The metrological aspects of converters based on operational amplifiers used to measure the electrical parameters of oxide coatings by Ekaterina A. Pecherskaya, Artem V. Volik, Timur O. Zinchenko, Igor' N. Kamardin, Dmitriy V. Artamonov, Sergey A. Gurin

“…In measuring instruments, integrating circuits based on an operational amplifier, which is a universal amplifying device, are used to perform linear mathematical operations on analog signals. The disadvantage of the integrating circuit is the use of an operational amplifier, when using which it is necessary to take into account many parameters and factors that can affect the output signal, and hence the accuracy of the measured value. …”

Feasibility of Frequency-Modulated Wireless Transmission for a Multi-Purpose MEMS-Based Accelerometer by Alessandro Sabato, Maria Q. Feng

“…Conventionally, the MEMS sensor’s analog signals are converted to digital signals before radio-frequency (RF) wireless transmission. …”
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The Integration of Instrumental Elements and Vocal Music Teaching in Colleges and Universities Based on the Core Literacy View of Music by Du Juan

“…In this paper, Fourier transforms in big data technology is used to realize the data preprocessing process of vocal signals from analog signals to digital signals and to explore the identification law of various music styles in vocal teaching in colleges and universities. …”
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Construction of teaching system of public art major using CMOS image sensor technology by Xueyin Yang

“…In this paper, when teachers use multimedia courseware for teaching, because the computer cannot process physical signals, part of the hardware is a converter that converts physical signals such as light and pictures received by the CMOS sensor into digital signals and inputs them to digital signals and analog signals. Through the converter, the two-way transmission of teacher and student information in the teaching process of public art majors from the perspective of diversified public art was realized. …”
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Subgradient Descent Learning Over Fading Multiple Access Channels With Over-the-Air Computation by Tamir L. S. Gez, Kobi Cohen

“…SGMA involves each node transmitting an analog shaped waveform of its local subgradient over MAC, and the PS receiving a superposition of the noisy analog signals, resulting in a bandwidth-efficient over-the-air (OTA) computation used to update the learned model. …”
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Structural and parametric synthesis of anti-average control algorithms for realizing adaptive frequency operating automaticselectrotechnical systems by V. R. Ivanovа, I. Y. Ivanov, V. V. Novokreshchenov

“…The result of this work is the developed algorithmic model of an adaptive FDA of a power plant, consisting of input and processing algorithms for input analog signals of a FDA, algorithms for input and processing of input discrete signals of a FDA, algorithms for generating start-up organs of a FDA, algorithms for allocating a power plant to a balanced load of a power district. …”
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Concentration and velocity measurement of flowing objects using optical and ultrasonic tomography by Saad, Mohd. Sazli

“…Interfacing card is used to interface the analog signals to the computer. The sensors detect the attenuation of light for optical system and acoustic energy for ultrasonic system. …”
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Trustworthy Digital Representations of Analog Information—An Application-Guided Analysis of a Fundamental Theoretical Problem in Digital Twinning by Holger Boche, Yannik N. Böck, Ullrich J. Mönich, Frank H. P. Fitzek

“…Subsequently, we apply this framework to sampling and interpolation theory, providing a thoroughly formalized method for digitally processing the information carried by bandlimited analog signals. We investigate discrete-time descriptions, which form the implicit quasi-standard in digital signal processing, and establish continuous-time descriptions that take the signal’s continuous-time behavior into account. …”
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Silicon-Based Graphene Electro-Optical Modulators by Ming Jin, Ziyi Wei, Yanfang Meng, Haowen Shu, Yuansheng Tao, Bowen Bai, Xingjun Wang

“…With the increasing demand for capacity in communications networks, the use of integrated photonics to transmit, process and manipulate digital and analog signals has been extensively explored. Silicon photonics, exploiting the complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible fabrication technology to realize low-cost, robust, compact, and power-efficient integrated photonic circuits, is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation chip-scale information and communication technology (ICT). …”
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Power Sharing Control in a Grid-Tied DC Microgrid: Controller Hardware in the Loop Validation by Víctor Samano-Ortega, Heriberto Rodriguez-Estrada, Elías Rodríguez-Segura, José Padilla-Medina, Juan Aguilera-Alvarez, Juan Martinez-Nolasco

“…These devices communicate with each other using analog signals representing the AC side current, the DC side voltage, and the HFBC control signal. …”
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Design, development, and qualification tests of prototype two-channel cryogenic temperature transmitter by Srinivasa Muralidhara, Dilip Kothari

“…The precision microcontroller is equipped with internal programmable gain amplifiers to accurately scale low-level analog signals from cryogenic temperature sensors. The developed transmitter can interface with two cryogenic RTDs (Cernox® and PT-100 types) and can accurately measure resistance over its calibrated range (300–4 K). …”
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In-Sensor Visual Perception and Inference by Yanan Liu, Rui Fan, Jianglong Guo, Hepeng Ni, Muhammad Usman Maqboo Bhutta

“…In contrast, in-sensor visual computing performs signal processing at the pixel level using the collected analog signals directly, without sending data to other processors. …”
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متطلبات التجهيزات الحاسوبية لتطبيقات الزمن الحقيقي by أحمد صقر أحمد

“…The research also deals with interfaces of different signals which are applied in control systems by using the computer methods dealing with it such as interfaces units for: digital signals, impulse signals and analog signals. The important idea upon which attention is focused is data transfer techniques, polling, interrupts, saving and storing registers through out interrupts operation, interrupt input mechanisms, interrupt response mechanism, multi-level interrupts and comparison of data transfer techniques. …”
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Development of Non-Invasive Ventilator for Homecare and Patient Monitoring System by Michele Menniti, Filippo Laganà, Giuseppe Oliva, Maria Bianco, Antonino S. Fiorillo, Salvatore A. Pullano

“…An analog-to-digital converter is used as the input for analog signals, while a digital-to-analog converter is used to drive the turbine. …”
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Fast Prediction Method for Scattering Parameters of Rigid-Flex PCBs Based on ANN by Jingling Mei, Haiyue Yuan, Xinxin Guo, Xiuqin Chu, Lei Ding

“…The rigid-flex printed circuit board (PCB) is a vital component of InGaAs detectors, as its grid ground plane design parameters impact parasitic capacitance and thus affect weak infrared analog signals. To address the time-intensive and costly nature of design optimization achieved with simulations and experimental measurements, we propose an innovative method based on a neural network to predict the scattering parameters of rigid-flex boards for InGaAs detection links. …”
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Design and Implementation of Single-Phase Grid-Connected Low-Voltage Battery Inverter for Residential Applications by Akekachai Pannawan, Tanakorn Kaewchum, Chayakarn Saeseiw, Piyadanai Pachanapan, Marko Hinkkanen, Sakda Somkun

“…This work presents a synchronization technique between the switching signal generation of the two converters and the sampling of analog signals for the control system. The prototyped inverter had an efficiency better than 90% and a total harmonic distortion in the grid current smaller than 1.5% at the battery power of ±1.5 kW.…”
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WORKBENCH FOR CONTROL SYSTEMS TRIALS BASED ON VIPA 300 CONTROLLER AND ADVANTECH INPUT/OUTPUT CARD by M. V. Levinskyi, M. T. Stepanov

“…Connection between controller and the PC is provided by the Advantech PCI-1711 input/output card of discrete and analog signals. Object identification,<br />control system synthesis, creation of control device structure and its parametrical identification, as a rule, is done on a PC in a modelling environment, e.g. in MatLab. …”
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Coherence of digital processing of current and voltage signals at decimation for power systems with a large share of renewable power stations by A.L. Kulikov, P.V. Ilyushin, K.V. Suslov, D.N. Karamov

“…Digital substations using the IEC 61850 protocol to exchange instantaneous values of analog signals employ merging units (MUs) for digital processing of current and voltage. …”
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Techniques for low-power high-performance ADCs by Lee, Sunghyuk

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Design of an 8-bit 100-MS/s switched-capacitor DAC for quantum computing control by Lyu, Changming

“…However, signals in nature are analog signals, so digital-to-analog converter (DAC) has become indispensable as an interface between digital systems and the analog world. …”
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