Manipulation of magnetic state in phosphorene layer by non-magnetic impurity doping by Imran Khan, Jisang Hong

“…The binding energy showed a tendency to decrease with increasing atomic number. Nonetheless, we still found large binding energies of 5.1 eV ∼ 8.3 eV. …”
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Evaluation of radiation shielding properties of the polyvinyl alcohol/iron oxide polymer composite by K Srinivasan, E James Jabaseelan Samuel

“…Results: Effective atomic numbers and electron density are increased with the concentration of magnetite. …”
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Simulation of Bremsstrahlung X-ray and photo-neutron generation via interaction of laser-produced electrons with solid targets by Saeideh Najafi, Lida Nikzad, Zafar Riazi

“…Furthermore, for materials with higher density and atomic number, the increment of Bremsstrahlung photon emission, which occurs at smaller thicknesses, results in greater generation of neutron flux.…”
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PENGGUNAAN PASIR BESI DAN TAILING UNTUK BETON BERAT SEBAGAI PERISAI RADIASI SINAR GAMMA by , Robianus Hara, , Prof. Ir. Sukandarrumidi, M.Sc, Ph.D

“…The density of concrete can be increased by using aggregates that have higher atomic number and of high specific gravity. The thickness of shielding required depend on the activity and energy of the source and on the dose rate and protection capability of the shielding material. …”

3D correlative imaging of lithium ion concentration in a vertically oriented electrode microstructure with a density gradient. by Huang, C, Wilson, MD, Suzuki, K, Liotti, E, Connolley, T, Magdysyuk, OV, Collins, S, Van Assche, F, Boone, MN, Veale, MC, Lui, A, Wheater, R-M, Leung, CLA

“…Most understanding of Li+ ion diffusion in the electrodes is based on computational modeling because of the low atomic number (Z) of Li. There are few experimental methods to visualize Li+ ion concentration distribution of the electrode within a battery of typical configurations, for example, coin cells with stainless steel casing. …”

Review of X-ray phase contrast imaging techniques and propagation based imaging using a Benchtop Microfocal Source by Bradley, David, Gondogdu, Ozcan, Jenneson, Paul, Nirgianaki, Eleftheria, Elna Herawati Che Ismail

“…The fundamental interaction processes are dependent on variations in the atomic number and density of the target medium; consequentially radiographic contrast can be poor, particularly in regard to soft tissue imaging. …”
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Contrast enhancement of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of polymer gel dosimeter by adding Platinum nano- particles by Deyhimihaghighi, N., Mohd Noor, Noramaliza, Soltani, Nader, Jorfi, Rahele, Haghiri, Maryam Erfani, Adenan, Mohd Zulfadli, Saion, Elias, Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin

“…As the mean energy of 60Co is 1.25 MeV and atomic number (Z) of Pt is 78, the predominant effect will be Compton effect and Photoelectric cannot occurred. …”
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An investigation on shielding properties of BaO, MoO3 and P2O5 based glasses using MCNPX code by Agar, O., Sayyed, M. I., Tekin, H. O., Kaky, Kawa M., Baki, S. O., Kityk, I.

“…In the present work, some radiation shielding quantities (mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic number, effective electron density, half value layer and mean free path) for various BaO–MoO3–P2O5 ternary glass systems have been determined within the 0.015–15 MeV energy range, using WinXCom program. …”
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Fabrication And Characterization Of Microcalcification Breast Phantom For Image Quality Analysis by Oyiwoja, Okoh Franca

“…The density, elemental composition, effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (ꝭeff), mass attenuation coefficients of the PVAL-based phantoms and MC features (CaCO3/graphite) were determined. …”
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Detailed Inspection of <i>γ</i>-ray, Fast and Thermal Neutrons Shielding Competence of Calcium Oxide or Strontium Oxide Comprising Bismuth Borate Glasses by Gandham Lakshminarayana, Youssef Elmahroug, Ashok Kumar, Huseyin Ozan Tekin, Najeh Rekik, Mengge Dong, Dong-Eun Lee, Jonghun Yoon, Taejoon Park

“…Instead of B₂O₃/CaO or B₂O₃/SrO, the Bi₂O₃ addition causes improved <i>γ</i>-ray shielding competence, i.e., rise in effective atomic number (<i>Z_eff</i>) and a fall in half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), and mean free path (MFP). …”
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The Evaluation of Fission Barrier Height by Fission Toy Model Approach by R. Kurniadi, Z. Suud, Y. S. Perkasa

“…Then, by calculating several essential points, a data set was obtained that can be used to produce a curve that relates the Coulomb energy to the mass number and the atomic number of a nuclide.The success of this research is indicated by the calculation results that are close to the experimental value compared to other methods.…”
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Therapeutic Advancements in Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitization for Head and Neck Cancer Therapy by Poornima Dubey, Mathieu Sertorio, Vinita Takiar

“…In the last decade, there has been increasing interest in harnessing high atomic number materials (Z-elements) as nanoparticle radiosensitizers that can also be specifically directed to the tumor bed. …”
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Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding AlxFeCoCrNiMn High Entropy Alloy of Q345 Steel by Dongfang Yan, Chuanwei Shi, Jianyang Wang, Yuanbin Zhang, Junhua Sun, Yongbin Wang, Peng Liu

“…Abstract High entropy alloy is a multi-component alloy material with equal or near atomic number, which has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance. …”
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MoO3-TeO2 glass system for gamma ray shielding applications by M S Al-Buriahi, Halil Arslan, H O Tekin, V P Singh, Baris T Tonguc

“…Shielding effectiveness for these glasses has been estimated by computing half value layer (HVL), effective atomic number ( Z _eff ), and mean free paths (MFP). …”
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Natural leather based gamma-ray shielding materials enabled by the coordination of well-dispersed Bi3+/Ba2+ ions and RE2O3 coating by Yue Shen, Jibo Zhou, Zheng Han, Hao Li, Linping Yan, Xuepin Liao, Bi Shi

“…In the present study, natural composites based on leather and high-Z elements (atomic number ≥ 56) were fabricated and used as gamma rays shielding materials. …”
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Nuclear Radiation Shielding Characteristics of Some Natural Rocks by Using EPICS2017 Library by Mohammed Sultan Al-Buriahi, M. I. Sayyed, Rashad A. R. Bantan, Yas Al-Hadeethi

“…The obtained µ/ρ values are confirmed via the theoretical XCOM program by determining the correlation factor and relative deviation between both of these methods. Then, effective atomic number (Z_eff), absorption length (MFP), and half value layer (HVL) are evaluated by applying the µ/ρ values. …”
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Evaluation of TlBr semiconductor detector in gamma camera imaging: Monte Carlo simulation study by Youngjin Lee, Chanrok Park

“…Among the detector materials available at room temperature, thallium bromide (TlBr), which has a relatively high atomic number and density, is widely used for gamma camera imaging. …”
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Gamma-Rays Spectroscopy by Using a Thallium Activated Sodium Iodide NaI(Ti) by Ari M. Hamad, Hiwa M. Qadr

“…This is expected because of the greater density and higher atomic number of tungsten, therefore, tungsten can attenuate gamma-ray more than zirconium.…”
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On the calculation of phase equilibrium of Thorium using van der Waals model by M Najafi, M Khajevand

“…Thorium is an actinide substance with an atomic number of 90. Natural thorium is radioactive and, although not fissile, it undergoes a nuclear reaction (n, γ) and then beta radiation into a fissile material of the uranium. …”
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Monte Carlo Simulation to Test the Effectiveness of Crystal Detector Length for PHITS-Based PET Modality by Gusti Atika Urfa, Nurma Sari, Totok Wianto, Sri C Wahyono, Arfan E Fahrudin, Amar V Nasrulloh

“…The materials used in this simulation are NaI (Sodium Iodide), BaF2 (Barium Florida), BGO (Bismuth Germanate), and GSO (Gadolinium Oxyorthosilicate), considering their atomic number and crystal density. The crystal material is capable of absorbing gamma radiation with an energy of 511 keV with detailed crystal lengths for each NaI crystal of 0.26 cm; 0.25 cm BaF2 crystals; 0.1cm BGO crystals; and 0.18 cm GSO crystals. …”
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