Exploring the application of dual‐energy CT to discriminate sediment facies in a varved sequence by M. Martini, P. Francus, L. Di Schiavi Trotta, P. Letellier, M. Des Roches, P. Després

“…Abstract Dual‐energy X‐ray computed tomography consists of imaging objects using two incident X‐ray beams of different energy to distinguish the different compounds within a sample based on their density (electron density, ρe) and elemental composition (effective atomic number, Zeff). The stoichiometric calibration for dual‐energy X‐ray computed tomography was already successfully implemented to identify single and homogeneous minerals easily and non‐destructively. …”
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Many Body Current Density from Foldy–Wouthuysen Transformation of the Dirac–Coulomb Hamiltonian by Francesco Ferdinando Summa, Roberta Citro

“…Despite the singularity, the spin-orbit coupling current becomes an important contribution to the total current in open-shell systems with high-spin multiplicity and a high atomic number in the nuclear proximity. On long ranges, this contribution is overcome by the Coulomb potential and the derived electric field which decays very quickly for small distances from nuclear charges. …”
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Calculation of the Effects of Silver (Ag) Dopant on Radiation Shielding Efficiency of BiPbSrCaCuO Superconductor Ceramics Using EGS4 Code by Selim Kaya

“…Then, using the mass attenuation coefficients, some shielding parameters were determined, such as the mean free path (MFP), the half value layer (HVL), the effective atomic number (Zeff), the radiation protection efficiency (RPE), the macroscopic fast neutron removal cross-sections (ΣR, cm⁻¹) and the gamma-ray kerma coefficients (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>k</mi><mi>γ</mi></msub></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>). …”
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Evaluation of gamma-ray buildup factors for some waste paper and natural rubber composites by M. A. El-Sarraf, A. A. El-Sayed Abdo

“…In addition, kerma relative to air for photon energies from 1 to 20 MeV were computed and show dependence upon equivalent atomic numbers. In this work, it was clear that filled samples offer better shielding capabilities than unfilled ones. …”
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Modeling of the mass attenuation coefficients of X ray beams using deep neural networks (DNN) and NIST database by GUSTAVO BERNARDES DA SILVA, VIVIANE RODRIGUES BOTELHO, Carla Diniz Lopes Becker, Cassiana Viccari, Thatiane A. Pianoschi

“…The NIST database was used to estimate the attenuation coefficients in terms of energy and atomic number from a regression problem using two approaches: the proposition of an automated model using the framework Talos and a manual model using Keras. …”
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Earth's radiation belts' ions: patterns of the spatial-energy structure and its solar-cyclic variations by A. S. Kovtyukh

“…In the inner regions of the ERB, it has been observed that fluxes decrease with increasing solar activity and that the solar-cyclic variations of fluxes of <span class="inline-formula"><i>Z</i>≥2</span> ions are much greater than those for protons; moreover, it seems that they increase with increasing atomic number <span class="inline-formula"><i>Z</i></span>. …”
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Fabrication and Characterization of a High-Performance Multi-Annular Backscattered Electron Detector for Desktop SEM by Wei-Ruei Lin, Yun-Ju Chuang, Chih-Hao Lee, Fan-Gang Tseng, Fu-Rong Chen

“…Additionally, we integrated it with lateral p-n junction processing and aluminum grid structure to increase the sensitivity and efficiency of the multi-annular BSE detector that gives higher sensitivity of atomic number contrast and better surface topography contrast of BSE images for low-energy detection. …”
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Understanding the Role of Radio-Sensitizing Nanoparticles in Enhancing Pathologic Response in Soft Tissue Sarcomas by Anastasia Stergioula, Evaggelos Pantelis, Vasileios Kontogeorgakos, Andreas C. Lazaris, Georgios Agrogiannis

“…High-atomic-number (Z) nanoparticles produce a cascade of low-energy secondary electrons and characteristic X-rays when ionized by X-ray irradiation. …”
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An experimental investigation into the radiation-shielding performance of newly developed polyester containing recycled waste marble and bismuth oxide by Almuqrin Aljawhara H., Yasmin Sabina, Abualsayed Mohammad Ibrahim, Elsafi Mohamed

“…A few significant shielding parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), and effective atomic number (Z eff) have been measured experimentally using an HPGe detector. …”
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Assessment of Oxaliplatin-Loaded Iodine Nanoparticles for Chemoradiotherapy of Human Colorectal Cancer (HT-29) Cells by Naser Rasouli, Daryoush Shahbazi-Gahrouei, Simin Hematti, Behzad Baradaran, Roya Salehi, Jaleh Varshosaz, Abbas Jafarizad

“…Colorectal cancer is highly prevalent worldwide and has significant morbidity and mortality in humans. High-atomic-number nanoparticles such as iodine can act as X-rays absorbers to increase the local dose. …”
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Speculations Linking Monazite Compositions to Origin: Llallagua Tin Ore Deposit (Bolivia) by Elizabeth J. Catlos, Nathan R. Miller

“…Llallagua monazite oscillatory zoning is controlled by an interplay of low (P + Ca + Si + Y) and high atomic number (REE) elements. We suggest monazite compositions provide insight into fluid geochemistry, mineral reactions, and tectonic settings of ore deposits that contain the mineral.…”
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Extraction of Rare Earth Elements from Chloride Solutions Using Mixtures of P507 and Cyanex 272 by Mikhail A. Afonin, Andrey V. Nechaev, Ilya A. Yakimenko, Vera V. Belova

“…The extractability of REEs increases with the increasing atomic number of the element, as is typical for the extraction of these metals with acidic organophosphorus extractants. …”
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Radiation parameterizations and optical characterizations for glass shielding composed of SLS waste glass and lead-free materials by Thair Hussein Khazaalah, Iskandar Shahrim Mustafa, M.I. Sayyed

“…Furthermore, the radiation shielding parameter findings suggest that when BaO was increased in the glass structure, the linear attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number (Zeff) rose. But the half-value layer HVL declined as the BaO concentration grew. …”
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Evaluation of Dosimetric Effect of Bone Scatter on Nanoparticle-Enhanced Orthovoltage Radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo Phantom Study by Afia Sadiq, James C. L. Chow

“…It was found that DER values at the skin lesion increased with the presence of bone when there was a higher atomic number of NPs, a higher NP concentration, and a lower photon beam energy. …”
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First lattice QCD study of the gluonic structure of light nuclei by Winter, Frank, Gambhir, Arjun S., Orginos, Kostas, Savage, Martin J., Shanahan, Phiala E., Detmold, William, Wagman, Michael L

“…The first moment of the unpolarized gluon distribution is studied in nuclei up to atomic number A=3 at quark masses corresponding to pion masses of m[subscript π]∼450 and 806 MeV. …”
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Effects of transition metal spacers on spin-orbit torques, spin Hall magnetoresistance, and magnetic anisotropy of Pt/Co bilayers by Avci, Can Onur, Beach, Geoffrey Stephen

“…The reduction of the dampinglike torque is monotonic with atomic number for the isoelectronic 3d,4d, and 5d elements, with the exception of V that has a stronger effect than Cr. …”
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Implementation of scattering pinhole diagnostic for detection of fusion products on CR-39 at high particle fluence by Orozco, David, S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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Microstructural characterization of irradiation-induced MnNI-rich solute cluster in highly neutron-irradiated MnNiMo alloyed weld metals by Lim, J, Hyde, J, Lozano-Perez, S, Grovenor, C

“…HAADF image data indicate that the features have a lower average projected atomic number or density than the matrix. These results are consistent with the atom probe tomography data, which demonstrate that these clusters contain high levels of manganese, nickel, and silicon. …”

Doped silica fibre thermoluminescence measurements of radiation dose in the use of 223 Ra by Bradley, David Andrew, Sani, S.F. Abdul, Shafiqah, A.S. Siti, Collins, Sean M., Hugtenburg, Richard P., Rashid, Hairul Azhar Abdul, Zulkepely, Nurul Najua, Maah, Mohd Jamil

“…Notable features are the considerable sensitivity of the dosimeters and an effective atomic number Zeff approaching that of bone, the glass fibres offering the added advantage of being able to be placed directly into liquid. …”

Mechanical and imaging properties of a clinical-grade kidney phantom based on polydimethylsiloxane and elastomer by Kamal, Izdihar, Abdul Razak, Hairil Rashmizal, Abdul Karim, Muhammad Khalis, Mashohor, Syamsiah, Ying, Josephine Chyi Liew, Low, Yiin Jian, Zaaba, Nur Atiqah, Mazlan, Norkhairunnisa, Mohd Rafi, Nur Athirah Syima

“…The stability of the samples was assessed using compression testing, and the attenuation properties of sample S2 were evaluated. The effective atomic number of S2 showed a similar pattern to the human kidney tissue at 1.50 × 10−1 to 1 MeV. …”