Comment on “Magnetic circular dichroism versus orbital magnetization” by M. Altarelli

“…Research 2, 023139 (2020)2643-156410.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.023139] it is argued, based on the dichroic sum rules derived from the modern theory of orbital magnetization, that the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) orbital magnetization sum rule is not providing an expectation value of the orbital angular momentum and of the orbital part of the magnetic moment, but a different quantity, also related to the breakdown of time-reversal invariance, but different. …”
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Element Specific Versus Integral Structural and Magnetic Properties of Co:ZnO and Gd:GaN Probed with Hard X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy by Andreas Ney

“…We have used hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and in particular X-ray linear dichroism (XLD) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) to study both DMS materials with element specificity and compare these findings with results from integral SQUID magnetometry as well as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR).…”
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Exceptionally robust magnetism and structure of SrFeO $$_2$$ 2 above 100 GPa by V. Balédent, L. Nataf, J.-P. Rueff

“…Abstract We report the exceptional structural and magnetic stability of SrFeO $$_2$$ 2 under pressure by X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) up to the Mbar range. …”
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Magnetic reversal in a YFe2 dominated DyFe2/YFe2 multilayer film by Stenning, G, Bowden, G, Gregory, SA, Beaujour, J, de Groot, P, van der Laan, G, Shelford, L, Bencok, P, Steadman, P, Dobrynin, A, Hesjedal, T

“…Magnetic reversal in a (110)-oriented [DyFe 2 (60 Å)/YFe 2 (240 Å) × 15 multilayer film is investigated using magnetometry, micro-magnetic modeling, and element-specific soft x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. At temperatures between ∼60 and 120 K, the magnetic reversal involves a two-step process. …”

Effect of the valence state on the band magnetocrystalline anisotropy in two-dimensional rare-earth/noble-metal compounds by M. Blanco-Rey, R. Castrillo-Bodero, K. Ali, P. Gargiani, F. Bertran, P. M. Sheverdyaeva, J. E. Ortega, L. Fernandez, F. Schiller

“…We find by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism an out-of-plane easy magnetization axis in two-dimensional atom-thick EuAu_{2}. …”
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Ensemble magnetic behaviour of interacting CoFe nanoparticles by Rowan Caradoc Temple, Andrei P. Mihai, Dario Alejandro Arena, Christopher H. Marrows

“…Ferromagnetic nanoparticles in the 10-14 nm size range are examined for their size and interaction dependent magnetic properties. From X-ray magnetic circular dichroism the orbital-to-spin magnetic moment ratio is determined and found to decrease significantly with particle size. …”
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Magnetic X-ray spectroscopy of two-dimensional CrI3 layers by Frisk, A, Duffy, L, Zhang, S, Van Der Laan, G, Hesjedal, T

“…The experimental Cr X-ray magnetic circular dichroism spectra show a good agreement with calculated spectra for a hybridized ground state. …”

Variation of the magnetic moment and strain in epitaxial Cu/Ni/Cu sandwiches by Lee, J, Lauhoff, G, Hope, S, Daboo, C, Bland, J, Schille, J, vanderLaan, G, Penfold, J

“…We have studied the variation of the strain and the magnetic moment in epitaxial fct Ni(001) film structures using a combinaton of reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. A 30 Å Cu/Ni step-wedge (30, 60, 90, and 150 Å)/600 Å Cu buffer/ Si(001) structure has been used to study the Ni thickness-dependent strain and magnetic moment. …”

Spin pumping in ferromagnet-topological insulator-ferromagnetheterostructures by Baker, AA, Figueroa, AI, Collins-Mcintyre, LJ, van der Laan, G, Hesjedal, T

“…Here, we report a study of spin pumping at the TI-ferromagnet interface, investigating spin transfer dynamics in a spin-valve like structure using element specific time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and ferromagnetic resonance. …”

Electronic structure of Fe and Co magnetic adatoms on Bi2Te3 surfaces by Shelford, L, Hesjedal, T, Collins-McIntyre, L, Dhesi, S, Maccherozzi, F, van der Laan, G

“…Magnetic doping of topological insulators (TIs) is a prerequisite for their application as spin-based devices. Using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) we investigate the influence of an ultralow coverage (∼0.5% of a monolayer) of magnetic atoms on a TI substrate. …”

Direct observation of the energy gain underpinning ferromagnetic superexchange in the electronic structure of CrGeTe3 by Watson, MD, Markovic, I, Mazzola, F, Rajan, A, Morales, EA, Burn, DM, Hesjedal, T, van der Laan, G, Mukherjee, S, Kim, TK, Bigi, C, Vobornik, I, Hatnean, MC, Balakrishnan, G, King, PDC

“…From these, together with x-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements, we identify the states created by a covalent bond between the Te 5p and the Cr eg orbitals as the primary driver of the ferromagnetic ordering in this system, while it is the Cr t2g states that carry the majority of the spin moment. …”

Magnetic iron oxide nanowires formed by reactive dewetting by Bennett, R, Etman, H, Hicks, H, Richards, L, Wu, C, Castell, M, Dhesi, S, Maccherozzi, F

“…The nanowires are closely aligned with the substrate crystallography and imaging by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism shows that each contain a single magnetic domain. …”

Magnetic proximity-enhanced Curie temperature of Cr-doped Bi₂Se₃ thin films by Baker, AA, Figuorea, AI, Kummer, K, Collins-McIntyre, LJ, Hesjedal, T, van der Laan, G

“…Arrott plots, obtained by Cr L_2,3 x-ray magnetic circular dichroism as a function of field at various low temperatures, give a T_C ~7 K. …”

Magnetic ordering in Ho-doped Bi2Te3 topological insulator thin films by Figueroa, A, Harrison, S, Collins-McIntyre, L, van der Laan, G, Hesjedal, T

“…Analysis of the polarized x-ray absorption spectra at the Ho M5 absorption edge gives an effective 4f magnetic moment which is ~45% of the Hund's rule ground state value. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) shows no significant anisotropy, which suggests that the reduced spin moment is not due to the crystal field effects, but rather the presence of non-magnetic or antiferromagnetic Ho sites. …”

Prussian Blue analogs and transition metal K-edge XMCD: a longstanding friendship by Bordage, Amélie, N’Diaye, Adama, Bleuzen, Anne

“…One of them is transition metal (TM) K-edge X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (XMCD), which is element selective, bulk sensitive and compatible with a wide range of experimental conditions. …”
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Polarised neutron reflectivity from U/Fe, U/Gd multilayers by Springell, R, Zochowski, S, Langridge, S, Thomas, M, Wilhelm, F, Rogalev, A, Brown, S, Stirling, W, Lander, G, Ward, R, Wells, MR

“…A combination of polarised neutron reflectivity, SQUID magnetometry and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism have revealed an induced moment on the U site in U/Fe structures and a saturation magnetisation which increases with increasing Fe and Gd thickness. © 2006.…”

X-ray detected ferromagnetic resonance techniques for the study of magnetization dynamics by van der Laan, G, Hesjedal, T

“…Magnetic sensitivity in XFMR is obtained from the X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) effect, where the phase of the magnetization precession of each magnetic layer with respect to the exciting radio frequency is obtained using stroboscopic probing of the spin precession. …”

Doping dependent intrinsic magnetization in silicon in Ni/Si heterostructures by Simone Laterza, Antonio Caretta, Richa Bhardwaj, Paolo Moras, Nicola Zema, Roberto Flammini, Marco Malvestuto

“…Abstract This investigation delves into the complex interaction at metal-semiconductor interfaces, highlighting the magnetic proximity effect in Ni/Si interfaces through systematic X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies at Ni and Si edges. …”
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Hybridization and magnetism in small FePt alloy clusters by K Chen, S Fiedler, I Baev, T Beeck, W Wurth, M Martins

“…Magnetic properties of small, mass selected, Fe and FePt alloy clusters deposited on a remanently magnetized Ni/Cu(001) substrate have been investigated using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. Strong size- and stoichiometry-dependent magnetic properties of Fe and FePt clusters are found, together with enhanced orbital moments compared to bulk and nanoparticles. …”
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Tailoring of magnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial Fe films by Dy doping by A. A. Baker, A. I. Figueroa, G. van der Laan, T. Hesjedal

“…Ferromagnetic resonance measurements show that an increase of Dy doping from 0.1% to 5% gives a tripling in Gilbert damping, and more importantly a strongly enhanced anisotropic damping that can be qualitatively understood through the slow-relaxing impurity model. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements show a pronounced suppression of the orbital moment of the Fe with Dy doping, leading to an almost threefold drop in the orbital to spin moment ratio, ml/ms. …”
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