The relationship between cancer and medication exposure in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a nested case-control study by Jinyan Guo, Zhigang Ren, Jianhao Li, Tianfang Li, Shengyun Liu, Zujiang Yu

“…Systemic glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), methotrexate, and azathioprine were considered the main medication indices. …”
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Efficacy and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on immunosuppressive and biological therapy: Prospective observational study. by Martin Wasserbauer, Stepan Hlava, Milan Trojanek, Jan Stovicek, Tomas Milota, Jiri Drabek, Petra Koptová, Andrea Cupkova, Dita Pichlerová, Barbora Kucerova, Stepan Coufal, Radan Keil

“…The geometric means were 676.5.7 U/ml in the biological therapy group, 614.4 U/ml in the azathioprine group and 500.1 U/ml in the combination therapy group of patients four weeks after 2nd dose. …”
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Comparison Effect of Prescription Drugs on the Occurrence and the Number of Attacks in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis by Marjan Jamalian, Vahid Shaygannejad, Soleiman Kheiri, Morteza Sedehi, Omid Mirmosayyeb

“…In women, fingolimod drugs, glatiramer acetate, and azathioprine had less effect on the number of attacks, respectively. …”
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Transdermal liposomes for treatment of atopic dermatitis by Ong, Amanda Jiamin

“…Current treatment methods include the use of systematic immunosuppressant, Cyclosporine and Azathioprine. In recent studies, Methotrexate (MTX) has shown to be a potential treatment of eczema. …”
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Sustained remission of severe resistant autoimmune neutropenia with Campath-1H. by Killick, S, Marsh, J, Hale, G, Waldmann, H, Kelly, S, Gordon-Smith, E

“…We report the course of a patient with severe autoimmune neutropenia in whom only transient responses occurred with corticosteroids, antilymphocyte globulin and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and who was resistant to treatment with azathioprine, cyclosporin and intravenous immunoglobulin. …”

The management of primary sclerosing cholangitis. by Mitchell, SA, Chapman, R

“…Although the role of cupruretics, immunosuppressants (corticosteroids, azathioprine, tacrolimus, methotrexate), antifibrogenic agents, and ursodeoxycholic acid in the treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis is reviewed, none of these agents has been shown to retard or reverse the rate of disease progression. …”

Livedoid Vasculitis in a Patient With Sjogren Syndrome Successfully Treated With Methotrexate by Abdulkarim Yousef Aldehaim, Abdurhman Saud Alarfaj

“…Case Description: We present a case of a 66-year-old female with Sjogren syndrome cutaneous vasculitis in whom combination treatment with Rituximab and Azathioprine failed to show a favorable response. However, methotrexate proved to be an excellent alternative. …”
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Collaborative United Kingdom-Australasian study of cancer in patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs. by Kinlen, L, Sheil, A, Peto, J, Doll, R

“…A collaborative study including centres in the United Kingdom, Australia, and New Zealand was instituted in 1970 to determine the incidence of cancer in patients treated for at least three months with azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, or chlorambucil. Follow-up of 3823 renal transplant recipients showed an almost 60-fold increase of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma together with an excess of squamous-cell skin cancer and mesenchymal tumours. …”

Gout in pediatric renal transplant recipients. by Trück, J, Laube, G, von Vigier, R, Goetschel, P

“…To prevent severe bone marrow depletion, the dosage of azathioprine, an immunosupressant drug, was reduced by 50% to prevent interaction with allopurinol. …”

A review article of inflammatory bowel disease treatment and pharmacogenomics by Nashwa Eltantawy, Islam Abd El-Hamid El-Zayyadi, Ahmed A. Elberry, Layla M. Salah, Mohamed E. A. Abdelrahim, Amira B. Kassem

“…This review aims to summarize the pharmacogenetics of biologics approved for IBD and the correlation with azathioprine-metabolizing enzymes and adverse reactions, therefore highlighting a likely relationship between particular polymorphisms and therapeutic response. …”
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Group I pharmaceuticals of IARC and associated cancer risks: systematic review and meta-analysis by Woojin Lim, Sungji Moon, Na Rae Lee, Ho Gyun Shin, Su-Yeon Yu, Jung Eun Lee, Inah Kim, Kwang-Pil Ko, Sue K. Park

“…Cyclosporine and azathioprine reported increased skin cancer risk (SRR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.62; SRR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.25–1.93) compared to non-use. …”
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Prognostic factors for liver, blood and kidney adverse events from glucocorticoid sparing immune-suppressing drugs in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a prognostic systematic... by Abhishek Abhishek, Danielle van der Windt, Christopher Carroll, Matthew J Grainge, Richard Riley, Joanna Leaviss, Munira Essat, Tim Card

“…High-quality evidence of the following associations was identified: elevated liver enzymes (6 studies) and folate non-supplementation (3 studies) are prognostic factors for hepatotoxicity in those treated with methotrexate; that mercaptopurine (vs azathioprine) (3 studies) was a prognostic factor for hepatotoxicity in those treated with thiopurines; that mercaptopurine (vs azathioprine) (3 studies) and poor-metaboliser status (4 studies) were prognostic factors for cytopenia in those treated with thiopurines; and that baseline elevated liver enzymes (3 studies) are a prognostic factor for hepatotoxicity in those treated with anti-tumour necrosis factors. …”
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Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on prescription refills for immune-mediated inflammatory disorders: a time series analysis (January 2019 to January 2021) using the English Prescrib... by Ravina Barrett, David Culliford, Christopher John Edwards, Simon Fraser, Sharon X Lin, Rob Barrett

“…Objective To investigate monthly prescription refills for common immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory therapy (sulfasalazine, hydroxychloroquine, azathioprine, methotrexate, leflunomide) prescriptions in England during the complete first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. …”
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CLASSICAL SEROLOGICAL MARKERS IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN BRAZIL by Maraci RODRIGUES, Cleonice BUENO, Elizete Aparecida LOMAZI, Maria Inez Machado FERNANDES, Clarice Blaj NEUFELD, Maria Fernanda Marranghello D’AMICO, Fátima Regina De Almeida PATIÑO

“…The proportion of patients testing positive for ASCA IgA (76.2%) and ASCA IgG (94.4%) markers was also significantly higher in the CD group than in the control Group (P<0.001), and such positivity correlated significantly with the use of immunomodulatory medications such as azathioprine and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (azathioprine 38.9%, anti-TNF 55.6%; P=0.002). …”
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Assessment of the Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated With Glucocorticoid-Induced Diabetes Mellitus in Pemphigus Vulgaris Patients by Abbas Darjani, Nahid Nickhah, Mohammad Hassan Hedayati Emami, Narges Alizadeh, Rana Rafiei, Hojat Eftekhari, Kaveh Gharaei Nejad

“…Although the group who received azathioprine was associated with increased incidence of diabetes, the overall corticosteroid dose in this group was significantly higher than the other group (P=0.012), and controversy with other studies could be because of difference in corticosteroid dosage and small number of patients. …”
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Effect of tight control management on Crohn's disease (CALM): a multicentre, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. by Colombel, J, Panaccione, R, Bossuyt, P, Lukas, M, Baert, F, Vanasek, T, Danalioglu, A, Novacek, G, Armuzzi, A, Hébuterne, X, Travis, S, Danese, S, Reinisch, W, Sandborn, W, Rutgeerts, P, Hommes, D, Schreiber, S, Neimark, E, Huang, B, Zhou, Q, Mendez, P, Petersson, J, Wallace, K, Robinson, A, Thakkar, R, D'Haens, G

“…De-escalation was possible for adalimumab EW±azathioprine if failure criteria were not met. The primary endpoint of mucosal healing (CDEIS&lt;4) with absence of deep ulcers was assessed 48 weeks post-randomisation.…”

Risk factors for cancer in patients with primary biliary cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap syndrome by Michelle Harriz Braga, Guilherme Grossi Lopes Cançado, Paulo Lisboa Bittencourt, Cláudia Alves Couto, Laura Vilar Guedes, André Mourão Costa Lima, Maria Lucia Gomes Ferraz, Cristiane Alves Villela-Nogueira, Mateus Jorge Nardelli, Luciana Costa Faria, Nathalia Mota de Faria Gomes, Elze Maria Gomes Oliveira, Vivian Rotman, Maria Beatriz Oliveira, Simone Muniz Carvalho Fernandes da Cunha, Marlone Cunha-Silva, Liliana Sampaio Costa Mendes, Claudia Alexandra Pontes Ivantes, Liana Codes, Valéria Ferreira de Almeida e Borges, Fabio Heleno de Lima Pace, Mario Guimarães Pessoa, Izabelle Venturini Signorelli, Gabriela Perdomo Coral, João Galizzi Filho, Aline Lopes Chagas, Debora Raquel Benedita Terrabuio, Eduardo Luiz Rachid Cançado

“…Cirrhosis, obesity, prior azathioprine use, and concurrent autoimmune diseases were significantly associated with cancer in PBC.…”
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Clinical and Endoscopic Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Antibody Therapy in a Patient With Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome by Roham Salman Roghani, Joline De Castro, Adewale B. Ajumobi

“…The use of infliximab and azathioprine led to promising remission of his symptoms.…”
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Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis by Ja Kyung Kim

“…Glucocorticoids and azathioprine are the first line of treatment. Alternative first-line treatments include budesonide or mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). …”
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Cutaneous mucinosis in mixed connective tissue disease* by Maria Helena Sampaio Favarato, Sofia Silveira de Castro Miranda, Maria Teresa Correia Caleiro, Ana Paula Luppino Assad, Ilana Halpern, Ricardo Fuller

“…Both cases had skin lesions with no other clinical or laboratorial manifestations, with clinical response to azathioprine in one, and to an association of chloroquine and prednisone in the other.…”
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