Swimmers’ Effective Actions during the Backstroke Start Technique by Karla de Jesus, Kelly de Jesus, Luís Mourão, Hélio Roesler, Ricardo J. Fernandes, Mário A. P. Vaz, João Paulo Vilas-Boas, Leandro J. Machado

Subjects: “…backstroke…”
Get full text

The relationship between anthropometrical and physiological parameters of young elite boys in crawl and backstroke swimming by Ameneh Pourrahim Ghouroghchi, Mehdi Pahlevani

“…Background: The aim of study was to investigate the correlation between anthropometrical and physiological characteristics of young elite boys and their performance in crawl and backstroke. Methods: This study was a descriptive research. …”
Get full text

Different Lower-Limb Setup Positions Do Not Consistently Change Backstroke Start Time to 10 m by Gordon E. Barkwell, James P. Dickey

Subjects: Get full text

The Effect of an Alternative Swimming Learning Program on Skills, Technique, Performance, and Salivary Cortisol Concentration at Primary School Ages Novice Swimmers by Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Dimitrios Loupos

Subjects: “…backstroke…”
Get full text

THE EFFECT OF 8-WEEK CORE TRAINING ON 100 M BACKSTROKE SWIMMING PERFORMANCE ON 13-15 AGE MALE SWIMMERS by Ahmet Gönener, Deniz Demirci, Utku Gönener, Beyza Özer, Ozan Yılmaz

“…In this study, It was aimed to investigate the effect of 8-week core training on backstroke swimming style 100 m performance in male swimming group of 13-15 age group. 24 athletes from the Gebze Gençlerbirliği Swimming Club participated in this study. …”
Get full text

Kinematic Determinants of the Swimming Push Start in Competitive Swimmers by Alfonso Trinidad, Archit Navandar, Enrique Navarro, Santiago Veiga

“…(1) Background: The aim of the present research is to describe the kinematic characteristics of push start in competitive swimmers and to examine the role of the push start sub-phases on the overall start performance. (2) Methods: Seventy-four swimmers (33 males and 41 females) of national and international level performed one 25 m trial at maximum velocity with a push start at butterfly, backstroke and/or front-crawl techniques and were filmed with two sequential underwater cameras during the glide, leg kicking, transition and surface swimming phases. (3) Results: Backstroke starts showed greater emersion distances but slower times to 10 m than the remaining strokes. …”
Get full text

Contributions of each of the four swimming strokes to elite 200-400 individual medley swimming performance in short and long course competitions by José María González-Ravé, Jesus Santos-Cerro, Patricia González-Megía, David Pyne

“…The OG presents more exigent demands of lap times in butterfly, crawl and backstroke for IM swimmers.…”
Get full text

Propulsion curve analysis and optimisation of biomimetic pectoral fin with three degree of freedom based on multi-layer perception by Zonggang Li, Bin Li, Guangqing Xia, Huifeng Kang

“…The results show that the resistance of swing backstroke reached the minimum when overall curvature is π/10 and curve offset is 0.4, which is enhanced by 30.13% and 33.33% at thrust and lift direction compared to the existing design, respectively. …”
Get full text

Short-course performance variation across all race sections: How 100 and 200 m elite male swimmers progress between rounds by Francisco Cuenca-Fernández, Jesús J. Ruiz-Navarro, Marek Polach, Marek Polach, Raúl Arellano, Dennis-Peter Born, Dennis-Peter Born

“…In 100 m races, Start Times improved between heats, semi-finals, and finals (P < 0.005) and contributed to the improved Split Times of Lap 1 in freestyle (P = 0.001, Δ = −1.09%), breaststroke (P < 0.001; Δ = −2.48%), and backstroke (P < 0.001; Δ = −1.72%). Swimmers increased stroke rate from heats/semi-finals to finals in freestyle (P = 0.015, Δ = 3.29%), breaststroke (P = 0.001, Δ = 6.91%), and backstroke (P = 0.005; Δ = 3.65%). …”
Get full text

Validation of Automatically Quantified Swim Stroke Mechanics Using an Inertial Measurement Unit in Paralympic Athletes by Matthew Slopecki, Mathieu Charbonneau, Jean-Michel Lavallière, Julie N. Côté, Julien Clément

“…Strokes cycles were identified using a zero-crossing algorithm on the medio-lateral (freestyle and backstroke) or forward-backward (butterfly and breaststroke) instantaneous velocity data. …”
Get full text

Influences of Psychomotor Behaviors on Learning Swimming Styles in 6–9-Year-Old Children by Renato-Gabriel Petrea, Cristina-Elena Moraru, Ileana-Monica Popovici, Ilie-Cătălin Știrbu, Liliana-Elisabeta Radu, Marin Chirazi, Cristian-Mihail Rus, Alexandru Oprean, Oana Rusu

“…The aim of this study was to identify the existence of some relationships between certain psychomotor behaviors, which we consider specific to swimming, and learning to execute the technique of some swimming styles (front crawl and backstroke). The study was carried out for 10 months and included 76 children (40 boys and 36 girls) aged between 6 and 9 years who practice recreational swimming in a city in Romania. …”
Get full text

The swim coaching bible. by Hannula, Dick, 1928-, Thornton, Nort, 1933-

Water Competence and Physical Education: Perception and Real – A Field Assessment Methodology on the Portuguese Azorean Islands by David Cordovil, Nuno Domingos Garrido

“…In the end, we checked that formal Competitive Swimming lessons are the variable that shows a bigger influence in the PWC, in particular on the perceived activities of “maximum distance swam in 15 minutes” (Mann-Whitney U = 739, p = 0.000), “100 m backstroke” (Mann-Whitney U = 699, p = 0.000) and “dive entry headfirst” (Mann-Whitney U = 963, p = 0.010); in RM on the: “caught in a rip current at beach” (Mann-Whitney U = 972.5, p = 0.029) and “chased toy into the deep end of a swimming pool” (Mann-Whitney U = 957, p = 0.022); and in RWC on the activities: “maximum distance swam in 15 minutes” (Mann-Whitney U = 777, p = 0.000), “underwater swimming” (Mann-Whitney U = 963.5, p = 0.023), “100 m backstroke” (Mann-Whitney U = 712, p = 0.000) and “2 m surface dive” (Mann-Whitney U = 921.5, p = 0.012). …”
Get full text

Tactical options and effort distribution of 200m event in various swimming styles among elite swimmers by Aik, Low Kheng

“…As of within winners and losers comparisons, all events showed no statistical significance while between winners and losers, only 200m Backstroke event has shown statistically significant difference. …”
Get full text

Is There Any Effect of Symmetry on Velocity of the Four Swimming Strokes? by Raul Filipe Bartolomeu, Pedro Rodrigues, Catarina Costa Santos, Mário Jorge Costa, Tiago Manuel Barbosa

“…All strokes and conditions presented contralateral limb asymmetries (ranging from 6.73% to 28% for the peak force and from 9.3% to 35.7% for the mean force). Backstroke was the most asymmetric stroke, followed-up by butterfly, front crawl, and breaststroke. …”
Get full text

How Should the Transition from Underwater to Surface Swimming Be Performed by Competitive Swimmers? by Jelena Stosic, Santiago Veiga, Alfonso Trinidad, Enrique Navarro

“…The inter-limb coordination was a predictor in butterfly stroke (<i>p</i> = 0.006), whereas the body depth and inclination were predictors in the alternate strokes (front crawl (<i>p</i> = 0.05) and backstroke (<i>p</i> = 0.04)). These results suggest that the body position and coordinative swimming parameters (apart from kicking or stroking rate and length) have an important influence on the transition performance, which depends on the swimming strokes.…”
Get full text

POST – COMPETITION BLOOD LACTATE CONCENTRATION IN SWIMMERS by Mihail Kachaunov

“…Statistically significant coefficients of correlation between swimming times and BLc were observed in men’s swimming events of 100 m butterfly (r = -0.484); 100 m backstroke (r = -0.721); 100 m freestyle (r = -0.854); 50 m freestyle (r = -0.891) and women’s swimming event of 50 m freestyle (r = -0.688). …”
Get full text

Streamlining performance prediction: data-driven KPIs in all swimming strokes by Craig A. Staunton, Michael Romann, Glenn Björklund, Dennis-Peter Born

“…Bland and Altman analyses revealed negligible mean biases: Backstroke (0% bias, LOAs − 2.3% to + 2.3%), Breaststroke (0% bias, LOAs − 0.9% to + 0.9%), Butterfly (0% bias, LOAs − 1.2% to + 1.2%), and Freestyle (0% bias, LOAs − 3.1% to + 3.1%). …”
Get full text

SwimOne. New Device for Determining Instantaneous Power and Propulsive Forces in Swimming by Francisco Hermosilla, Lis Corral-Gómez, José M. González-Ravé, Daniel Juárez Santos-García, David Rodríguez-Rosa, Sergio Juárez-Pérez, Fernando J. Castillo-Garcia

“…Finally, some experiments are carried out providing the results of several participants swimming in crawl, backstroke, butterfly, and breaststroke styles in the presence of different opposition force. …”
Get full text

Identification of key somatic features that are common and the ones that differ between swim strokes through allometric modeling by Marek Rejman, Alan M. Nevill, Nuno D. Garrido, Nuno D. Garrido, Daria Rudnik, Jorge E. Morais, Jorge E. Morais

“…Associations between swimming speed and arm length were similar in breaststroke and medley, and in freestyle, backstroke and butterfly (R2 = 60.9%). The model retained as swimming speed predictors the age2, upper body circumference, hand breadth, waist circumference, and subscapular skinfold thickness (these last two had negative associations).ConclusionAll these predictors were common to all four swim strokes and medley. …”
Get full text