Role of Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolites on Atherosclerosis, Hypertension and Human Blood Platelet Function: A Review by Asim K. Duttaroy

“…Several studies in humans and animal models have demonstrated an association between gut microbial metabolites such as trimethylamine-<i>N</i>-oxide (TMAO), short-chain fatty acids, and bile acid metabolites (amino acid breakdown products) with CVD. …”
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Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Targeting in Cancer: New Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies by Liwei Lang, Yong Teng

“…Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), a tyrosine kinase receptor for FGFs, is involved in diverse cellular processes, including the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, migration, metabolism, and bile acid biosynthesis. High activation of FGFR4 is strongly associated with the amplification of its specific ligand FGF19 in many types of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, where it acts as an oncogene driving the cancer development and progression. …”
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Solute Carrier NTCP Regulates Innate Antiviral Immune Responses Targeting Hepatitis C Virus Infection of Hepatocytes by Verrier, E, Colpitts, C, Bach, C, Heydmann, L, Zona, L, Xiao, F, Thumann, C, Crouchet, E, Gaudin, R, Sureau, C, Cosset, F, McKeating, J, Pessaux, P, Hoshida, Y, Schuster, C, Zeisel, M, Baumert, T

“…NTCP regulates HCV infection by augmenting the bile-acid-mediated repression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), including IFITM3. …”

Transketolase promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through regulating AKT phosphorylation by Minle Li, Xue Zhao, Hongmei Yong, Jian Xu, Pengfei Qu, Shuxi Qiao, Pingfu Hou, Zhongwei Li, Sufang Chu, Junnian Zheng, Jin Bai

“…Our previous study indicate that TKT could promote the development of liver cancer by affecting bile acid metabolism. And in this study, we discovered that TKT expression was remarkably upregulated in colorectal cancer, abnormal high expression of TKT is associated with poor prognosis of colorectal cancer. …”
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Supplements—A Narrative Review by Stefan Zivkovic, Gorica Maric, Natasa Cvetinovic, Danijela Lepojevic-Stefanovic, Bojana Bozic Cvijan

“…Thus, the aim of this narrative review was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory properties of currently available lipid-lowering medications including statins, ezetimibe, bile acid sequestrants (BAS), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors, fibrates, omega-3 fatty acids, and niacin, as well as dietary supplements and novel drugs used in modern times.…”
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Petromylidenes A–C: 2-Alkylidene Bile Salt Derivatives Isolated from Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) by Ke Li, Anne M. Scott, Skye D. Fissette, Tyler J. Buchinger, Joseph J. Riedy, Weiming Li

“…Three novel bile acid derivatives, petromylidenes A&ndash;C (1&ndash;3), featuring uncommon alkylidene adductive scaffolds, were isolated from water conditioned with sexually mature male sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus). …”
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Paeonol Ameliorates Ulcerative Colitis in Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Metabolites by Jiahui Zheng, Huan Li, Pei Zhang, Shijun Yue, Bingtao Zhai, Junbo Zou, Jiangxue Cheng, Chongbo Zhao, Dongyan Guo, Jing Wang

“…In addition, Pae increased the abundance of gut microbiota, partially reversed the disturbance of intestinal biota composition, including Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, and regulated metabolite levels, such as bile acid (BA) and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA). In conclusion, our study provides new insight on Pae remission of UC.…”
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Microbial bile salt hydrolase activity influences gene expression profiles and gastrointestinal maturation in infant mice by María A. Núñez-Sánchez, Florence M. Herisson, Jonathan M. Keane, Natalia García-González, Valerio Rossini, Jorge Pinhiero, Jack Daly, Milán Bustamante-Garrido, Cara M. Hueston, Shriram Patel, Nuria Canela, Pol Herrero, Marcus J. Claesson, Silvia Melgar, Ken Nally, Noel M. Caplice, Cormac G.M. Gahan

“…Bacterial bile salt hydrolase (BSH) acts as a putative colonization factor that influences bile acid signatures and microbe-host signaling pathways and we considered whether this activity can influence infant gut development. …”
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Garlic (Allium sativum) polysaccharides ameliorates hepatic injury and fat accumulation in mice with metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) by Jie Liu, Wangning Yu, Chenghai Wang, Sha Li, Wei Zhang

“…In addition, GP also had a substantial impact on bile acid metabolic pathways. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis of MAFLD and provide further evidence for the potential use of GP as an alternative functional ingredient.…”
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Metabolic stratification of human breast tumors reveal subtypes of clinical and therapeutic relevance by Mohammad A. Iqbal, Shumaila Siddiqui, Kirk Smith, Prithvi Singh, Bhupender Kumar, Salem Chouaib, Sriram Chandrasekaran

“…Subtype M1 was found to be dependent on bile-acid biosynthesis, whereas M2 showed reliance on methionine pathway, and M3 engaged fatty-acid, nucleotide, and glucose metabolism. …”
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Merit of an Ursodeoxycholic Acid Clinical Trial in COVID-19 Patients by Subbaya Subramanian, Tinen Iles, Sayeed Ikramuddin, Clifford J. Steer

“…Bear bile is rich in UDCA, comprising up to 40–50% of the total bile acid. UDCA is a logical and attainable replacement for bear bile that is available in pill form and merits clinical trial consideration.…”
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Association between Intestinal Microecological Changes and Atherothrombosis by Xinyu Zhuo, Hui Luo, Rumei Lei, Xiaokun Lou, Jing Bian, Junfeng Guo, Hao Luo, Xingwei Zhang, Qibin Jiao, Wenyan Gong

“…Additionally, intestinal microecology promotes the progression of AS by interfering with the normal bile acid metabolism of the body. In this review, we summarize the research on the correlation between maintaining a dynamic balance of intestinal microecology and AS, which may be potentially helpful for the treatment of AS.…”
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Peripheral neuronal activation shapes the microbiome and alters gut physiology by Jessica A. Griffiths, Bryan B. Yoo, Peter Thuy-Boun, Victor J. Cantu, Kelly C. Weldon, Collin Challis, Michael J. Sweredoski, Ken Y. Chan, Taren M. Thron, Gil Sharon, Annie Moradian, Gregory Humphrey, Qiyun Zhu, Justin P. Shaffer, Dennis W. Wolan, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Rob Knight, Viviana Gradinaru, Sarkis K. Mazmanian

“…The resulting multi-omics datasets support broad roles for discrete peripheral neuronal subtypes in shaping microbiome structure, including modulating bile acid profiles and fungal colonization. Physiologically, activation of either ChAT+ or TH+ neurons increases fecal output, while only ChAT+ activation results in increased colonic contractility and diarrhea-like fluid secretion. …”
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The role of cholesterol metabolism in tumor therapy, from bench to bed by Wenhao Xia, Wenhao Xia, Hao Wang, Hao Wang, Xiaozhu Zhou, Yan Wang, Yan Wang, Lixiang Xue, Lixiang Xue, Lixiang Xue, Baoshan Cao, Baoshan Cao, Jiagui Song, Jiagui Song, Jiagui Song

“…Cholesterol metabolism participates in bile acid production and steroid hormone biosynthesis. …”
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The interplay between dietary fatty acids and gut microbiota influences host metabolism and hepatic steatosis by Marc Schoeler, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos, Till Birkner, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Lisa Olsson, Harald Brolin, Ulrike Loeber, Jamie D. Kraft, Arnaud Polizzi, Marian Martí-Navas, Josep Puig, Antonio Moschetta, Alexandra Montagner, Pierre Gourdy, Christophe Heymes, Hervé Guillou, Valentina Tremaroli, José Manuel Fernández-Real, Sofia K. Forslund, Remy Burcelin, Robert Caesar

“…In mice, poorly absorbed dietary long-chain SFA, particularly stearic acid, induce a shift in bile acid profile and improved metabolism and steatosis. …”
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A look at new therapeutic opportunities in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by Ekaterina E. Mishina, Alexander Y. Mayorov, Apollinariya V. Bogolyubova, Pavel O. Bogomolov, Maria V. Matsievich, Ksenia Y. Kokina

“…FXR agonists can claim to be a new promising drug for the treatment of NAFLD and related diseases influencing carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, bile acid metabolism, as well as inflammatory processes in the liver to ensure metabolic homeostasis.…”
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Opportunities for Nanomedicine in <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection by Pei-Wen Wang, Wei-Ting Lee, Ya-Na Wu, Dar-Bin Shieh

“…<i>C. difficile</i> spores can germinate quickly after being exposed to bile acid and co-germinant in a suitable environment. …”
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A selective gut bacterial bile salt hydrolase alters host metabolism by Lina Yao, Sarah Craven Seaton, Sula Ndousse-Fetter, Arijit A Adhikari, Nicholas DiBenedetto, Amir I Mina, Alexander S Banks, Lynn Bry, A Sloan Devlin

“…Using isogenic strains of wild-type and BSH-deleted Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, we selectively modulated the levels of the bile acid tauro-β-muricholic acid in monocolonized gnotobiotic mice. …”
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Cysteine dioxygenase type 1 (CDO1): Its functional role in physiological and pathophysiological processes by Min Chen, Jie-Ying Zhu, Wang-Jing Mu, Liang Guo

“…CDO1 is involved in a spectrum of physiological processes including lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, osteoblastic differentiation, redox homeostasis, fertility, bile acid metabolism, sulfide metabolism, and organismal growth and development. …”
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Aged oolong tea alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by modulating the gut microbiota and its metabolites by Jun Wu, Xuming Deng, Yue Sun, Jing Li, Haomin Dai, Siyu Qi, Yan Huang, Weijiang Sun

“…Anti-inflammatory effects are exerted through the stimulation of metabolic pathways associated with amino acid, fatty acid and bile acid metabolites. Importantly, the study identified key bacteria (e.g., Sutterella, Clostridiaceae_Clostridium, Mucispirillum, Oscillospira and Ruminococcus) for the development and remission of inflammation. …”
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