Guideline for the management of myasthenic syndromes by Heinz Wiendl, Angela Abicht, Andrew Chan, Adela Della Marina, Tim Hagenacker, Khosro Hekmat, Sarah Hoffmann, Hans-Stefan Hoffmann, Sebastian Jander, Christian Keller, Alexander Marx, Arthur Melms, Nico Melzer, Wolfgang Müller-Felber, Marc Pawlitzki, Jens-Carsten Rückert, Christiane Schneider-Gold, Benedikt Schoser, Bettina Schreiner, Michael Schroeter, Bettina Schubert, Jörn-Peter Sieb, Fritz Zimprich, Andreas Meisel

“…Glucocorticosteroids and the classical immunosuppressants (primarily azathioprine) are the basic immunotherapeutics to treat mild/moderate to (highly) active generalized MG/young MG and ocular MG. …”
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Acrodermatite enteropática: relato de caso em criança com doença de Crohn by Livia Caramaschi Florêncio, Eloana Pasqualin Lange, Elizandra Gomes Pereira, Mariana Bueno Xavier Silva, Gabriela Roncada Haddad

“…RESULTS: Treatment for CD was started with systemic steroids, Azathioprine and Mesalazine, and local care with the diaper area. …”
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Impact of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder on employment and income in the United States by Isabella Gomez Hjerthen, Cristina Trápaga Hacker, William Meador, Ahmed Z. Obeidat, Lucas Horta, Farrah J. Mateen

“…Results Of 127 participants (97 female; 55% AQP4‐antibody, 19% MOG antibody; 69% Caucasian, 7% Hispanic), with an average diagnosis age of 38.7 years, average disease duration of 6.4 years, mean 3.1 attacks, and 94% of whom were treated with immune system‐directed therapy (53% rituximab, 8% satralizumab, 7% eculizumab, 6% mycophenolate mofetil, 4% inebilizumab, 2% azathioprine, 10% IVIg, 10% other), 56% lost a job due to NMOSD. …”
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Real-World Burden of Immunosuppressant-Treated Lupus Nephritis: A German Claims Database Analysis by Elena Garal-Pantaler, Michael Schultze, Mary Elizabeth Georgiou, Marc Pignot, Kerry Gairy, Jacob N. Hunnicutt

“…Methods Adult patients with LN who initiated mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), intravenous cyclophosphamide (CYC), azathioprine (AZA), tacrolimus, cyclosporin A, or rituximab therapy in 2011–2017 (index therapy) were identified from the Betriebskrankenkassen German Sickness Fund database. …”
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Accelerated waning of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases by Roya M. Dayam, Jaclyn C. Law, Rogier L. Goetgebuer, Gary Y.C. Chao, Kento T. Abe, Mitchell Sutton, Naomi Finkelstein, Joanne M. Stempak, Daniel Pereira, David Croitoru, Lily Acheampong, Saima Rizwan, Klaudia Rymaszewski, Raquel Milgrom, Darshini Ganatra, Nathalia V. Batista, Melanie Girard, Irene Lau, Ryan Law, Michelle W. Cheung, Bhavisha Rathod, Julia Kitaygorodsky, Reuben Samson, Queenie Hu, W. Rod Hardy, Nigil Haroon, Robert D. Inman, Vincent Piguet, Vinod Chandran, Mark S. Silverberg, Anne-Claude Gingras, Tania H. Watts

“…Ab and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2, including neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants, were determined before and after 1 and 2 vaccine doses.RESULTS We prospectively followed 150 subjects, 26 healthy controls, 9 patients with IMID on no treatment, 44 on anti-TNF, 16 on anti-TNF with methotrexate/azathioprine (MTX/AZA), 10 on anti–IL-23, 28 on anti–IL-12/23, 9 on anti–IL-17, and 8 on MTX/AZA. …”
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Implications of Tioguanine Dosing in IBD Patients with a TPMT Deficiency by Debbie S. Deben, Luc J. J. Derijks, Bianca J. C. van den Bosch, Rob H. Creemers, Annick van Nunen, Adriaan A. van Bodegraven, Dennis R. Wong

“…Tioguanine is metabolised by fewer enzymatic steps compared to azathioprine and mercaptopurine, without generating 6-methylmercaptopurine ribonucleotides. …”
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Sympathetic Ophthalmia: Demographic Characteristics, Clinical Findings, and Treatment Results by Kübra Özdemir Yalçınsoy, Yasemin Özdamar Erol, Pınar Çakar Özdal

“…Treatment with high-dose systemic corticosteroid was given to 8 patients (57%), azathioprine (AZA) to 7 (50%), AZA and cyclosporine-A combination to 7 (50%), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors to 3 patients (21%). …”
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Post-COVID-19 polyautoimmunity – Fact or coincidence: A case report by Ali Ibrahim Shorbagi, Abdulmunhem Obaideen, Majd Jundi

“…The patient is currently on mesalazine 4 gr/day, and azathioprine 100 mg/day – oral steroids had been tapered and discontinued. …”
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A meaningful exploration of ofatumumab in refractory NMOSD: a case report by Yibo Zhan, Min Zhao, Min Zhao, Xiaojun Li, Huiying Ouyang, Chenghao Du, Guixian Chen, Zhenzhen Lou, Haoxuan Chen, Yuanqi Zhao, Yuanqi Zhao, Haoyou Xu, Haoyou Xu

“…Despite treatment with intravenous methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, rituximab and immunoadsorption, together with oral steroids, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil and tacrolimus, she underwent various adverse events, such as abnormal liver function, repeated infections, fever, rashes, hemorrhagic shock, etc., and experienced five relapses over the ensuing four years. …”
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Successful treatment of disseminated granuloma annulare with adalimumab by Denis V. Zaslavsky, Sergey V. Skrek, Gabbriella Mora, Anastasiya A. Yunovidova, Maria I. Zelianina, Dana M. Mashuka, Aleksej V. Sobolev

“…A 53-year-old female patient with a long-term recurrent course of annular granuloma after a weak clinical response to therapy with pentoxifilin, methotrexate and azathioprine turned to the dermatology department of the university hospital. …”
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Integrative analysis of purine metabolites and gut microbiota in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders after mycophenolate mofetil treatment by Gong Li, Xiaoyu Ma, Lijuan Xia, Ran Wei, Xiran Wang, Cang Li, Yuge Wang, Limin He, Hao Ren, Jian Sun, Wei Qiu

“…Prior investigations have shown that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with better biocompatibility compared to azathioprine (AZA), and can prevent relapses of NMOSD, but the efficacy was controversially reported in different NMOSD cases. …”
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Drug-drug interactions of immunosuppressants and other drugs in kidney post-transplant recipients. by - Mariel Umana-Rivas, - Evelin Soares de Britto, Leticia Santana da Silva Soares, Geraldo Rubens Ramos de Freitas, Gustavo Queiroz Arimatea, Priscila Dias Gonçalves, Dayani Galato

“…After analyzing the DDIs according to the severity of interaction, documentation quality interaction effect, clinical management and probable interaction mechanism, the most frequent interaction was with tacrolimus, classified as moderate, and the 3 major causes of interaction occurred with azathioprine according to the Micromedex database. The primary medicines involved with immunosuppressant interactions were proton pump inhibitors, ranitidine, domperidone, amlodipine, enalapril, allopurinol, cyclobenzaprine, amitriptyline, fluoxetine, and ciprofloxacin. …”
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Evaluation of uveitis activity in Behcet's disease patients using BOS24 by V. V. Neroev, G. A. Davydova, L. A. Katargina, T. A. Lisitsyna, Z. S. Alekberova, Z. R. Khatagova

“…All patients with uveitis exacerbation received systemic therapy including glucocorticoids, cyclosporine and/or azathioprine. After 9.43 ± 2.47 months of therapy, the average BOS24 score dropped significantly (р < 0.001) to 1.86 ± 0.48. …”
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Use of systemic therapies in adults with atopic dermatitis: 12-month results from the European prospective observational study in patients eligible for systemic therapy for atopic... by Marjolein de Bruin-Weller, Andrew E. Pink, Silvia M. Ferrucci, Annalisa Patrizi, Ake Svensson, Marie L. A. Schuttelaar, Marie Tauber, Marius Ardeleanu, Shyamalie Jayawardena, Moataz Daoud

“…Results 288 patients reported taking systemic medications; 42.7% received cyclosporine, 35.3% dupilumab, 28.1% methotrexate, 25.4% oral corticosteroids, 6.8% azathioprine, 6.1% injectable corticosteroids, and 3.4% mycophenolate. …”
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Clinical characterization of a cohort of patients treated for systemic lupus erythematosus in Colombia: A retrospective study. by Jorge Enrique Machado-Alba, Manuel E Machado-Duque, Andres Gaviria-Mendoza, Carolina Duarte-Rey, Andrés González-Rangel

“…All patients received pharmacological therapy, and the most common treatment was corticosteroids (293; 70.9%), followed by antimalarials (chloroquine 52.5%, hydroxychloroquine 31.0%), immunosuppressants (azathioprine 45.3%, methotrexate 21.5%, mycophenolate mofetil 20.1%, cyclosporine 8.0%, cyclophosphamide 6.8%, leflunomide 4.8%) and biologicals (10.9%). …”
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Curious case of bilateral non-resolving vitritis - Unmasking the masquerade on ultra-widefield imaging by Kushal Delhiwala

“…Treated elsewhere for OU vitritis with steroids (local and systemic), anti-tubercular therapy for 2 months, and azathioprine, she had no improvement. Presenting best-corrected visual acuty was counting fingers OD and hand movement OS. …”
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Glomerulonephritis associated with systemic sclerosis: a case report by Sepehr Nayebirad, Alireza Ramandi, Fatemeh Nili, Reza Atef-Yekta, Zahra Tamartash, Samira Salehi, Hoda Kavosi

“…She was treated with azathioprine (150 mg/day) and prednisolone (10 mg/day) during the 5-year follow-up. …”
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Can serum biomarkers predict the outcome of systemic immunosuppressive therapy in adult atopic dermatitis patients? by G. Hurault, E. Roekevisch, M. E. Schram, K. Szegedi, S. Kezic, M. A. Middelkamp‐Hup, P. I. Spuls, R. J. Tanaka

“…Methods We developed a statistical machine learning model using the data of an already published longitudinal study of 42 patients who received azathioprine or methotrexate for over 24 weeks. The data contained 26 serum cytokines and chemokines measured before the therapy. …”
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Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia as a Complication of Congenital Anemias. A Case Series and Review of the Literature by Irene Motta, Juri Giannotta, Marta Ferraresi, Kordelia Barbullushi, Nicoletta Revelli, Giovanna Graziadei, Wilma Barcellini, Bruno Fattizzo

“…All the patients received steroid therapy as the first line, and about 25% required further treatment, including rituximab, azathioprine, intravenous immunoglobulins, and cyclophosphamide. …”
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Pediatric Evans Syndrome: A 20-year experience from a tertiary center in Brazil by Bruna Paccola Blanco, Marlene Pereira Garanito

“…Twelve patients (63%) required second-line treatments (rituximab, cyclosporine, splenectomy, sirolimus, cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and eltrombopag). The median follow-up period was 2.41 years (1.4 –7.52). …”
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