Gamma, Fast Neutron, Proton, and Alpha Shielding Properties of Borate Glasses: A Closer Look on Lead (II) Oxide and Bismuth (III) Oxide Reinforcement by Ghada ALMisned, Huseyin O. Tekin, Esra Kavaz, Ghaida Bilal, Shams A.M. Issa, Hesham M.H. Zakaly, Antoaneta Ene

“…Following that, we looked at the half-value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, and build-up factors across a broad energy range (0.015–15 MeV). …”
Get full text

Ti-catalyzed HfSiO4 formation in HfTiO4 films on SiO2 studied by Z-contrast scanning electron microscopy by Elizabeth Ellen Hoppe, Massiel Cristina Cisneros-Morales, Carolyn Rubin Aita

“…Hafnon (HfSiO4) as it is initially formed in a partially demixed film of hafnium titanate (HfTiO4) on fused SiO2 is studied by atomic number (Z) contrast high resolution scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy and microscopy. …”
Get full text

Avaliação do conhecimento sobre periodicidade química em uma turma de química geral do ensino a distância by Miguel de Araújo Medeiros

“…Some 41% of students tested could define the term "periodic", but failed to use the concept to explain and differentiate changes in mass or atomic radius with the atomic number of elements.…”
Get full text

Quantitative Mass Density Image Reconstructed from the Complex X-Ray Refractive Index. by Taihei Mukaide, Atsuo Iida, Masatoshi Watanabe, Kazuhiro Takada, Takashi Noma

“…We demonstrate a new analytical X-ray computed tomography technique for visualizing and quantifying the mass density of materials comprised of low atomic number elements with unknown atomic ratios. The mass density was obtained from the experimentally observed ratio of the imaginary and real parts of the complex X-ray refractive index. …”
Get full text

Characterisation of thermally sprayed coatings by Ooi, Thian Ngan.

“…Sufficiently good elemental discrimination can be achieved because of the sensitivity of backscattered electrons (BE) to atomic number variations. Variations in the percentage of oxides. holes and phases as a result of different spraying conditions or powder characteristics are generally observable from the spatial profile of BE spectrum. …”
Get full text

Observation of metal nanoparticles at atomic resolution in Pt-based cancer chemotherapeutics by Sheader, A, Varambhia, A, Fleck, R, Flatters, S, Nellist, P

“…Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy using the annular dark-field imaging mode now routinely provides single-atom sensitivity with atomic number contrast. Here, this imaging mode is used to directly image the platinum within the two drugs in their dried form on an amorphous carbon support film. …”

Calculations of HREM image intensity using Monte Carlo integration. by Chang, L, Meyer, R, Kirkland, A

“…The accuracy of this approach is compared with calculations based on the transmission cross coefficient (TCC) for strong scattering objects, as a function of the number of sampling points, defocus, atomic number and specimen thickness. Its efficiency is compared with that of exact TCC calculations based on equally-spaced sampling of the beam divergence and focal spread distributions. …”

Gamma Ray Attenuation in Hevea Latex and its Application to DRC Measurement by Saion, Elias, Sin, Deou Seang, Abdul Sulaiman, Zainal, Ikhsan, Sabirin, Wagiran, Husin

“…Based on the behavior that the interaction of gamma ray with matter at a given energy depends upon the atomic number of the material, the present technique may be able .to detect adulterants in the latex, but investigations are needed to verify this.…”
Get full text

Elemental Variability of PM_2.5 Aerosols in Historical and Modern Areas of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia by Mohammed A. Amin, Dhaifallah R. Almalawi, Safaa S. M. Ali, Ali Badawi, Gaber A. M. Mersal, Johan Boman, Abdallah A. Shaltout

“…Quantitative elemental analyses of twenty-two (22) elements were achieved starting from the low atomic number element (Na) up to the high atomic number element (Pb). …”
Get full text

Features of Pinch Plasma, Electron, and Ion Beams That Originated in the AECS PF-1 Plasma Focus Device by Mohamad Akel, Sharif AL-Hawat, Muthanna Ahmad, Yamen Ballul, Soliman Shaaban

“…The experiments on AECSPF-1 were performed with three different gases—helium, nitrogen, and argon—for studying the effect of the atomic number on the properties of the generated beams. …”
Get full text

Novel slag/natural rubber composite as flexible material for protecting workers against radiation hazards by Ahmed M. El-Khatib, A. S. Doma, Mahmoud I. Abbas, Abd El-Hady B. Kashyout, Mohamed M. Zaki, Moamen Saleh, Mahmoud T. Alabsy

“…Furthermore, equivalent atomic number (Zeq) and the exposure buildup factor values for photon energy in the range from 0.015 to 15 MeV were also computed by Geometric Progression method. …”
Get full text

دراسة تحليلية وتجريبية للمقطع العرضي التفاضلي لتبعثر رذرفورد by جبور جبور, جهاد ملحم, هلا سعيد

“…It always has been measuring the differential cross section resulting from this scattering, and experimentally determining the atomic number of Gold and Aluminum.  Comparison between experimental and theoretical results shows a good agreement.   …”
Get full text

Single Crystal Diffuse Neutron Scattering by Richard Welberry, Ross Whitfield

“…Although neutron sources will never be able to compete with X-rays in terms of the available flux the special properties of neutrons, viz. the ability to explore inelastic scattering events, the fact that scattering lengths do not vary systematically with atomic number and their ability to scatter from magnetic moments, provides strong motivation for developing neutron diffuse scattering methods. …”
Get full text

Calculation of thermodynamic corrections from electronic exchange effects in Thomas–Fermi model employed for hot dense plasma by H Hosseinkhani, A H Esmailian Araghi

“…Then, employing the results of these equations, the amount of exchange corrections for pressure and internal energy of the plasma (electron gas with specific atomic number) has been calculated based on variation of  plasma density and temperature. …”
Get full text

Thermodynamic description of phase equilibrium in systems MCl₅–M^’Cl₅, (M = Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Re) and MCl₃–M^’Cl₃, (M =... by A. V. Galantsev, D. V. Drobot, L. V. Yanshina

“…The dependence of the possibility of forming solid solutions in LnCl3-Ln'Cl3 on the atomic number of a lanthanide was found.…”
Get full text

Engineering nanoparticles to reprogram radiotherapy and immunotherapy: recent advances and future challenges by Jing Jin, Qijie Zhao

“…The principle of NPs radio-enhancement is to use high-atomic number NPs (e.g. gold, hafnium, bismuth and gadolinium) or deliver radiosensitizing substances, such as cisplatin and selenium. …”
Get full text

Fast evaluation of multi-hadron correlation functions by Vachaspati, Pranjal, Detmold, William

“…Calculating the values of nuclear correlation functions is computationally intensive due to the fact that the number of terms in a nuclear wave function scales exponentially with atomic number. To speed up this computation, we represent a correlation function as a sum of the determinants of many small matrices, and exploit similarities between the matrices to speed up the calculations of those determinants.…”
Get full text

Study of gamma rays from neutron inelastic scattering by Hui, Bertram Ho Wai, Rasmussen, Norman C.

Get full text

FIELD-EMISSION SEM IMAGING OF COMPOSITIONAL AND DOPING LAYER SEMICONDUCTOR SUPERLATTICES by Perovic, D, Castell, M, Howie, A, Lavoie, C, Tiedje, T, Cole, J

“…Secondary and backscattered electron images reveal strong atomic number contrast which is primarily structural in origin. …”

The structure of 1D CuI crystals inside SWNTs. by Kiselev, N, Zakalyukin, R, Zhigalina, O, Grobert, N, Kumskov, A, Grigoriev, Y, Chernysheva, M, Eliseev, A, Krestinin, A, Tretyakov, Y, Freitag, B, Hutchison, J

“…According to the proposed models and image simulations, the main contrast in the 1D crystal images arises from the iodine atoms whereas copper atoms, with lower atomic number giving lower contrast, are thought to be statistically distributed.…”