Renal clearable BiOI nanodots with M1 macrophage membrane coating for enhanced radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma by Quanxiao Li, Wenzhe Fan, Yunyan Ling, Jie Wen, Jiaping Li, Zhenwei Peng, Meng Jin

“…Herein, we rationally synthesized BiOI nanodots coated with M1 macrophage membrane (BiOI@M) by utilizing their coordination interaction. With two high-atomic-number elements and ultrasmall size, the prepared BiOI nanodots not only enhanced radiosensitivity by reactive oxygen species under X-ray irradiation in vitro, but also could be excreted quickly by kidneys. …”
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Dual X-ray- and Neutron-Shielding Properties of Gd₂O₃/NR Composites with Autonomous Self-Healing Capabilities by Worawat Poltabtim, Arkarapol Thumwong, Ekachai Wimolmala, Chanis Rattanapongs, Shinji Tokonami, Tetsuo Ishikawa, Kiadtisak Saenboonruang

“…Gd₂O₃ was selected as a radiation protective filler in this work due to its preferable properties of having relatively high neutron absorption cross-section (σ_abs), atomic number (Z), and density (ρ) that could potentially enhance interaction probabilities with incident radiation. …”
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A Comparative Assessment of Mechanisms and Effectiveness of Radiosensitization by Titanium Peroxide and Gold Nanoparticles by Mennaallah Hassan, Masao Nakayama, Mohammed Salah, Hiroaki Akasaka, Hikaru Kubota, Makiko Nakahana, Tatsuichiro Tagawa, Kenta Morita, Ai Nakaoka, Takeaki Ishihara, Daisuke Miyawaki, Kenji Yoshida, Yuya Nishimura, Chiaki Ogino, Ryohei Sasaki

“…Herein, we evaluated the mechanism of radiosensitization by PAA-TiOxNPs in comparison with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) which represent high-atomic-number nanoparticles that show a radiosensitizing effect through the emission of secondary electrons. …”
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Lead-free bismuth glass system towards eco-friendly radiation shielding applications by Jamila S. Alzahrani, Chahkrit Sriwunkum, Barış Tamer Tonguc, Miysoon A. Alothman, I.O. Olarinoye, M.S. Al-Buriahi

“…The HVL of the glasses varied from 0.011–2.56 cm, 0.019–3.69 cm, 0.017–3.31 cm, and 0.017–3.36 cm for B/V-ZBVSA1 – B/V-ZBVSA4, respectively The effective atomic number varied within the limits: 28.36–76.06, 19.67–67.91, 22.14–68.70, and 22.39–68.08 for BV-ZBVSA1 – BV-ZBVSA4, respectively. …”
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Mechanical and Gamma-Ray Interaction Studies of PbO–MoO₃–Li₂O–B₂O₃ Glass System for Shielding Applications in The Low Energy Region: A T... by Aljawhara H. Almuqrin, M. I. Sayyed, Badriah Albarzan, Abigaile Mia V. Javier-Hila, Norah Alwadai, Ashok Kumar

“…Additionally, the rate of the increment of MAC at 20 keV as the concentration of PbO increased was higher than that at 40, 60 and 80 keV. The effective atomic number (EAN) was determined using Phy-X program. …”
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Mechanical properties, elastic moduli, transmission factors, and gamma-ray-shielding performances of Bi2O3–P2O5–B2O3–V2O5 quaternary glass system by Tekin Huseyin Ozan, ALMisned Ghada, Rammah Yasser Saad, Susoy Gulfem, Ali Fatema T., Sen Baykal Duygu, Zakaly Hesham M. H., Issa Shams A. M., Ene Antoaneta

“…Half- and tenth-value layers (HVL and TVL, respectively) follow the trend: (HVL, TVL)S1 > (HVL, TVL)S2 > (HVL, TVL)S3 > (HVL, TVL)S4. The effective atomic number (Z eff) of investigated glasses has the same trend as of linear and mass attenuation coefficients. …”
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Geometric Signatures as Important Factors to Control the Photo-Stabilities of the Phosphorescent Pd(II)/Pt(II) Complexes: A Case Study by Yafei Luo, Lingkai Tang, Zhongzhu Chen, Zhigang Xu, Yanan An, Mingyao Li, Jianping Hu, Dianyong Tang

“…It seems that the strengths of coordinate bonds are closely related to the atomic number of the metal center in the same group, which could be attributed to the various electron configurations. …”
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Design and GLADIS testing of a liquid tin divertor module prior to exposure in ASDEX Upgrade by J.G.A. Scholte, M. Balden, B. Böswirth, S. Elgeti, H. Greuner, A. Herrmann, K. Hunger, K. Krieger, P. Leitenstern, A. Manhard, R. Neu, R.C. van Schaik, V. Rohde, I. Zammuto, T.W. Morgan

“…However, the high atomic number of tin (Sn) limits its acceptable fraction in the main plasma. …”
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Investigation of the gamma photon shielding in Se–Te–Ag chalcogenide glasses using the Phy-X/PSD software by Fatemah. H. Alkallas, Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi, Samira Elaissi, Tahani A. Alrebdi, Lamia Abu El Maati, Fatma. B. M. Ahmed, M. M. Mahasen, M. Ahmad, M. M. Soraya

“…The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), effective atomic number (Zeff), effective electron density (Neff), half-value layer (HVL), tenth-value layer (TVL), mean free path (MFP), energy absorption buildup factor (EABF), and exposure buildup factor (EBF) in the photon energy range of 0.15–15 MeV. …”
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Thermoluminescent composites of sintered synthetic-topaz/in situ corundum for dosimetry by a novel reversible process by S.A. Sinclair, M.I. Pech-Canul, M.C. Acosta-Enríquez, R. Meléndrez Amavizca, Alejandro Sala Crist, J. Marcazzó

“…The topaz/corundum composite with the best TL response (975 °C, 0 min) presents an effective atomic number (Zeff) of 11.74. The detection of lower doses (mGy) and the linear response at higher doses (Gy) of beta 90Sr, together with the other thermoluminescent properties, suggest that the topaz/corundum composites sintered at 975° for 0 min dwell time may find application in radiotherapy, geological dating, and environmental dosimetry.…”
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Advancing Differentiation of Hepatic Metastases in Malignant Melanoma through Dual-Energy Computed Tomography Rho/Z Maps by Ibrahim Yel, Vitali Koch, Leon D. Gruenewald, Scherwin Mahmoudi, Leona S. Alizadeh, Aynur Goekduman, Katrin Eichler, Thomas J. Vogl, Mirela Dimitrova, Christian Booz

“…For this study, we measured Rho (electron density) and Z (effective atomic number) values as well as Hounsfield units (HUs) in hypodense liver lesions. …”
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Mechanic-elastic properties and radiation attenuation efficiency of TeO2/WO3/K2O composite glass systems for nuclear and medical application by Norah A.M. Alsaif, Z.Y. Khattari, Hesham M.H. Zakaly, Y.S. Rammah, Antoaneta Ene, M.S. Al-Buriahi

“…The maximum values of effective atomic number (EAN) took place at gamma energy of 15 keV corresponding to 44.35, 48.86, 52.63, 55.83, and 58.58 for TKW-0, TKW-5, TKW-10, TKW-15, and TKW-20, respectively. …”
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Feasibility of using carbon doped aluminium oxide co-doped with magnesium as a thermoluminescence dosimeter by Awang, Ainun Jariah

“…The measured effective atomic number, Zeff of sample C2MG2 is 11.14 and can be considered as bone-equivalence material. …”
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The value of dual-energy spectral CT in differentiating solitary pulmonary tuberculosis and solitary lung adenocarcinoma by Guojin Zhang, Guojin Zhang, Shenglin Li, Ke Yang, Ke Yang, Lan Shang, Lan Shang, Feng Zhang, Feng Zhang, Zixin Huang, Zixin Huang, Jialiang Ren, Zhuoli Zhang, Junlin Zhou, Hong Pu, Hong Pu, Qiong Man, Weifang Kong, Weifang Kong

“…Spectral CT parameters include CT40keV value, CT70keV value, iodine concentration (IC), water concentration (WC), effective atomic number (Zeff), and spectral curve slope (λ70keV). …”
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Physical Features of High-Density Barium–Tungstate–Phosphate (BTP) Glasses: Elastic Moduli, and Gamma Transmission Factors by Hesham M. H. Zakaly, Huseyin O. Tekin, Yasser S. Rammah, Shams A. M. Issa, Ali Hamed Alomari, Fatema T. Ali, Duygu Sen Baykal, Wiam Elshami, D. E. Abulyazied, Ghada ALMisned, A. M. A. Mostafa, Antoaneta Ene

“…Moreover, the 20BaO-40WO₃-40P₂O₅ sample had the lowest values of half (HVL) and tenth (TVL) layers, i.e., (half, tenth)_S4 < (half, tenth)_S3 < (half, tenth)_S2 < (half, tenth)_S1. The effective atomic number (Z_eff) of the studied glasses has the same behavior as µ and µm. …”
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Lanthanide Contraction in <i>Ln</i>F₃ (<i>Ln</i> = Ce-Lu) and Its Chemical and Structural Consequences: Part 1: Location of YF₃ in the <i>Ln</i>F₃... by Boris P. Sobolev, Elena A. Sulyanova

“…V_form (at <b><i>P</i></b>_st and <b><i>T</i></b>_st) with “<i>pseudo</i>” <i>atomic number</i> <b>Z</b>_Y = 67.42 was calculated from the unit cell parameters, which were defined with ±5 × 10⁻⁴ Å accuracy. …”
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Micro gadolinium oxide dispersed flexible composites developed for the shielding of thermal neutron/gamma rays by Boyu Wang, Xiaolin Guo, Lin Yuan, Qinglong Fang, Xiaojuan Wang, Tianyi Qiu, Caifeng Lai, Qi Wang, Yang Liu

“…The transmittance T, mass/linear attenuation coefficient μm and μ, HVL and effective atomic number Zeff for the shielding of γ rays (39 keV, 59 keV and 122 keV) are measured and calculated with XCOM as well as MCX programs. …”
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Lanthanide Contraction in <i>Ln</i>F₃ (<i>Ln</i> = Ce-Lu) and Its Chemical and Structural Consequences: Part 2: Specialized Empirical System of <i>R</i>³⁺ (<i... by Boris P. Sobolev, Elena A. Sulyanova

“…A <i>specialized empirical</i> (<i><b>Spec-zd Emp</b></i>) <i>system of ionic radii</i> (<b>SIR</b>) for <i><b>R</b></i> = Y³⁺, La³⁺, <i>Ln</i>³⁺, and F¹⁻ (<i>R</i> rare earth elements (<b>REE</b>)) was derived from the dependence of <i>lanthanide contraction</i> (<b>LC</b>) on the <i>atomic number</i> (<b>Z</b>) of <i>lanthanides</i> (<i><b>Ln</b></i>). …”
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Immediate effects of acute Mars mission equivalent doses of SEP and GCR radiation on the murine gastrointestinal system-protective effects of curcumin-loaded nanolipoprotein partic... by Jonathan Diaz, Bradford M. Kuhlman, Nicholas P. Edenhoffer, Angela C. Evans, Angela C. Evans, Kelly A. Martin, Peter Guida, Adam Rusek, Anthony Atala, Matthew A. Coleman, Matthew A. Coleman, Paul F. Wilson, Paul F. Wilson, Graça Almeida-Porada, Christopher D. Porada

“…Introduction: Missions beyond low Earth orbit (LEO) will expose astronauts to ionizing radiation (IR) in the form of solar energetic particles (SEP) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) including high atomic number and energy (HZE) nuclei. The gastrointestinal (GI) system is documented to be highly radiosensitive with even relatively low dose IR exposures capable of inducing mucosal lesions and disrupting epithelial barrier function. …”
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Effect of Nd3+ ions on radiation attenuation properties of PbF2–TeO2–WO3 glass system for shielding applications by Mohammed Sultan Al-Buriahi, Sultan Alomairy, Chalermpon Mutuwong, Imed Boukhris, Oyeleke Ismail Olarinoye, Barıs Tamer Tonguç

“…The obtained results indicate that the values of Zeff and Neff were both highest in the in the τ/ρ dominated energies due to the atomic number dependence of the cross sections of the τ/ρ absorption processes. …”
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