Serologically-Based Evaluation of Cross-Protection Antibody Responses among Different A(H1N1) Influenza Strains by Serena Marchi, Ilaria Manini, Otfried Kistner, Pietro Piu, Edmond J. Remarque, Alessandro Manenti, Fabrizio Biuso, Tommaso Carli, Giacomo Lazzeri, Emanuele Montomoli, Claudia Maria Trombetta

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Influenza Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase: Yin–Yang Proteins Coevolving to Thwart Immunity by Ivan Kosik, Jonathan W. Yewdell

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Probing altered receptor specificities of antigenically drifting human H3N2 viruses by chemoenzymatic synthesis, NMR, and modeling by Luca Unione, Augustinus N. A. Ammerlaan, Gerlof P. Bosman, Elif Uslu, Ruonan Liang, Frederik Broszeit, Roosmarijn van der Woude, Yanyan Liu, Shengzhou Ma, Lin Liu, Marcos Gómez-Redondo, Iris A. Bermejo, Pablo Valverde, Tammo Diercks, Ana Ardá, Robert P. de Vries, Geert-Jan Boons

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Recycling of memory B cells between germinal center and lymph node subcapsular sinus supports affinity maturation to antigenic drift by Yang Zhang, Laura Garcia-Ibanez, Carolin Ulbricht, Laurence S. C. Lok, Jeremy A. Pike, Jennifer Mueller-Winkler, Thomas W. Dennison, John R. Ferdinand, Cameron J. M. Burnett, Juan C. Yam-Puc, Lingling Zhang, Raul Maqueda Alfaro, Yousuke Takahama, Izumi Ohigashi, Geoffrey Brown, Tomohiro Kurosaki, Victor L. J. Tybulewicz, Antal Rot, Anja E. Hauser, Menna R. Clatworthy, Kai-Michael Toellner

“…Here the authors show that some memory B cells recycle to GC via CCL-21 mediated chemotaxis to deliver antigens from the lymph node subcapsular sinus (SCS) to potentially contribute to affinity maturation and antigenic drift.…”
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Population-based hospitalization burden of influenza a virus subtypes and antigenic drift variants in children in Hong Kong (2004-2011). by Susan S Chiu, Janice Y C Lo, Kwok-Hung Chan, Eunice L Y Chan, Lok-Yee So, Peng Wu, Benjamin J Cowling, Robin Chen, J S Malik Peiris

“…Additional factors affecting hospitalization were the proportion of viral circulation among different subtypes, and antigenic drifts. Taking these into effect, an H3N2 dominated year was not always associated with more hospitalizations than a 'seasonal' H1N1 year. …”
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Genetic characterization of norovirus GII.4 variants circulating in Canada using a metagenomic technique by Nicholas Petronella, Jennifer Ronholm, Menka Suresh, Jennifer Harlow, Oksana Mykytczuk, Nathalie Corneau, Sabah Bidawid, Neda Nasheri

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Growth Kinetics of Influenza C Virus Antigenic Mutants That Escaped from Anti-Hemagglutinin Esterase Monoclonal Antibodies and Viral Antigenic Changes Found in Field Isolates by Yoko Matsuzaki, Kanetsu Sugawara, Yoshitaka Shimotai, Yoko Kadowaki, Seiji Hongo, Katsumi Mizuta, Hidekazu Nishimura

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Isolation and genomic characteristics of the novel variant infectious bursal disease virus in China by Zongyi Bo, Zongyi Bo, Shixu Wang, Keke Xu, Keke Xu, Chengcheng Zhang, Mengjiao Guo, Yongzhong Cao, Yongzhong Cao, Xiaorong Zhang, Yantao Wu, Yantao Wu

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Identification of Low- and High-Impact Hemagglutinin Amino Acid Substitutions That Drive Antigenic Drift of Influenza A(H1N1) Viruses. by William T Harvey, Donald J Benton, Victoria Gregory, James P J Hall, Rodney S Daniels, Trevor Bedford, Daniel T Haydon, Alan J Hay, John W McCauley, Richard Reeve

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Assessing Antigenic Drift of Seasonal Influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses. by Nipaporn Tewawong, Slinporn Prachayangprecha, Preeyaporn Vichiwattana, Sumeth Korkong, Sirapa Klinfueng, Sompong Vongpunsawad, Thanunrat Thongmee, Apiradee Theamboonlers, Yong Poovorawan

“…These findings further confirmed the accelerating antigenic drift of the circulating influenza A(H3N2) in recent years.…”
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Swine-to-Ferret Transmission of Antigenically Drifted Contemporary Swine H3N2 Influenza A Virus Is an Indicator of Zoonotic Risk to Humans by Carine K. Souza, J. Brian Kimble, Tavis K. Anderson, Zebulun W. Arendsee, David E. Hufnagel, Katharine M. Young, Phillip C. Gauger, Nicola S. Lewis, C. Todd Davis, Sharmi Thor, Amy L. Vincent Baker

“…If a variant virus is antigenically drifted from current human seasonal vaccine (HuVac) strains, it may be chosen as a candidate virus vaccine (CVV) for pandemic preparedness purposes. …”
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Emerging of H5N6 Subtype Influenza Virus with 129-Glycosylation Site on Hemagglutinin in Poultry in China Acquires Immune Pressure Adaption by Nuo Xu, Yuwei Wu, Yulian Chen, Yue Li, Yuncong Yin, Sujuan Chen, Huiguang Wu, Tao Qin, Daxin Peng, Xiufan Liu

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Mapping person-to-person variation in viral mutations that escape polyclonal serum targeting influenza hemagglutinin by Juhye M Lee, Rachel Eguia, Seth J Zost, Saket Choudhary, Patrick C Wilson, Trevor Bedford, Terry Stevens-Ayers, Michael Boeckh, Aeron C Hurt, Seema S Lakdawala, Scott E Hensley, Jesse D Bloom

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Interim estimates of divergence date and vaccine strain match of human influenza A(H3N2) virus from systematic influenza surveillance (2010–2015) in Hangzhou, southeast of China by Jun Li, Yin-yan Zhou, Yu Kou, Xin-fen Yu, Zhi-bei Zheng, Xu-hui Yang, Hao-qiu Wang

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Seasonal influenza vaccine performance and the potential benefits of mRNA vaccines by Colin A. Russell, Ron A. M. Fouchier, Parinaz Ghaswalla, Yoonyoung Park, Nevena Vicic, Jintanat Ananworanich, Raffael Nachbagauer, Deborah Rudin

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Interspecies Transmission from Pigs to Ferrets of Antigenically Distinct Swine H1 Influenza A Viruses with Reduced Reactivity to Candidate Vaccine Virus Antisera as Measures of Rel... by J. Brian Kimble, Carine K. Souza, Tavis K. Anderson, Zebulun W. Arendsee, David E. Hufnagel, Katharine M. Young, Nicola S. Lewis, C. Todd Davis, Sharmi Thor, Amy L. Vincent Baker

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GII.4 Human Norovirus: Surveying the Antigenic Landscape by Michael L. Mallory, Lisa C. Lindesmith, Rachel L. Graham, Ralph S. Baric

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Cluster of Oseltamivir-Resistant and Hemagglutinin Antigenically Drifted Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses, Texas, USA, January 2020 by Teena Mohan, Ha T. Nguyen, Krista Kniss, Vasiliy P. Mishin, Angiezel A. Merced-Morales, Jennifer Laplante, Kirsten St. George, Patricia Blevins, Anton Chesnokov, Juan A. De La Cruz, Rebecca Kondor, David E. Wentworth, Larisa V. Gubareva

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Molecular Analysis of Full-Length VP2 of Canine Parvovirus Reveals Antigenic Drift in CPV-2b and CPV-2c Variants in Central Chile by Véliz-Ahumada Alexis, Vidal Sonia, Siel Daniela, Guzmán Miguel, Hardman Timothy, Farias Valentina, Lapierre Lisette, Sáenz Leonardo

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Low 2012-13 influenza vaccine effectiveness associated with mutation in the egg-adapted H3N2 vaccine strain not antigenic drift in circulating viruses. by Danuta M Skowronski, Naveed Z Janjua, Gaston De Serres, Suzana Sabaiduc, Alireza Eshaghi, James A Dickinson, Kevin Fonseca, Anne-Luise Winter, Jonathan B Gubbay, Mel Krajden, Martin Petric, Hugues Charest, Nathalie Bastien, Trijntje L Kwindt, Salaheddin M Mahmud, Paul Van Caeseele, Yan Li

“…During the 2012-13 season, however, detailed genotypic and phenotypic characterization shows that low VE was instead related to mutations in the egg-adapted H3N2 vaccine strain rather than antigenic drift in circulating viruses.Component-specific VE against medically-attended, PCR-confirmed influenza was estimated in Canada by test-negative case-control design. …”
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