Corn silk polysaccharides attenuate diabetic nephropathy through restoration of the gut microbial ecosystem and metabolic homeostasis by Wenting Dong, Yuanyuan Zhao, Xiuwei Li, Jinhai Huo, Weiming Wang

“…We attempted to fully understand the interactions between CSPs, the gut microbiota and the host at the systemic level from a gut microbiota metabolomics perspective to fundamentally elucidate the mechanisms of action that can be used to intervene in DN.ResultsResearch has found that the metabolic pathways with a strong correlation with CSPs were initially identified as glycerophosphate, fatty acid, bile acid, tyrosine, tryptophan and phenylalanine metabolism and involved Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae-NK4A136- group and Dubosiella, suggesting that the effect of CSPs on improving DN is related to changes in metabolite profiles and gut microbiota characteristics.DiscussionCSPs could be harnessed to treat the abnormal metabolism of endogenous substances such as bile acids and uremic toxins caused by changes in gut microbiota, thus alleviating kidney damage caused by inflammation. …”
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A cross talk between microbial metabolites and host immunity: Its relevance for allergic diseases by Purevsuren Losol, Magdalena Wolska, Tomasz P. Wypych, Lu Yao, Liam O'Mahony, Milena Sokolowska

“…Results and Discussion We describe key microbial metabolites such as short‐chain fatty acids, amino acids, bile acids and polyamines, elucidating their mechanisms of action, cellular targets and their roles in regulating metabolism within innate and adaptive immune cells. …”
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Cholecystectomy and subsequent risk of Parkinson’s disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study by Ryul Kim, Jee-Young Lee, Sanghyun Park, Kyungdo Han, Cheol Min Shin

“…Abstract Growing evidence has suggested that the gut-brain axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and that this role is mediated by the interactions between bile acids (BAs) and intestinal microbiota. Given that cholecystectomy can lead to alterations in BAs and gut microbiota, we investigated whether cholecystectomy is linked to a higher risk of PD. …”
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The Mechanism of the Gut-Brain Axis in Regulating Food Intake by Shouren Li, Mengqi Liu, Shixi Cao, Boshuai Liu, Defeng Li, Zhichang Wang, Hao Sun, Yalei Cui, Yinghua Shi

“…The gastrointestinal tract is not only the site of food digestion and absorption but also contains a variety of appetite-regulating signals such as gut-brain peptides, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), bacterial proteins, and cellular components produced by gut microbes. …”
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DHEA Protects Human Cholangiocytes and Hepatocytes against Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress by Ewa Kilanczyk, Dagmara Ruminkiewicz, Jesus M. Banales, Piotr Milkiewicz, Małgorzata Milkiewicz

“…Taken together, these results suggest that DHEA can prevent the deleterious effects of certain potentially toxic bile acids and reactive oxygen species, delaying the onset of liver disease.…”
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Severe Early-Onset Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Following Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome with Pulmonary Presentation after In Vitro Fertilization: Case Report and Syste... by Stipe Dumančić, Mislav Mikuš, Zdenka Palčić, Dubravko Habek, Mara Tešanović, Marko Dražen Mimica, Jelena Marušić

“…Background: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common pregnancy-related liver disease, usually presented in the third trimester with pruritus, elevated transaminase, and serum total bile acids. Evidence shows that it can be developed in the first trimester, more commonly after in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures, with the presence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). …”
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Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites for type 2 diabetes mellitus by Jiaqiang Wu, Kangping Yang, Hancheng Fan, Meilin Wei, Qin Xiong, Qin Xiong, Qin Xiong

“…Gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including bile acids, lipopolysaccharide, trimethylamine-N-oxide, tryptophan and indole derivatives, and short-chain fatty acids, have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM, playing a key role in the host-microbe crosstalk. …”
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SCP2 variant is associated with alterations in lipid metabolism, brainstem neurodegeneration, and testicular defects by Melanie Galano, Shereen Ezzat, Vassilios Papadopoulos

“…Abstract Background The detoxification of very long-chain and branched-chain fatty acids and the metabolism of cholesterol to form bile acids occur largely through a process called peroxisomal β-oxidation. …”
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Beneficial Effects of Soybean-Derived Bioactive Peptides by Il-Sup Kim, Woong-Suk Yang, Cheorl-Ho Kim

“…SPs are expected to be able to prevent and treat atherosclerosis by inhibiting the reabsorption of bile acids in the digestive system, thereby reducing blood cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and fat levels. …”
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Characterization of <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> 11/19-B1 Isolated from Kiwi Fruit as a Potential Probiotic and Paraprobiotic by Ken Ishioka, Nozomu Miyazaki, Kyoko Nishiyama, Tatsuo Suzutani

“…In this study, the probiotic properties of the 11/19-B1 strain, such as sensitivity to antimicrobial compounds, biogenic amine production, some virulence genes for human health, antimicrobial activity, tolerance to gastric acid and bile acids, and ability to adhere to the intestinal mucosa, were evaluated. …”
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Deficiency of the lipid flippase ATP10A causes diet-induced dyslipidemia in female mice by Adriana C. Norris, Eugenia M. Yazlovitskaya, Lin Zhu, Bailey S. Rose, Jody C. May, Katherine N. Gibson-Corley, John A. McLean, John M. Stafford, Todd R. Graham

“…We also observed increased circulating levels of several sphingolipid species along with reduced levels of eicosanoids and bile acids. The Atp10A −/− mice also displayed hepatic insulin resistance without perturbations to whole-body glucose homeostasis. …”
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Effects of liposoluble components of highland barley spent grains on physiological indexes, intestinal microorganisms, and the liver transcriptome in mice fed a high‐fat diet by Jiali Zhang, Yihao Luo, Shengbao Feng, Wancheng Sun, Shanwen Li, Lingwu Kong

“…Transcriptomic analysis showed that lipid‐soluble components of spent grains reduced the mRNA expression of ANGPTL8, CD36, PLTP, and SOAT1 and increased the mRNA expression of CYP7A1 and ABCA1 in the cholesterol metabolism pathway, promoted the transport of cholesterol, and inhibited the absorption of cholesterol, which can decrease cholesterol levels by speeding up the conversion of cholesterol into bile acids.…”
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Licraside as novel potent FXR agonist for relieving cholestasis: structure-based drug discovery and biological evaluation studies by Lili Xi, Axi Shi, Tiantian Shen, Guoxu Wang, Yuhui Wei, Jingjing Guo

“…Cholestasis is a common clinical disease caused by a disorder in bile acids (BAs) homeostasis, which promotes its development. …”
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Coupling an artificial receptor with macrophage membrane for targeted and synergistic treatment of cholestasis by Qiaoxian Huang, Zong-Ying Hu, Shuwen Guo, Dong-Sheng Guo, Ruibing Wang

“…Cholestasis is defined as an impairment of bile acid flow leading to intrahepatic retention of toxic bile acids (BAs), which induce apoptosis or necrosis of hepatocytes and liver inflammation. …”
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Bamboo shoot dietary fiber alleviates gut microbiota dysbiosis and modulates liver fatty acid metabolism in mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity by Xiaolu Zhou, Lingjun Ma, Li Dong, Daotong Li, Fang Chen, Xiaosong Hu

“…Analysis of fecal metabolomics and gut microbiota metabolites revealed that BSDF increased the levels of several short-chain fatty acids and enriched bile acids, which may be important for improving lipid metabolism. …”
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Integrated annotation prioritizes metabolites with bioactivity in inflammatory bowel disease by Bhosle, Amrisha, Bae, Sena, Zhang, Yancong, Chun, Eunyoung, Avila-Pacheco, Julian, Geistlinger, Ludwig, Pishchany, Gleb, Glickman, Jonathan N, Michaud, Monia, Waldron, Levi, Clish, Clary B, Xavier, Ramnik J, Vlamakis, Hera, Franzosa, Eric A, Garrett, Wendy S, Huttenhower, Curtis

“…Prioritized features included known IBD-linked chemical families such as bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, and less-explored bilirubin, polyamine, and vitamin derivatives, and other microbial products. …”
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Messengers from the gut: gut microbiota-derived metabolites on host regulation by Li, Chenyu, Liang, Yaquan, Qiao, Yuan

“…In this review, we summarize recent studies in the understanding of the major classes of gut microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and peptidoglycan fragments (PGNs) on their regulatory effects on host functions. …”
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Metabolomics - the complementary field in systems biology: a review on obesity and type 2 diabetes by Abu Bakar, Mohamad Hafizi, Sarmidi, Mohamad Roji, Cheng, Kian Kai, Ali Khan, Abid, Chua, Lee Suan, Zaman Huri, Hasniza, Yaakob, Harisun

“…These biomarkers include fatty acids, TCA cycle intermediates, carbohydrates, amino acids, choline and bile acids. The biological activities and aetiological pathways of metabolites of interest in driving these intricate processes are explained. …”

Atractylone Alleviates Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rat with Altered Gut Microbiota and Metabolites by Li L, Du Y, Wang Y, He N, Wang B, Zhang T

“…Furthermore, ATR played a positive role in relieving ulcer through reshaping gut microbiota composition including Parabacteroides and Bacteroides and regulating the levels of metabolites including amino acids, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and bile acids.Conclusion: Our work sheded light on the mechanism of ATR treating GU from the perspective of the gut microbiota and explored the correlation between gut microbiota, metabolites, and host phenotype.Keywords: atractylone, gastric ulcer, inflammation, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, metabolomics…”
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Portosystemic shunt placement reveals blood signatures for the development of hepatic encephalopathy through mass spectrometry by Ana Carolina Dantas Machado, Stephany Flores Ramos, Julia M. Gauglitz, Anne-Marie Fassler, Daniel Petras, Alexander A. Aksenov, Un Bi Kim, Michael Lazarowicz, Abbey Barnard Giustini, Hamed Aryafar, Irine Vodkin, Curtis Warren, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Ali Zarrinpar, Amir Zarrinpar

“…Here we suggest that pre-existing intrahepatic shunting predicts HE severity post-TIPS. Bile acid levels decrease in the peripheral vein post-TIPS, and the abundances of three specific conjugated di- and tri-hydroxylated bile acids are inversely correlated with HE grade. …”
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