Morphology and thermoluminescence characteristics of customised Ge-doped optical fibre under Am-Be neutron source as a potential to be used for space radiation detector by Bajuri, F., Bradley, D. A., Mustafa, S., Tamchek, N., Ahmad Saad, F. F., Mazlan, N., Mohd Noor, N.

“…From the EDX results, it was found that the effective atomic number of CusOF were in the range of 13.40–15.25, similar to human skeleton. …”

Exploration of gamma radiation shielding features for titanate bismuth borotellurite glasses using relevant software program and Monte Carlo simulation code by Narayana, Gandham Lakshmi, Kumar, Ashok, Dong, Mengge G., Sayyed, M. I., Long, Nguyen Viet, Mahdi, Mohd Adzir

“…The (μ/ρ) values were then used to calculate the effective atomic number (Zeff), electron density (Ne), mean free path (MFP) and half-value layer (HVL) values. …”
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Promising applicable heterometallic Al2O3/PbO2 nanoparticles in shielding properties by Ali, Atif Mossad, Issa, Shams A. M., Ahmed, Mohamed Rashad, B. Saddeek, Yasser, Mohd Zaid, Mohd Hafiz, Sayed, Mahmoud, Somaily, Hamoud H., Tekin, Huseyin Ozan, Sidek, Ab Aziz, Matori, Khamirul Amin, Zakaly, Hesham M. H.

“…Moreover, the results using FLUKA code showed that the values attenuation coefficient (μm), high effective atomic number (Zeff) and neutron shielding parameters increase as the lead dioxide increase in the Al2O3/PbO2 samples. …”
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Influence of lead and zinc oxides on the radiation shielding properties of tellurite glass systems by Alalawi, Amani I., Al-Buriahi, Mohammed, Sayyed, M. I., Akyildirim, Hakan, Arslan, Halil, Mohd Zaid, Mohd Hafiz, Tonguc, Baris Tamer

“…The glasses’ gamma shielding abilities were assessed using their mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), and half value layer (HVL) values. …”
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Designing high-density of PbO-enriched telluro-borate glasses for improved radiation shielding: A comprehensive study of attenuation parameters by Thabit, Hammam Abdurabu, Ismail, Abd. Khamim, Hashim, S., Sayyed, M. I., Naseer, K. A., Bassam, S. A.

“…Mean free path (MFP) has an inverse relationship with the density of each sample but increases with greater incoming photon energy. The effective atomic number (Zeff)values peak at low photon energies and rise significantly with increasing PbO content. …”

Structure and electrochemical properties of vanadium doped for lithium iron phosphate cathode by Che Raimi, Nur Isarah

“…EDX analysis confirmed the existence of each element in the samples except for Li which cannot be detected as the atomic number is less than five. In charge/discharge electrochemical test, the obtained discharge capacities were far from the theoretical value and not suitable for commercialization of lithium ion batteries. …”
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Luminescence characteristics of Li2O-MgO-B2O3 doped with Dy3+ as a solid TL detector by Hashim, Suhairul, Abu Mhareb, Mohammad Hasan, Ghoshal, Sib Krishna, Alajerami, Yasser Saleh Mustafa, Bradley, David Andrew, Saripan, M. Iqbal, Tamchek, N., Alzimami, K.

“…Thermoluminescence (TL) properties including dose response and effective atomic number are determined. A good linearity in the dose response with correlation coefficient ~0.9977 and a tissue equivalent Zeff~8.71 is achieved. …”

Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of Li2O-Na2O-B2O3 glass by Razak, N. A., Hashim, S., Mhareb, M. H. A., Tamchek, N.

“…The calculated value of the effective atomic number, Zeff, is 7.55 which is nearly tissue equivalent (Zeff = 7.42). …”

The thermoluminescence response of doped SiO2 optical fibres subjected to photon and electron irradiations by Ramli, Ahmad Termizi, Bradley, D. A., Hashim, Suhairul, Wagiran, Hussin

“…For Ge-doped fibres, the effective atomic numbers value was 11.4, the equivalent value for Al-doped fibres was 12.3. …”

The thermoluminescence response of doped SiO2 optical fibres subjected to alpha-particle irradiation by Ramli, Ahmad Termizi, Bradley, D. A., Hashim, S., Wagiran, Husin

“…For Ge-doped fibres, the effective atomic numbers value was 11.4, the equivalent value for Al-doped fibres was 12.3. …”

Realization of dysprosium doped lithium magnesium borate glass based TLD subjected to 1–100 Gy photon beam irradiations by Hashim, S., Omar, R. S., Ghoshal, S. K.

“…EDX spectra verified the precise elemental traces in the sample ead to determine the effective atomic number (Zeff) of the studied samples. The optimum pre-annealing temperature and time was correspondingly discerned to be 200 °C and 60 min. …”

The role of Tb2O3 in enhancement the properties of the La2O3–P2O5 glass system: Mechanical and radiation shielding study by Aljawhara H. Almuqrin, Mohamed Y. Hanfi, Mohammed I. Sayyed, Karem Mahmoud, Hanan Al-Ghamdi, Dalal Abdullah Aloraini, Badriah Albarzan

“…Furthermore, the effective atomic number (Zeff), equivalent atomic number (Zeq), exposure buildup factor (EBF), and the energy absorption buildup factor (EABF) of the glasses were calculated utilizing BXCOM software. …”
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Xenobiotic biotransformation in the era of exposome: database fusion, computer assisted prediction, and chemical-chemical interaction by Peng, Bo

“…The prediction approach began with automatically retrieved reaction templates, which were obtained by comparing the SMARTS pattern, atomic number, total number of hydrogens, formal charge, degree, number of radical electrons, aromaticity, bond orders, and atomic number of neighbouring atoms of the mapped atom-to-atom reaction of reactants and products. …”
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Effect of transition metals doping on electronic structure and optical properties of β-Ga2O3 by Shanshan Gao, Weixue Li, Jianfeng Dai, Qing Wang, Zhongqiang Suo

“…Some bands change regularly with the increase of atomic number. All systems become degraded semiconductors after doping. …”
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Green hydrogen as an environmentally-friendly power source by Bogdan Adrian NICOLIN, Ilie NICOLIN

“…Hydrogen has the symbol H and the atomic number 1. It is placed in the first position in Mendeleev's periodic table of elements, in the upper left corner. …”
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SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSIS IN ELECTRONIC TEMPERATURE OF PHOTOIONISE PLASMAS by A. K. Ferouani, M. K. Inal

“…<p>In this work, we are interested in the diagnostics in electronic temperature of a plasma purely photoionized, based on the intensity ration of lines emitted by ions helium-like, which have an atomic number <em>Z </em>relatively small. We considered the three lines corresponding to the transitions starting from the excited levels 1s<em>2l</em> towards the fundamental level 1s^{2 1}S₀, like appropriate lines. …”
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MHD Radiative Blood Flow Embracing Gold Particles via a Slippery Sheet through an Erratic Heat Sink/Source by Umair Khan, Anum Shafiq, Aurang Zaib, El-Sayed M. Sherif, Dumitru Baleanu

“…The latest findings have found that gold nanomaterials can heal and conquer it because the material is studied such as gold (atomic number 79) which produces a large amount of heat and contribute to the therapy of malignant tumors. …”
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Effect of B₂O₃ on the Radiation Shielding Performance of Telluride Lead Glass System by Shiyu Yin, Hao Wang, Shifeng Wang, Jing Zhang, Yuanzhi Zhu

“…The gamma shielding ability of the glass was evaluated using its mass decay coefficient (μ_m), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) and effective atomic number (Z_eff). The neutron shielding ability of the glass was evaluated by calculating the fast neutron removal cross-section (RCS) value. …”
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Studies on the Crystal Growth and Characterization of Large Size Sr:LCB Single Crystals by Xuliang Zhang, Yue Li, Fangli Jing, Zhanggui Hu, Yicheng Wu

“…The doping of ions with a large atomic number is believed to be an effective way to realize a shorter SHG output wavelength. …”
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Simulation of energy spectrum characteristics of planar CdZnTe detector by ZHU Weifeng, WU Jinjie, TANG Xianqiang, ZHAO Rui, LU Pingzhou, QU Bingbing, LI Mengyu, QIN Feng

“…BackgroundA CdZnTe (CZT) detector is a compound semiconductor detector with a high atomic number and high detection efficiency, it can be used at room temperatures to detect short wavelength radiation such as X-ray and γ ray.PurposeThis study aims to investigate the factors affecting the energy spectrum characteristics of the CZT detector.MethodsThe geometric model of the detector was established by using Geant4 software, and the intrinsic detection efficiency and absorption rate of CZT crystal in the planar size of 10 cm×10 cm were simulated. …”
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