Role of Gut Microbiota in the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome by O. M. Drapkina, O. E. Shirobokikh

“…Short-chain fatty acids and second bile acids, which are produced with the help of microbiota, can modulate host lipid metabolism as well as carbohydrate metabolism through several receptors such as G-protein-coupled receptors 41,43, farnesoid X-receptor, Takeda-G-protein-receptor-5. …”
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PYY plays a key role in the resolution of diabetes following bariatric surgery in humans by Guida, C, Stephen, SD, Watson, M, Dempster, N, Larraufie, P, Marjot, T, Cargill, T, Rickers, L, Pavlides, M, Tomlinson, J, Cobbold, JFL, Zhao, C-M, Chen, D, Gribble, F, Reimann, F, Gillies, R, Sgromo, B, Rorsman, OP, Ryan, JD, Ramracheya, RD

“…We establish that the short chain fatty acid propionate and bile acids, which are elevated after surgery, can trigger PYY release not only from enteroendocrine cells but also from human pancreatic islets. …”

Hypocholesterolemic effect of diets, supplemented with either whole or phenol-free bambangan peel powder on an animal model. by Abdulrahman Hassan, Fouad, Ismail, Amin, Abdul Hamid, Azizah, Azlan, Azrina, Al-Sheraji, Sadeq Hasan

“…No apparent effects on the activity of plasma antioxidant enzymes were observed.Increased bile acids excretion in was also observed in both EG I, EG2. …”
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Alcohol-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis enhances the colonization of Klebsiella pneumoniae on the mouse intestinal tract by Mengke Shen, Huajie Zhao, Meiqing Han, Lin Su, Xiaojian Cui, Duan Li, Liang Liu, Chuansheng Wang, Fan Yang

“…In particular, alcohol-taking disrupted intestinal bile acid metabolism and reduced the lithocholic acid concentration. …”
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Biotransformed bear bile powder alleviates diet-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and reversing lipid metabolism by Shan Jiang, Xiaolu Wei, Hongjie Wang, Yanyan Zhou, Lihua Chen, Lianmei Wang, Feng Wang, Qilong Wu, Nan Si, Baolin Bian, Haiyu Zhao

“…NAFLD is a progressive metabolic liver disease for which effective interventions are lacking. Bile acids exhibited appreciable metabolic regulatory effects and selective antimicrobial activity. …”
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Gustatory Detection of Tetrodotoxin and Saxitoxin, and Its Competitive Inhibition by Quinine and Strychnine in Freshwater Fishes by Toshiaki J. Hara

“…Physiological and pharmacological studies show that receptor(s) for TTX and STX are distinct from those which detect feeding stimulant amino acids and bile acids, and that TTX and STX do not share the same receptor populations, while interacting with quinine and strychnine in a competitive fashion suggestive of an antidotal relationship.…”
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Getting to grips with hepatitis by Zhijian J Chen, Jin Ye

“…The receptor that allows hepatitis B and hepatitis D viruses to enter human liver cells has been identified as a protein that transports bile acids in the liver.…”
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Phospholipids are A Potentially Important Source of Tissue Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results of a Pilot Study Involving Targeted Metabolomics by Erin B. Evangelista, Sandi A. Kwee, Miles M. Sato, Lu Wang, Christoph Rettenmeier, Guoxiang Xie, Wei Jia, Linda L. Wong

“…Methods: Tumor and corresponding liver tissue samples were profiled as follows: Bile acids by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS), phospholipids by LC-MS/MS, and other small molecules including free fatty acids by gas chromatography—time of flight MS. …”
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A 19-year-old Patient with Recurrent Pruritus and Jaundice by K. S. Nezhdanov, E. N. Shirokova, Yu. O. Shulpekova, A. S. Ostrovskaya, M. S. Zharkova, V. T. Ivashkin

“…Blood chemistry results revealed an elevation of total bilirubin (up to 634 μmol/L), direct bilirubin (up to 354 μmol/L), bile acids (up to 510 μmol/L) and normal gamma glutamyl transferase level. …”
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Effect of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Metabolites in H460 Lung Cancer Cells by Tianxiao Zhou, Kaige Yang, Jin Huang, Wenchang Fu, Chao Yan, Yan Wang

“…Three LC-MS/MS methods were established for 71 compounds, including energy metabolites, phospholipids, and bile acids. The subsequent methodology validation results were used to verify the validity of the method. …”
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Biomarker Discovery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis Using Untargeted Metabolomics and Lipidomics Studies by Md Mamunur Rashid, Rency S. Varghese, Yuansong Ding, Habtom W. Ressom

“…These include organic acids, amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates, fatty acids, bile acids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and glycerolipids. …”
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Structure of orthoreovirus RNA chaperone σNS, a component of viral replication factories by Boyang Zhao, Liya Hu, Soni Kaundal, Neetu Neetu, Christopher H. Lee, Xayathed Somoulay, Banumathi Sankaran, Gwen M. Taylor, Terence S. Dermody, B. V. Venkataram Prasad

“…The helical assembly is disrupted by bile acids, which bind to the same site as the N-terminal arm. …”
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Water-Soluble Fish Protein Intake Led to Lower Serum and Liver Cholesterol Concentrations in Obese Zucker fa/fa Rats by Aslaug Drotningsvik, Linn Anja Vikøren, Svein Are Mjøs, Åge Oterhals, Daniela Pampanin, Ola Flesland, Oddrun Anita Gudbrandsen

“…The groups had a similar concentration of serum total bile acids and similar fecal excretions of cholesterol and bile acids. …”
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Effect of Gut Microbiota on Blood Cholesterol: A Review on Mechanisms by Chuanling Deng, Jingjin Pan, Hanyue Zhu, Zhen-Yu Chen

“…In this review, we delve into five possible mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may influence cholesterol metabolism: (1) the gut microbiota changes the ratio of free bile acids to conjugated bile acids, with the former being eliminated into feces and the latter being reabsorbed back into the liver; (2) the gut microbiota can ferment dietary fiber to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) which are absorbed and reach the liver where SCFAs inhibit cholesterol synthesis; (3) the gut microbiota can regulate the expression of some genes related to cholesterol metabolism through their metabolites; (4) the gut microbiota can convert cholesterol to coprostanol, with the latter having a very low absorption rate; and (5) the gut microbiota could reduce blood cholesterol by inhibiting the production of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which increases cholesterol synthesis and raises blood cholesterol. …”
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Bile canaliculi remodeling activates YAP via the actin cytoskeleton during liver regeneration by Kirstin Meyer, Hernan Morales‐Navarrete, Sarah Seifert, Michaela Wilsch‐Braeuninger, Uta Dahmen, Elly M Tanaka, Lutz Brusch, Yannis Kalaidzidis, Marino Zerial

“…This mechanism tolerates moderate bile acid fluctuations under tissue homeostasis, but activates YAP in response to sustained bile acid overload. …”
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Glyceric Prodrug of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA): Novozym 435-Catalyzed Synthesis of UDCA-Monoglyceride by Federico Zappaterra, Stefania Costa, Daniela Summa, Bruno Semeraro, Virginia Cristofori, Claudio Trapella, Elena Tamburini

“…Bile acids (BAs) are a family of steroids synthesized from cholesterol in the liver. …”
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Possible Role of Bent Structure of Methylated Lithocholic Acid on Artificial and Plasma Membranes by Tomoyuki Iwasaki, Nobuyuki Endo, Yuta Nakayama, Toshiyuki Kamei, Toshinori Shimanouchi, Hidemi Nakamura, Keita Hayashi

“…Bile acids form micelles that are essential for the absorption of dietary lipids. …”
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Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Ameliorates Sleep Deprivation‐Induced Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Restores Colonization Resistance against Intestinal Infections by Dan Fang, Tianqi Xu, Jingyi Sun, Jingru Shi, Fulei Li, Yanqing Yin, Zhiqiang Wang, Yuan Liu

“…Overall, this work highlights the important roles of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in the maintenance of intestinal CR.…”
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Metabolomics analysis of herb-partitioned moxibustion treatment on rats with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome by Lin, Xianwei, Liu, Xia, Xu, Jingjing, Cheng, Kian-Kai, Cao, Jianan, Liu, Tao, Liu, Qiong, Zhong, Huan, Shen, Guiping, Dong, Jiyang, Chang, Xiaorong

“…Results: The current results showed that IBS-induced metabolic alterations in fecal and serum sample include higher level of threonine and UDP-glucose together with lower levels of aspartate, ornithine, leucine, isoleucine, proline, 2-hydroxy butyrate, valine, lactate, ethanol, arginine, 2-oxoisovalerate and bile acids. These altered metabolites potentially involve in impaired gut secretory immune system and intestinal inflammation, malabsorption of nutrients, and disordered metabolism of bile acids. …”
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Ecophysiology and interactions of a taurine-respiring bacterium in the mouse gut by Huimin Ye, Sabrina Borusak, Claudia Eberl, Julia Krasenbrink, Anna S. Weiss, Song-Can Chen, Buck T. Hanson, Bela Hausmann, Craig W. Herbold, Manuel Pristner, Benjamin Zwirzitz, Benedikt Warth, Petra Pjevac, David Schleheck, Bärbel Stecher, Alexander Loy

“…T. muris specializes in taurine respiration in vivo, seemingly unaffected by mouse diet and genotype, but is dependent on other bacteria for release of taurine from bile acids. Colonization of T. muris in gnotobiotic mice increased deconjugation of taurine-conjugated bile acids and transcriptional activity of a sulfur metabolism gene-encoding prophage in other commensals, and slightly decreased the abundance of Salmonella enterica, which showed reduced expression of galactonate catabolism genes. …”
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