Sulfasalazine-induced drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) coinfected with COVID-19 complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report by Mengmeng Li, Furong li, Yang Dai, Yunou Zhang Zeng, Xiaomei Chen

“…However, a significant improvement was observed upon the addition of etoposide and azathioprine. We hypothesize that excessive activation of the immune system and cytokine storm due to DRESS combined with COVID-19 infection led to more extensive systemic damage resulting in HLH development. …”
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Late-Onset Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder Mimicking a Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy–Case Report by Lech Sedlak, Marta Swierczynska, Dorota Wygledowska Promienska

“…High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone therapy followed by oral tapering was administered and oral azathioprine was started to reduce the risk of further relapse. …”
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Primary hepatic sarcoidosis presenting with cholestatic liver disease and mimicking primary biliary cholangitis: a case report by Young Joo Park, Hyun Young Woo, Moon Bum Kim, Jihyun Ahn, Jeong Heo

“…Two weeks later, he was started on azathioprine, and the dose of steroid was simultaneously reduced. …”
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Ocular Myasthenia Gravis: A Current Overview by Behbehani R

“…Other immunosuppressive therapies include antimetabolites (azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, methotrexate) and biological agents such as B-cell depleting agents (Rituximab) and complement inhibitors (eculizumab). …”
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Renal failure and pleural effusion; a diagnostic challenge by Sara Cardoso Fernandes, Joana Marques, Mário Pinto, Mário Góis, Helena Sousa, Fernando Nolasco

“…The patient was started on prednisolone followed by azathioprine with rapid improvement of lung disease. …”
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Clinical spectrum and outcomes of patients with anti-jo1 positive antisynthetase syndrome seen at a single tertiary care hospital in North India by Vikas Gupta, Anil Kumar Kashyap, Akashdeep Singh

“…While 12 patients improved with treatment with steroids and immunosuppressives (mycophenolate, azathioprine, or methotrexate), five patients died, four due to sepsis and one due to progressive lung disease. …”
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Acute Lymphocytic Myocarditis in a Young Male Post-COVID-19 by Mintje Bohné, Sebastian Bohnen, Stephan Willems, Karin Klingel, Dietmar Kivelitz, Edda Bahlmann

“…Immunosuppressive therapy with a steroid taper in combination with azathioprine 300 mg/day was initiated. The patient was equipped with a LifeVest®. …”
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Clinical experience in a pregnant woman with pemphigoid vulgaris by Surelys Peralta Santiesteban, Yamilka Pita Barrios, César Adrián Blanco-Gómez

“…A range of complementary tests were performed and a diagnosis of pemphigoid gestationalis vulgaris was made; treatment was started with prednisone, diphenhydramine, ciprofloxacin and clobetasol cream on the lesions, treatment was maintained until delivery, however, a new outbreak appeared, so azathioprine was added for 45 days with progressive decrease of prednisone, showing clinical improvement. …”
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Long-term Follow-up of Severe Eosinophilic Hepatitis: A Rare Presentation of Hypereosinophilic Syndrome by Halim Awadie, Johad Khoury, Yaniv Zohar, Afif Yaccob, Ella Veitsman, Tarek Saadi

“…He needed intensive immunosuppressive treatment at first with steroids, then with azathioprine in conjunction with a low dose of steroids. …”
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Longitudinal Evaluation of Cytopenias in the Renal Transplant Population by Aileen C. Johnson, MD, Geeta Karadkhele, MS, Wairimu Magua, PhD, MS, Payas Vasanth, MD, Christian P. Larsen, MD, PhD

“…High-risk cytomegalovirus status was also associated with development of leukopenia and anemia. Additionally, azathioprine was associated with development of anemia, and both tacrolimus therapy and Caucasian race were associated with thrombocytopenia. …”
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Prospective study of clinical characteristics and visual outcome in vogt–koyanagi–Harada syndrome in a tertiary eye hospital in South India by Saranya Balakrishnan, Chandrika Arunachalasamy, Uma Ramalingam

“…All patients (100%) were treated with oral and topical prednisolone, based on the ocular inflammation status, 9 patients (23.7%) required dexamethasone (intramuscular), 39 eyes (51.3%) required posterior subtenon triamcinolone, 16 patients (28.9%) required methotrexate, 1 (2.6%) required cyclophosphamide, 1 (2.6%) required azathioprine. At the final visit, the majority of the patients had statistically significant good visual outcomes. …”
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Overlay of autoimmune cholangitis and autoimmune hepatitis by KM Cervantes Espinoza, L Juárez Chávez, DG Ibarra Salazar

“…We started therapy with prednisone and azathioprine. Conclusions: Recognizing that AIH and IAC are diseases with high morbidity that progress to chronic liver damage with fibrosis and cirrhosis, their early identification would help in the establishment of timely and effective treatment. …”
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Favorable vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2–specific T cell response profile in patients undergoing immune-modifying therapies by Martin Qui, Nina Le Bert, Webber Pak Wo Chan, Malcolm Tan, Shou Kit Hang, Smrithi Hariharaputran, Jean Xiang Ying Sim, Jenny Guek Hong Low, Weiling Ng, Wei Yee Wan, Tiing Leong Ang, Antonio Bertoletti, Ennaliza Salazar

“…BACKGROUND Patients undergoing immune-modifying therapies demonstrate a reduced humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination, but we lack a proper evaluation of the effect of such therapies on vaccine-induced T cell responses.METHODS We longitudinally characterized humoral and spike-specific T cell responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), who were on antimetabolite therapy (azathioprine or methotrexate), TNF inhibitors, and/or other biologic treatment (anti-integrin or anti-p40) for up to 6 months after completing 2-dose COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.RESULTS We demonstrate that a spike-specific T cell response was not only induced in treated patients with IBD at levels similar to those of healthy individuals, but also sustained at higher magnitude for up to 6 months after vaccination, particularly in those treated with TNF inhibitor therapy. …”
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Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in a 13-year-old girl: A case report by Prajwol Pathak, Anil Pandey, Anu Gautam, Agrima Paudel, Muna Sharma, Sulav Neupane

“…After the diagnosis of CIDP, IV Methylprednisolone, and Azathioprine was given, which improved her symptoms. …”
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Epidemiological and clinical features of Behçet disease in Slovenia by Aleksandra Kraut

“…Beside local therapy all patients were on systemic therapy: Corticosteroids 25 patients, Azathioprine 13, Cyclosporine A 11, Cyclophosphamide 6, Chlorambucil 1, and Colhicine 1 patient. …”
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Squamous cell carcinoma and Crohn's disease: a sometimes-challenging diagnosis by Mona Boudabbous, Baha Barkia, Wiem Feki, Héla Gdoura, Lassad Chtourou, Manel Moalla, Leila Mnif, Ali Amouri, Zeinab Mnif, Nabil Tahri

“…After surgical drainage of the abscess, despite antibiotics and therapy combining azathioprine with infliximab, the abscess has recurred. …”
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New Insights in Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: From Pathogenesis to Therapy by Wilma Barcellini, Anna Zaninoni, Juri Alessandro Giannotta, Bruno Fattizzo

“…Conventional immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine) are now considered the third line. …”
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Antibody to aquaporin-4 in the long-term course of neuromyelitis optica by Jarius, S, Aboul-Enein, F, Waters, P, Kuenz, B, Hauser, A, Berger, T, Lang, W, Reindl, M, Vincent, A, Kristoferitsch, W

“…Treatment with immunosuppressants such as rituximab, azathioprine and cyclophosphamide resulted in a marked reduction in antibody levels and relapse rates. …”

State of the art in the treatment of systemic vasculitides. by Luqmani, R

“…Severe disease with organ or life threatening manifestations needs cyclophosphamide or rituximab, plus high dose glucocorticoids, followed by lower dose steroid plus azathioprine, or methotrexate. Additional plasmapheresis is effective for very severe disease, reducing dialysis dependence from 60 to 40% in the first year, but with no effect on mortality or long-term renal function, probably due to established renal damage. …”

Case report: Co-existence of sarcoidosis and Takayasu arteritis by Poudel, J, Risal, U, Sigdel, KR, Paudyal, BP, Adhikari, S, Basnyat, B

“…She is currently on azathioprine 50 mg, prednisolone 10 mg without the need for supplemental oxygen.…”