaba Wado, Yasir Waheed, Richard G. Wamai, Yanzhong Wang, Paul Ward, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Katherine Wilson, Sanni Yaya, Paul Yip, Naohiro Yonemoto, Chuanhua Yu, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Yunquan Zhang, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Simon I. Hay, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, on behalf of Local Burden of Disease sub-Saharan Africa HIV Prevalence Collaborators

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