Modeling Influenza Antigenic Shift and Drift with LEGO Bricks by Boriana Marintcheva

“…The concepts of antigenic shift and drift could be found in almost every microbiology and virology syllabus, usually taught in the context of Influenza virus biology. …”
Get full text

Widespread Reassortment Contributes to Antigenic Shift in Bluetongue Viruses from South Africa by Antoinette Van Schalkwyk, Peter Coetzee, Karen Ebersohn, Beate Von Teichman, Estelle Venter

Subjects: Get full text

Il virus influenzale: una nuova pandemia dietro l’angolo? by Concetta Castilletti, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi

Subjects: “…Influenza virus, pandemic, antigenic shift, antiviral drugs…”
Get full text

Multiple HA substitutions in highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses contributed to the change in the NA subtype preference by Khristine Joy C. Antigua, Yun Hee Baek, Won-Suk Choi, Ju Hwan Jeong, Eun-Ha Kim, Sol Oh, Sun-Woo Yoon, Changil Kim, Eung-Gook Kim, So-Young Choi, Seung Kon Hong, Young Ki Choi, Min Suk Song

Subjects: Get full text

Evolution of the Influenza A Virus: Some New Advances by Raul Rabadan, Harlan Robins

Subjects: Get full text

Back to the Future for Influenza Preimmunity—Looking Back at Influenza Virus History to Infer the Outcome of Future Infections by Magen Ellen Francis, Morgan Leslie King, Alyson Ann Kelvin

Subjects: Get full text

A case of swine flu superinfected with carbapenem resistant Klebsiella by Rajdip Hazra

“…Swine flu is caused by antigenic shift of influenza A virus with clinical features similar to seasonal influenza virus. …”
Get full text

Prediction of influenza vaccine effectiveness for the influenza season 2017/18 in the US [version 1; referees: 2 approved] by Slobodan Paessler, Veljko Veljkovic

“…The high evolutionary rate, antigenic shift and antigenic drift of influenza viruses, represents the main obstacle for correct prediction of the vaccine effectiveness for an upcoming flu season. …”
Get full text

Epizootological Monitoring of Trypanosomosis and Piroplasmidosis in Animals by Ch. Georgiou

“…Protozoologists are faced with the following tasks: continuous monitoring of the epizootic condition for the prevailing and economically significant protozoal diseases of animals; development and implementation of most advanced effective drugs for diagnostics, therapy and prevention of protozoal diseases based on molecular biology, genetic engineering and cell biotechnology achievements; chemotherapeutic screening to treat parasite carriers’ body from the disease agent; study of biocenotic relations among endamebas of various systemic groups; studying genetic make-ups of an antigenic shift of pathogenic protozoa; development of immunogenetic studies of animals to select their protozoal disease-resistant populations; study of biology of the understudied protozoal diseases.…”
Get full text

Clinical advances in viral-vectored influenza vaccines by Sebastian, S, Lambe, T

“…Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). …”

The recombinant origin of emerging human norovirus GII.4/2008: Intra-genotypic exchange of the capsid P2 domain by Lam, T, Zhu, H, Smith, D, Guan, Y, Holmes, E, Pybus, O

“…This study highlights the possible importance of intra-genotypic recombination over antigenic regions in driving norovirus evolution, and is suggestive of a process analogous to the antigenic shift of influenza A virus by reassortment. © 2012 SGM.…”

The recombinant origin of emerging human norovirus GII.4/2008: intra-genotypic exchange of the capsid P2 domain. by Lam, T, Zhu, H, Smith, D, Guan, Y, Holmes, E, Pybus, O

“…This study highlights the possible importance of intra-genotypic recombination over antigenic regions in driving norovirus evolution, and is suggestive of a process analogous to the antigenic shift of influenza A virus by reassortment.…”

Antigenicity Alternations of Variant PEDV S Protein Disclosed by Linear B Cell Epitope Mapping by Ruisong Yu, Shijuan Dong, Bingqing Chen, Yingjie Liu, Fengping Li, Fusheng Si, Chunfang Xie, Zhen Li

“…Mutations of the S protein are supposed to provide the main antigenic shift leading to the antigenic escape of PEDVs. …”
Get full text

Influenza H5N1 Virus of Birds Surrounding H5N1 Human Cases Have Specific Characteristics on the Matrix Protein by NI LUH PUTU INDI DHARMAYANTI, FERA IBRAHIM, DARMINTO, AMIN SOEBANDRIO

“…We found that the one of six viruses used in this study probably was a first antigenic shift virus in Indonesia. This study shows that the AI viruses isolated from birds around humans infected by H5N1 virus has specific characteristics namely the presence of several amino acid substitutions especially on the M1 and M2 proteins. …”
Get full text

Clinical Advances in Viral-Vectored Influenza Vaccines by Sarah Sebastian, Teresa Lambe

“…Unfortunately, influenza vaccine composition needs to be updated annually due to antigenic shift and drift in the viral immunogen hemagglutinin (HA). …”
Get full text

Influenza by Esra KAYA KILIÇ, Serhat ÜNAL

“…They cause seasonal influenza disease in the northern hemisphere in September-April. However, the antigenic shift and drift properties of the virus can cause mutations in hosts other than humans and cause pandemics. …”
Get full text

Avian influenza virus and human: pandemic concern and threat? by Mohammad Derakhshan

“…Two forms of mutations including drift and shift have been recognized for antigenic changes in influenza viruses. Antigenic shift is responsible for producing re-assortment viruses with a potentiality to be transmissible to human and possibly resulting in pandemic. …”
Get full text

Intranasal flu vaccine protective against seasonal and H5N1 avian influenza infections. by Mohammed Alsharifi, Yoichi Furuya, Timothy R Bowden, Mario Lobigs, Aulikki Koskinen, Matthias Regner, Lee Trinidad, David B Boyle, Arno Müllbacher

“…BACKGROUND: Influenza A (flu) virus causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, and current vaccines require annual updating to protect against the rapidly arising antigenic variations due to antigenic shift and drift. In fact, current subunit or split flu vaccines rely exclusively on antibody responses for protection and do not induce cytotoxic T (Tc) cell responses, which are broadly cross-reactive between virus strains. …”
Get full text

The gut-lung axis in influenza A: the role of gut microbiota in immune balance by Guosen Ou, Huachong Xu, Jialin Wu, Shiqi Wang, Yaokang Chen, Li Deng, Xiaoyin Chen

“…Yet because the Influenza A virus (IAV) is highly susceptible to antigenic drift and Antigenic shift, and because of the lag in vaccine production, this poses a significant challenge to vaccine effectiveness. …”
Get full text

VARIABILITY OF THE INFLUENZA A VIRUS by I. A. Sobolev, O. G. Kurskaya, K. A. Sharshov, E. A. Prokopyeva, A. Yu. Alekseev, A. A. Gadzhiev, A. M. Shestopalov

“…Variability of the influenza virus genome is provided by antigenic drift, antigenic shift and recombination. This mechanisms of the variability of influenza virus that allow to remain a highly contagious infectious agent able to infect a large number of host species and cause significant problems as a result of epidemics and pandemics.…”
Get full text