FXR Maintains the Intestinal Barrier and Stemness by Regulating CYP11A1-Mediated Corticosterone Synthesis in Biliary Obstruction Diseases by Zequn Li, Haijiang Dong, Suchen Bian, Hao Wu, Wenfeng Song, Xing Jia, Jian Chen, Xingxin Zhu, Long Zhao, Zefeng Xuan, Cheng Jin, Mengqiao Zhou, Shusen Zheng, Penghong Song

“…To investigate the mechanism by which intestinal bile acid deficiency mediates intestinal barrier dysfunction after biliary obstruction and identify a potential therapeutic modality, we mainly used a bile duct ligation (BDL) mouse model to simulate biliary obstruction and determine the important role of the bile acid receptor FXR in maintaining intestinal barrier function and stemness. …”
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Comparative analysis of hepatic transcriptomes and metabolomes of Changshun green-shell laying hens based on different green eggshell color intensities by Wenbin Xu, Ren Mu, Tuya Gegen, Jiaxiang Luo, Yang Xiao, Shunnian Ou, Qi Wu, Yongsong Zuo, Zhi Chen, Fangwei Li

“…Meanwhile, this study suggests that changes in hepatic energy metabolism, immune status, antioxidation activity, nutrient availability, and bile acid synthesis can impair eggshell coloration.…”
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Proglumide Reverses Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis by Interaction with the Farnesoid X Receptor and Altering the Microbiome by Martha D. Gay, Hong Cao, Narayan Shivapurkar, Sivanesan Dakshanamurthy, Bhaskar Kallakury, Robin D. Tucker, John Kwagyan, Jill P. Smith

“…The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is involved in bile acid transport and is a target for novel therapeutics for NASH. …”
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Metabolomics-Guided Hypothesis Generation for Mechanisms of Intestinal Protection by Live Biotherapeutic Products by Jiayu Ye, Lauren A. E. Erland, Sandeep K. Gill, Stephanie L. Bishop, Andrea Verdugo-Meza, Susan J. Murch, Deanna L. Gibson

“…BioPersist administration resulted in lowered concentrations of inflammatory prostaglandins, decreased stress hormones such as adrenaline and corticosterone, increased serotonin, and decreased bile acid in comparison to EcN. In comparison to BioColoniz, BioPersist increased serotonin and antioxidant production, limited bile acid accumulation, and enhanced tissue restoration via activated purine and pyrimidine metabolism. …”
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Alterations in gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in patients with infantile cholestasis by Meng Jin, Jinghua Cui, Huijuan Ning, Meijuan Wang, Wenwen Liu, Kunyu Yao, Jing Yuan, Xuemei Zhong

“…Indeed, hepatointestinal circulation impacts bile acid and bilirubin metabolism. This study evaluates changes in the gut microbiota composition in children with IC and identifies abnormal metabolite profiles associated with microbial alterations. …”
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Evaluation for Potential Drug–Drug Interaction of MT921 Using In Vitro Studies and Physiologically–Based Pharmacokinetic Models by Hyo-jeong Ryu, Hyun-ki Moon, Junho Lee, Gi-hyeok Yang, Sung-yoon Yang, Hwi-yeol Yun, Jung-woo Chae, Won-ho Kang

“…Cholic acid is the active pharmaceutical ingredient, a primary bile acid biosynthesized from cholesterol, endogenously produced by liver in humans and other mammals. …”
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Fibrosis-Related Gene Profiling in Liver Biopsies of PiZZ α1-Antitrypsin Children with Different Clinical Courses by Jan C. Kamp, Naomi N. Kappe, Carlos Fernández Moro, Jan Fuge, Mark P. Kuehnel, Sabine Wrenger, Tobias Welte, Bart van Hoek, Danny D. Jonigk, Padmini P. S. J. Khedoe, Pavel Strnad, Mikael Björnstedt, Jan Stolk, Sabina Janciauskiene, Antal Nemeth

“…Hepatocytes containing Z-AAT polymers were abundant in all groups whereas NCC showed higher expression of genes related to liver fibrosis/cirrhosis and lower expression of genes related to lipid, aldehyde/ketone, and bile acid metabolism. Z-AAT accumulation per se cannot explain the clinical outcomes of PiZZ children; however, changes in the expression of specific genes and pathways involved in lipid, fatty acid, and steroid metabolism appear to reflect the degree of liver injury.…”
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Сerebrotendinous xanthomatosis by G. E. Rudenskaya, E. Yu. Zakharova

“…Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis is a rare autosomal recessivedisorder of cholesterol and bile acid metabolism associated withthe sterol 27-hydroxylase gene CYP27A1. …”
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Use of tacrolimus to prevent acute kidney graft rejection in sensitized patients by O. N. Rzhevskaya, A. V. Pinchuk, R. V. Storozhev, I. V. Dmitriev

“…Tacrolimus belongs to calcineurin inhibitors and differs from cyclosporine in a rapider and uniform bile acid-independent absorption, causing a reduction in the individual variability of the blood concentration of the active ingredient. …”
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Lactobacillus and Allobaculum mediates the improvement of vascular endothelial dysfunction during hypertension with TaohongSiwu decoction combined with Dubosiella newyorkensis by Tianhao Liu, Xiaoya Li, Chenyang Zhang, Lin Zhao, Xue Li, Yusheng Yu, Yahong Zhou, Yuzheng Xue

“…Lactobacillus and Allobaculum was enormously up-regulated at the genus level. Serum bile acid differential metabolites cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were markedly altered. …”
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Antibiotic pretreatment attenuates liver ischemia–reperfusion injury by Farnesoid X receptor activation by Hanyi Liu, Jinglin Wang, Yitao Ding, Xiaolei Shi, Haozhen Ren

“…The gut microbiota has an essential role in hepatic bile acid (BA) metabolism, and we assumed that depletion of the gut microbiota could affect the composition of hepatic BAs and affect liver IRI. …”
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Expression of unfolded protein response genes in post-transplantation liver biopsies by Xiaoying Liu, Sarah A. Taylor, Stela Celaj, Josh Levitsky, Richard M. Green

“…Pearson correlation analysis of serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels demonstrated significant correlations with the hepatic expression of several UPR genes, as well as genes involved in hepatic bile acid metabolism and inflammation. In contrast, serum alkaline phosphatase levels were correlated with the level of hepatic bile acid metabolism gene expression but not liver UPR gene expression. …”
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Systematic review: efficacy of therapies for cholestatic pruritus by Ebehiwele Ebhohon, Raymond T. Chung

“…In addition, studies investigating a newer class drug, the ileal bile acid transporter inhibitor (IBATi), demonstrate its effectiveness in reducing serum bile acid and alleviating CP with sustained improvement noted in patients with the inherited childhood cholestatic disorders – progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis and Alagille syndrome. …”
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Allelic prevalence and geographic distribution of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis by Tiziano Pramparo, Robert D. Steiner, Steve Rodems, Celia Jenkinson

“…Abstract Background Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare recessive genetic disease characterized by disruption of bile acid synthesis due to inactivation of the CYP27A1 gene. …”
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Defective Cytochrome P450-Catalysed Drug Metabolism in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease by Platt, F, Nicoli, E, Al Eisa, N, Cluzeau, C, Wassif, C, Gray, J, Burket, K, Smith, D, Morris, L, Cologna, S, Peer, C, Sissung, T, Uscatu, C, Figg, W, Pavan, W, Vite, C, Porter, F

“…The reduced activity of P450 enzymes may be the result of bile acid deficiency/imbalance in Npc1-/- mice, as bile acid treatment significantly rescued P450 enzyme activity in Npc1-/- mice and has the potential to be an adjunctive therapy for NPC disease patients. …”

Vibrio cholerae’s ToxRS bile sensing system by Nina Gubensäk, Theo Sagmeister, Christoph Buhlheller, Bruno Di Geronimo, Gabriel E Wagner, Lukas Petrowitsch, Melissa A Gräwert, Markus Rotzinger, Tamara M Ismael Berger, Jan Schäfer, Isabel Usón, Joachim Reidl, Pedro A Sánchez-Murcia, Klaus Zangger, Tea Pavkov-Keller

“…Located at the inner membrane, ToxR and ToxS react to environmental stimuli like bile acid, thereby inducing survival strategies for example bile resistance and virulence regulation. …”
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Gut Microbiota Markers in Obese Adolescent and Adult Patients: Age-Dependent Differential Patterns by Federica Del Chierico, Francesca Abbatini, Alessandra Russo, Andrea Quagliariello, Sofia Reddel, Danila Capoccia, Romina Caccamo, Stefano Ginanni Corradini, Valerio Nobili, Valerio Nobili, Francesco De Peppo, Bruno Dallapiccola, Frida Leonetti, Gianfranco Silecchia, Lorenza Putignani, Lorenza Putignani

“…Particularly, biosynthesis of primary bile acid and steroid acids, metabolism of fructose, mannose, galactose, butanoate, and pentose phosphate and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were for the majority associated to obese, while biosynthesis and metabolism of glycan, biosynthesis of secondary bile acid, metabolism of steroid hormone and lipoic acid were associated to NW adolescents. …”
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Protein Engineering of Mung Bean (<i>Vigna radiata</i> (L.) <i>Wilczek</i>) 8Sα Globulin with Lactostatin by Ma. Carla Gamis, Lawrence Yves Uy, Antonio Laurena, Wilma Hurtada, Mary Ann Torio

“…The results showed that the mutated 8Sα globulin has a significant bile acid binding capacity (cholesterol-lowering activity) up to 47.25%. …”
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<i>Clostridium butyricum</i> Ameliorates the Effect of Coprophagy Prevention on Hepatic Lipid Synthesis in Rabbits via the Gut–Liver Axis by Zhichao Li, Mengjuan Chen, Ran Zhang, Zhitong Wang, Hui He, Zhiyi Wan, Hengjian Li, Hanfang Cai, Zhi Chen, Ming Li, Huifen Xu

“…Specifically, <i>C. butyricum</i> reshaped the microbiota by increasing butyric acid levels, thereby maintaining secondary bile acid (deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid) balance and attenuating the inhibitory effects of the FXR/SHP pathway on lipid synthesis (SREBP1c/ApoA1). …”
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Distinct responsiveness to rifaximin in patients with hepatic encephalopathy depends on functional gut microbial species by Yoshimi Yukawa‐Muto, Tomonori Kamiya, Hideki Fujii, Hiroshi Mori, Atsushi Toyoda, Ikuya Sato, Yusuke Konishi, Akiyoshi Hirayama, Eiji Hara, Shinji Fukuda, Norifumi Kawada, Naoko Ohtani

“…Furthermore, the sensitivity of S. salivarius and R. gnavus to RFX depended on conjugated secondary bile acid levels, suggesting a therapeutic potential of the combined use of secondary bile acid levels with RFX for enhancing the efficacy of RFX. …”
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