Apresentação inicial de colite ulcerosa com manifestações extra-intestinais múltiplas. by M Raquel Marques, Susana Oliveira, J P Gorjão Clara

“…Full improvement of gastrointestinal complaints was observed with 5-ASA topic enemas, sulfassalazine, corticosteroids and azathioprine and full remission of ankylosing spondylitis with adalimumab. …”
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Autoimmune Limbic Encephalitis – literature review by Szymon Pokora, Karolina Pokora, Alicja Poloczek, Jakub Szczerba

“…Broad immunotherapy is used - intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, azathioprine, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, anti-epileptic drugs and plasmapheresis. …”
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Current management issues of immediate postoperative care in pediatric kidney transplantation by Fabio Cesar Miranda Torricelli, Andreia Watanabe, Elias David-Neto, William Carlos Nahas

“…The immunosuppressive regimen starts before or at the time of kidney transplantation and is usually based on induction with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies, depending on the immunological risk, and maintenance with a calcineurin inhibitor (tacrolimus or ciclosporin), an anti-proliferative agent (mycophenolate or azathioprine) and steroids.…”
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A Traditional Chinese Herb Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Induced Melanonychia by Jiang S, Xu J, Xiong X, Deng Y

“…In previous cases, a number of chemotherapeutic agents such as azathioprine, bleomycin sulfate, cyclophosphamide, hydroxyurea and methotrexate were usually linked to melanonychia. …”
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JAK Inhibitors as Potential Therapeutic Strategy for the Dilemma of Psoriasis Concurrent with Dermatomyositis in the SARS-CoV-2 Era by Xu Q, Xu N

“…Our search of the literature revealed 14 cases where various treatments were used, including methotrexate, corticosteroids, cyclosporin, ustekinumab, mycophenolate mofetil, and azathioprine. While methotrexate showed promise, it carries risks, and corticosteroids were used despite their potential to exacerbate psoriasis. …”
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Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report by Bikash Yadav, Dhiraj Chaurasia, Abhiyan Kharel, Krishna Dhungana

“…Methylprednisolone and Intravenous Immunoglobulin was started empirically and she was discharged in stable health with stabilised emotional and cognitive function with Azathioprine and Levetiracetam continued. Our findings suggested early diagnosis and prompt immunotherapy treatment beneficial for the outcome. …”
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Pembrolizumab Induced Sclerosing Cholangitis: Why You Need a Liver Biopsy by Ian Liang, Geoffrey Chu, Robert Zielinski

“…This patient was successfully treated with prednisone, azathioprine, and ursodeoxycholic acid. Clinicians should be aware that ICI sclerosing cholangitis is a rare hepatic complication of ICIs. …”
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Combined immunosuppressive treatment for giant cell myocarditis: a case report by Filippo Iebba, Vera Elena Bottari, Fiorella Di Sora, Maria Teresa Mallus, Rosa Maria Manfredi, Francesco Prati

“…In the present case report, the prescription of cyclosporine, azathioprine and prednisone resulted in a rapid and prolonged remission in support of the role of a combined immunosuppressive regimen in improving the long-term prognosis of this cardiac pathology. …”
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Current Treatment Approach, Emerging Therapies and New Horizons in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Panagiotis Athanassiou, Lambros Athanassiou

“…Conventional immunosuppressive therapy includes corticosteroids, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, cyclosporine and tacrolimus. However, despite conventional immunosuppressive treatment, flares occur and broad immunosuppression is accompanied by multiple side effects. …”
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Severe progression of autoimmune hepatitis in a young COVID-19 adult patient: A case report by Neeraj Kumar, Sushant Satyapriya, Shaik Mohammad Tahaseen, Kunal Singh, Abhyuday Kumar

“…Interventions: Intravenous furosemide, mannitol, syrup lactulose, steroids (prednisolone 40 mg), azathioprine 1 mg/kg body weight, rifaximin, vitamin K, and blood products. …”
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An Uncommon Ocular Finding in Behçet’s Disease: Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis by Orhan Ayar, Serpil Yazgan, Mehmet Orçun Akdemir, Metin Işık, Atilla Alpay, Suat Hayri Uğurbaş

“…Based on clinical findings and systemic research, the diagnosis of Behçet’s disease was established, and oral systemic azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, and prednisolone treatment was started. …”
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Sarcoidosis-associated pulmonary fibrosis: joining the dots by Debabrata Bandyopadhyay, Mehdi S. Mirsaeidi

“…Patients with SAPF are typically treated with corticosteroids, second-line agents such as methotrexate or azathioprine, or third-line agents such as tumour necrosis factor inhibitors. …”
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Review article: interactions between genotype and response to therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases. by Herrlinger, K, Jewell, D

“…RESULTS: Recent pharmacogenetic studies have mainly focussed on immunosuppressive agents including corticosteroids, azathioprine, methotrexate and infliximab. Several polymorphic genes encoding enzymes involved in the metabolism of these drugs have been identified including the inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase in thiopurine therapy, the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase in methotrexate therapy and polymorphisms in apoptosis genes in infliximab therapy. …”

Pilomotor seizures and status in non-paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. by Wieser, S, Kelemen, A, Barsi, P, Vincent, A, Borbely, C, Rasonyi, G, Mueller, S, Hess, K, Wieser, H, Halasz, P

“…His pilomotor status was pharmacoresistant to antiepileptic drugs, but responded to corticosteroid and azathioprine treatment. The MRI findings improved. The pilomotor seizures recurred when the immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued after 18 months. …”

Unique immunobullous disease in a child with a predominantly IgA response to three desmosomal proteins. by Gooptu, C, Mendelsohn, S, Amagai, M, Hashimoto, T, Nishikawa, T, Wojnarowska, F

“…Treatment with dapsone and sulphapyridine proved ineffective but methylprednisolone and azathioprine have reduced the blistering. We believe that this patient is unique for her combination of IgA and IgG antibodies to desmoplakin, desmocollin and desmoglein 3, although further studies may provide further clarification.…”

Optimisation of cyclophosphamide therapy in systemic vasculitis. by Richmond, R, McMillan, T, Luqmani, R

“…The general approach is more intense therapy (with intermittent high dose 'pulses' or lower dose continuous cyclophosphamide) in the initial phase of therapy to induce remission, followed by a less toxic therapy in the maintenance phase (either longer intervals between pulses or a switch to a less toxic drug, such as azathioprine). The pathogenetic mechanisms in vasculitis, which are becoming more precisely defined, are diverse, but cyclophosphamide remains the drug of choice. …”

How to manage the infectious risk under anti-TNF in inflammatory bowel disease. by Culver, E, Travis, S

“…It remains unclear whether the risk of infection from anti-TNF therapy is any different from conventional immunomodulators such as azathioprine or methotrexate, although it appears to be less than that ascribed to corticosteroids. …”

May Bacterial Infections Trigger Bullous Pemphigoid? Case Report and Review of Literature by Michela Ileen Biondo, Chiara Fiorentino, Severino Persechino, Antonella Tammaro, Angela Koverech, Armando Bartolazzi, Salvatore Raffa, Marco Canzoni, Andrea Picchianti-Diamanti, Roberta Di Rosa, Giovanni Di Zenzo, Enrico Scala, Giorgia Meneguzzi, Claudia Ferlito, Milica Markovic, Sara Caporuscio, Maria Laura Sorgi, Simonetta Salemi, Bruno Laganà

“…The patient had a complete clinical recovery in two months with methyl-prednisolone (40 then 20 mg/day) and low-dose azathioprine (50 mg/day) as a steroid-sparing agent. …”
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Network Proximity-based computational pipeline identifies drug candidates for different pathological stages of Alzheimer's disease by Qihui Wu, Shijie Su, Chuipu Cai, Lina Xu, Xiude Fan, Hanzhong Ke, Zhao Dai, Shuhuan Fang, Yue Zhuo, Qi Wang, Huafeng Pan, Yong Gu, Jiansong Fang

“…Experimental results showed that azathioprine decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and improved the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in APP-SH-SY5Y cells. …”
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Inhibition of DNA methylation attenuates lung ischemia–reperfusion injury after lung transplantation by Ming-yuan Liu, Ying-nan Ju, Bao-wei Jia, Xi-kun Sun, Lin Qiu, Heng-yu Liu, Guang-xiao Xu, Qi-hang Tai, Jing Tan, Wei Gao

“…Thirty-two rats were randomized into the sham, LIRI, azathioprine (AZA), and pluripotin (SC1) groups. The rats in the LIRI, AZA, and SC1 groups received left lung transplantation and intravenous injection of saline, AZA, and SC1, respectively. …”
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