Ciliary and Flagellar Membrane Vesicle (Ectosome) Purification by William Dentler

“…Once released, they can be purified from axonemes by differential centrifugation.Each of these methods may enrich for different populations of axonemal and membrane proteins and lipids. …”
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Patients with MMAF induced by novel biallelic CFAP43 mutations have good fertility outcomes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection by Jing Ma, Shun-Hua Long, Hai-Bing Yu, Ye-Zhou Xiang, Xiang-Rong Tang, Jia-Xun Li, Wei-Wei Liu, Wei Han, Rong Jin, Guo-Ning Huang, Ting-Ting Lin

“…Papanicolaou staining, immunofluorescence, and electronic microscopy further clarified the semen characteristics and abnormal sperm morphologies, including disorganized axonemal and peri-axonemal structures, of the CFAP43-deficient men. …”
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The effect of Dnaaf5 gene dosage on primary ciliary dyskinesia phenotypes by Amjad Horani, Deepesh Kumar Gupta, Jian Xu, Huihui Xu, Lis del Carmen Puga-Molina, Celia M. Santi, Sruthi Ramagiri, Steven K. Brennan, Jiehong Pan, Jeffrey R. Koenitzer, Tao Huang, Rachael M. Hyland, Sean P. Gunsten, Shin-Cheng Tzeng, Jennifer M. Strahle, Pleasantine Mill, Moe R. Mahjoub, Susan K. Dutcher, Steven L. Brody

“…Proteomic analysis of isolated airway cilia from mutant mice revealed reduction in some axonemal regulatory and structural proteins not previously reported in DNAAF5 variants. …”
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Loss of Axdnd1 causes sterility due to impaired spermatid differentiation in mice by Yuki Hiradate, Ryua Harima, Rin Yanai, Kenshiro Hara, Kazue Nagasawa, Makoto Osada, Tomoe Kobayashi, Makoto Matsuyama, Shin‐ichiro Kanno, Akira Yasui, Kentaro Tanemura

“…Here, we focused on the gene axonemal dynein light chain domain containing 1 (Axdnd1) with the aim to determine the function of its protein product AXDND1. …”
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N6‐Methyladenosine Regulates Cilia Elongation in Cancer Cells by Modulating HDAC6 Expression by Yalan Rui, Haisheng Zhang, Kangning Yu, Shiyao Qiao, Chenglin Gao, Xiansong Wang, Weifeng Yang, Gholamreza Asadikaram, Zigang Li, Kun Zhang, Jianxin Peng, Jiexin Li, Junming He, Hongsheng Wang

“…Here, the results show that m6A methyltransferase METTL3 regulates cilia length in cancer cells via HDAC6‐dependent deacetylation of axonemal α‐tubulin, thereby controlling cancer development. …”
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Expression of α-Tubulin Acetyltransferase 1 and Tubulin Acetylation as Selective Forces in Cell Competition by Amir Mohammad Rahimi, Mingfang Cai, Irem Kılıҫ, Zahra Basir Kazerouni, Constanza Tapia Contreras, Sigrid Hoyer-Fender

“…The wound healing response of fibroblasts critically depends on the primary cilium, a sensory organelle protruding into the environment and comprising a stable axonemal structure. A characteristic marker for primary cilia is acetylation of axonemal tubulin. …”
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Novel variants in DNAH6 cause male infertility associated with multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF) and ICSI outcomes by Zhong-Mei Shao, Yu-Tong Zhu, Meng Gu, Sen-Chao Guo, Hui Yu, Kuo-Kuo Li, Dong-Dong Tang, Yu-Ping Xu, Ming-Rong Lv

“…Variations in the dynein axonemal heavy chain gene, dynein axonemal heavy chain 6 (DNAH6), lead to multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella. …”
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Strongly Truncated Dnaaf4 Plays a Conserved Role in Drosophila Ciliary Dynein Assembly as Part of an R2TP-Like Co-Chaperone Complex With Dnaaf6 by Jennifer Lennon, Petra zur Lage, Alex von Kriegsheim, Andrew P. Jarman

“…Axonemal dynein motors are large multi-subunit complexes that drive ciliary movement. …”
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The CPEB protein Orb2 has multiple functions during spermatogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. by Shuwa Xu, Nathaniel Hafer, Blessing Agunwamba, Paul Schedl

“…The differentiation defects in orb2 mutants include abnormal elongation of the spermatid flagellar axonemes, a failure in individualization and improper post-meiotic gene expression. …”
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Somatic mutation of DNAH genes implicated higher chemotherapy response rate in gastric adenocarcinoma patients by Chunchao Zhu, Qin Yang, Jia Xu, Wenyi Zhao, Zizhen Zhang, Danhua Xu, Yeqian Zhang, Enhao Zhao, Gang Zhao

“…Abstract Background The dynein axonemal heavy chain (DNAH) family of genes encode the dynein axonemal heavy chain, which is involved in cell motility. …”
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Coding Variants Coupled With Rapid Modeling in Zebrafish Implicate Dynein Genes, dnaaf1 and zmynd10, as Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Candidate Genes by Yunjia Wang, Yunjia Wang, Yunjia Wang, Zhenhao Liu, Zhenhao Liu, Guanteng Yang, Guanteng Yang, Qile Gao, Qile Gao, Lige Xiao, Lige Xiao, Jiong Li, Jiong Li, Chaofeng Guo, Chaofeng Guo, Benjamin R. Troutwine, Ryan S. Gray, Lu Xie, Hongqi Zhang, Hongqi Zhang

“…Two candidate gene families, axonemal dynein and axonemal dynein assembly factors, were retained for their associations with ciliary architecture and function. …”
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Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis in Didymocystis wedli Ariola, 1902 (Didymozoidae, Digenea) by MC Pamplona-Basilio, MFD Baptista-Farias, A Kohn

“…The mature spermatozoa of D. wedli were filiform, presenting nucleus, mitochondrion and two 9+1 axonemes, with a biflagellate distal extremity.…”
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Plasmodium berghei Kinesin-5 Associates With the Spindle Apparatus During Cell Division and Is Important for Efficient Production of Infectious Sporozoites by Mohammad Zeeshan, Declan Brady, Rebecca R. Stanway, Carolyn A. Moores, Anthony A. Holder, Rita Tewari

“…Dual-color live-cell imaging showed that kinesin-5 is closely associated with NDC80 during male gametogony, but not with kinesin-8B, a marker of the basal body and axonemes of the forming flagella. Treatment of gametocytes with microtubule-specific inhibitors confirmed kinesin-5 association with nuclear spindles and not cytoplasmic axonemal microtubules. …”
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Ultrastructural aspects of spermatogonesis in Metamicrocotyla macracantha (Alexander, 1954) Koratha, 1955 (Monogenea; Microcotylidae) by Maria de Fatima Diniz Baptista Farias, Anna Kohn, Ortrud Monika Barth

“…Cross sections of the head and the middle region of mature spermatozoa show the nucleus with strong condensed chromatin, the mitochondria with short cristae, peripheral microtubules and two axonemes with a 9+1 pattern, confirming the characteristics of this genus.…”
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Generation of two human induced pluripotent stem cell lines (MHHi017-A, MHHi017-B) from a patient with primary ciliary dyskinesia carrying a homozygous mutation (c.7915C > T [p.Arg... by Nora Drick, Julia Dahlmann, Anais Sahabian, Alexandra Haase, Gudrun Göhring, Nico Lachmann, Felix C. Ringshausen, Tobias Welte, Ulrich Martin, Ruth Olmer

“…Dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 (DNAH5) is part of a microtubule-associated protein complex found within the cilia of the lung. …”
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Ultrastructure of the Spermiogenesis in <i>Halyomorpha halys</i> (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae): X-Irradiation and New Insights on the Centriolar Region Organization by Francesco Paoli, Massimo Cristofaro, Gerardo Roselli, Raffaele Sasso, Sergio Musmeci, Francesco Barbieri, Chiara Sciandra, Valentina Vanoni, Loris Menegotti, Pio Federico Roversi, Gianfranco Anfora, David Mercati, Romano Dallai

“…However, irradiated cysts sometimes exhibited a general disorganization of sperm arrangement, incomplete divisions of sperm cells resulting in multiple copies of the same organelle within the same cell, failure to reabsorb the cytoplasm, and the lack of axonemes. Finally, rod-shaped viruses or virus-like particles were observed in vasa deferentia independently of irradiation.…”
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A comparative study of the ultrastructural characteristics of the mature spermatozoa of two fellodistomids Tergestia clonacantha and T. laticollis and contribution to the phylogene... by Ndiaye Papa Ibnou, Marchand Bernard, Bâ Cheikh Tidiane, Justine Jean-Lou, Bray Rodney Alan, Quilichini Yann

“…The spermatozoa of the two species exhibit the general pattern described in most digeneans, namely two axonemes with the 9 + “1” pattern of the Trepaxonemata, nucleus, mitochondrion, cortical microtubules, an external ornamentation of the plasma membrane, spine-like bodies and granules of glycogen. …”
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Ultrastructure of spermatogenesis and sperm development in Saccocoelioides godoyi Kohn & Froes, 1986 (Digenea, Haploporidae) by MFD Baptista-Farias, A Kohn, SC Cohen

“…The spermatozoa of S. godoyi are elongate, similar to the pattern described for other Digenea, showing nuclei, mitochondria and two axonemes with the 9+1 configuration. The peripheral cortical microtubules on the dorsal and ventral faces are laterally interrupted.…”
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Rare variants in dynein heavy chain genes in two individuals with situs inversus and developmental dyslexia: a case report by Andrea Bieder, Elisabet Einarsdottir, Hans Matsson, Harriet E. Nilsson, Jesper Eisfeldt, Anca Dragomir, Martin Paucar, Tobias Granberg, Tie-Qiang Li, Anna Lindstrand, Juha Kere, Isabel Tapia-Páez

“…We identified two rare nonsynonymous variants in the dynein axonemal heavy chain 5 gene (DNAH5): a previously reported variant c.7502G > C; p.…”
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The paraflagellar rod of kinetoplastid parasites: from structure to components and function. by Portman, N, Gull, K

“…In addition to this diversity of function the core structure of the flagellum, which has been inherited from the earliest ancestor of all eukaryotes, is embellished with a range of extra-axonemal structures in many organisms. One of the best studied of these structures is the paraflagellar rod of kinetoplastid protozoa in which the morphological characteristics have been well defined and some of the major protein constituents have been identified. …”